Carbon as a Friendly Element Functional Groups Video Lecture - Class 10

in this introduction to organic
chemistry you will learn the definition
of a hydrocarbon and how functional
groups give molecules similar properties
organic chemistry is the study of carbon
compounds there are many millions of
organic compounds that you can make
using hydrogen carbon and arranging them
in different ways hydrocarbons are
defined as compounds made of hydrogen
and carbon only the simplest hydrocarbon
is methane it consists of one carbon
with four covalent bonds to hydrogen
atoms the next in the series has two
carbon atoms and this is called ethan
and is followed by propane and then
butane these being the names of the
first four in the series of molecules
called the alkanes pause this video now
and try to draw the structure of hexane
hexane has six carbon atoms
here is the structure of hexane compare
it to the structure you drew did you get
it right the next series is called the
alkenes these are hydrocarbons that
contain a double covalent bond between
two carbon atoms in the molecule
just like the alkanes each carbon atoms
still needs four bonds but as two bonds
already due to the double covalent bond
with the other carbon atoms the ithi
molecule is completed by two more bonds
with two hydrogen atoms for each of the
carbon atoms these also follow a pattern
and the next molecule in the series is
propane and then butene pause this video
now and try to draw the structure of
hexene as before hexene has six carbon
atoms
here is the structure of hexene this
time there is a double bond because it's
an alkene
the video tutorial on the alkanes and
alkenes will give you more in-depth
knowledge on the bonding and structure
of these series of molecules as we have
already discussed hydrocarbons are
molecules containing on the carbon and
hydrogen atoms however the study of
organic chemistry
includes any molecule with a carbon
backbone functional groups are groups of
atoms which give molecules similar
properties there are many different
functional groups you may have heard of
the alcohol group this is a hydroxyl
group and is a hydrogen bonded to an
oxygen which is then covalently bonded
to the rest of the molecule this group
can be attached to any of the alkanes to
form alcohols their name all ending in
alt for example methanol ethanol and
propanol pause this video now and try to
work out the name of this molecule
there are four carbon atoms in this
molecule with an alcohol group and so
it's name is butanol the alcohol
functional group means that all these
compounds will react in a similar way
and will have similar properties
carboxylic acids are another example of
a functional group this is the
functional group for a carboxylic acid
and gives an organic molecule the name a
weak acid methanoic acid ethanoic acid
propanoic acid and butanoic acid
there are lots more functional groups
esters which give molecules a sweet
smell and make them useful for perfumes
and flavorings ketones which make
molecules useful as solvents a means
which can be used as dyes and useful in
making medicines some molecules have
more than one functional group and give
molecules different properties still now
by the end of this video you should know
that organic chemistry is the study of
carbon-based molecules and that
hydrocarbons and molecules containing
hydrogen and carbon only you should also
know that functional groups are groups
of atoms which give molecules similar
properties
you