Budding, Fragmentation, Spore Formation and Vegetative Reproduction Video Lecture - Class 10

good morning children today we shall
learn more about plant reproduction now
we know what is sexual reproduction in
the plants in the sexual reproduction
the male and female gamete participate
and the zygote is formed after the
fusion of male and female gametes which
is called fertilization then the zygote
changes into an embryo and then the
embryo changes into a baby plant under
the right conditions
now the question is how to plants which
do not flower or do not have seeds
reproduce well you know there are other
ways to buy which plants reproduce and
these don't involve the male or the
female gametes let us see what are these
so the plants can reproduce without the
seeds too sometimes a part of a plant
can grow into a new plant like in the
case of few microscopic organisms like
the yeast Hydra etc a small pulp like
bud is formed then it grows and gets
separated from the parent once it
becomes mature thus an independent
organism is formed it is very simple and
an interesting process Hydra can have
many buds at a time this type of
reproduction is called budding
spirogyra is one kind of LG which looks
like small green string it floats on the
surface of bonds or in the dirty drains
these adult organism just break into two
or more pieces and each piece grows into
a new plant not only in spirogyra and
many other plants the adult plant breaks
up into several pieces of fragments and
each piece grows into an independent
plant such type of reproduction is
called fragmentation
in ferns and mosses etc flowers are not
there so the seed cannot be formed
instead their reproductive bodies are
the spores which are mostly spherical in
shape and protected by thick wall a
spore can be single-celled or
multi-celled in moss the spore caspere's
and spore is released into the air
many fungi also reproduce through the
spores when the environment conditions
are right the spores germinate that is
the sport bursts out of thick wall and
cell starts multiplying and the spore
grows into a new plant
all of these methods the budding method
fragmentation method and spore formation
method which involved simple division of
plant body into two or more parts or the
spore formation are called the asexual
reproduction methods let us see another
method of asexual reproduction in their
plants
you know in some plants the vegetative
parts such as the root stem leaf etc can
be used to reproduce new plants and this
is called vegetative reproduction since
it does not involve the male or the
female gametes it is also a type of
asexual reproduction in some plants the
roots help in reproduction like the
roots of Dahlia asparagus can develop
into new plants the Dahlia plants store
the excess food in the secondary roots
and these get swollen these are called
tuberous roots sometimes the plant shoe
dies but the tubers remain in the ground
then the new chute may grow back from
the tuber helping in the multiplication
of the plant so the roots help in the
plant reproduction
we already know about the underground
stems which store food like the potato
ginger onion etc the new plant may grow
from the specific part of these kind of
stems like the potato has a small bud on
its side cut a potato piece with an eye
and put it under the soil if the
conditions are favourable a new plant
would grow from it ginger is a rhizome
which is a stem that grows horizontally
underground and stores food
it has buds on it too from these buds
new plants may grow onion is a bulb the
bulb is an underground storage organ
made of stem and leaves the bulb is made
of many layers of fleshy scales which
are actually leaves and the center of
bulb contains a bud
this but can grow into a new plant
certain plants reproduce - the leaves
for example the briar phylum leaves
develop small birds on their margin
these birds grow into new plants when
the leaves fall from the parent plant
as we saw many plants generally the
seedless plants use the vegetative
method through their roots stem or the
leaf etc naturally to produce the new
plants so these were the natural methods
of vegetative reproduction
you know we humans also use the
artificial methods involving the
vegetative reproduction of plants to
grow new plants for example we cut a
part of rose stem and place it in the
moist soil sometimes later the roots
come out of it and it grows into a new
plant this artificial way of vegetative
reproduction is called cutting
this cutting method can be used in case
of sugar cane hibiscus bougainvillea to
in grape plant Jasmine plant a young
branch is lowered down the ground and
then it is covered with the layer of
soil after sometimes roots grow from it
when the branch is cut off from the
parent plant it becomes an independent
plant this artificial way of vegetative
reproduction is called layering have you
ever thought how do we get the newer and
better varieties of plants especially
the newer varieties of food plants and
the ornamental plants well it is again
through an artificial method of
vegetative reproduction called grafting
in this technique the branches of
different plants are organically joined
the chute which is transferred is the
sky and the plant with the roots to
which this kind is attached is called
the stock hence the stock provides the
water and the minerals to this kind with
time new cells develop in the area where
they are joined and a new variety of
plant develops so this was the grafting
method
so to summarize what we learnt till now
there are different ways through which
the plants reproduce and they can be
broadly categorized as the sexual
reproduction which involves the fusion
of male and female gametes leading to
the formation of zygarde art of which
the new plant is formed and the other
methods which do not involve the male
and the female gametes are the asexual
reproduction methods
the asexual reproduction can be further
classified as the birding method in
which parts develop into new plants
fragmentation method in which plant
fragments into two or more pieces and
each piece grows into a new plant spore
formation method in which the spores
germinate to form new plants and lastly
the vegetative reproduction which
involves a part of plant organ for
example the root leaf etc grow into a
new plant
and also remember the vegetative
reproduction may be natural through the
root stem leaf etc or can be done
artificially by the humans using the
layering cutting autograph ting method
to get newer variety or the better
variety of plants so that was all about
the plant reproduction bye bye children