Trends in Group -16 Elements (part - 2) Video Lecture - JEE

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discuss is the metalic character so you
see your hair in this group 16 my oxygen
sulphur these are my nan range in fact
selenium also they called as nonmetal
and my tellurium is metalloid and
polonium is wetly so you see this
polonium is Mettling tellurium is
metalloid and the first three are
normally in fact for selenium there is a
doubt debate actually some books
classify selenium as metalloid also okay
so if you go down the group what is
happening is the metalic characters
including these the non metals and
metalloids and then regard metal okay
the next is the catenation this
catenation tendency is finally shown by
sulfur oxygen very V only to some extent
sulfur large extent is large extent of
catenation and after these again they
don't so much for sulfur you see they
have something like this H SNS the mist
will be so many sulfur attached sulfates
they come or they have something like
this H o3 s is like there's too many s
and the necessary
something this goes basically this only
compound shall perform she has huge
sulfur-sulfur like that is catenation
nothing but the characteristic of a
element to form links with the same
example carbon has a huge catenation
property that is the best in all the
elements alpha also shows some
catenation property oxygen various talk
about the oxidation state the electronic
aggregation is n s 2 and B 4 right so it
either has to lose 6 electron to become
stable or gain 2 electron to be stable 1
into option it has tried to gain the
extra stability it has to lose 6
electron on gain 2 electron but losing 6
electron is not feasible and you with
this looks like the oxidation state
should vary from minus 2 to plus 6
because it lose 6 electron or gain 2
electron so theoretically that should be
the oxidation state that is
theoretically but there is a big but
here losing 6 electron is not a joke
right because no atom will feel like
losing 6 electrons because it changes
things in it's very difficult losing so
unknown electron one electron again 2
electron the size is less and for the
fifth electron the sec's electron it's
very very difficult to lose losing 6
electrons right also if you have somehow
form a metal with a or element with
plastics oxidation state the stability
of this will be very less it won't be
stable so the plus 6 is something which
has not seen right so it typically shows
minus 2 2
plus four in fact I won't say it is
impossible plastics also exists but rare
for example so3 one example where it is
in plastic State little rare
so due to inert PMF a the tendency to
form plus four is more then plastics two
reasons one is do te not pay effect
tendency to form + 4 is more than
plastics as we go down the group and the
second reason is that losing 6 electron
is difficult for example if you see
oxygen losing 6 electron is all very
impossible why because oxygen size is
small it can't lose 6 electrons so it
doesn't show plastics occupation seen
but if you talk about sulphur it does
show plus 6 oxidation state my selenium
also shows plus 6 oxidation say my
tellurium also shows plus 6 oxidation
state but as you go down the group my
polonium is not showing plus 6 oxidation
state only plus 4 maximum because of
inert pair effect
need not be effect because of this it is
showing only at the next bus right
plastics is possible but very very
difficult because it is very difficult
energetically to get rid of six
electrons okay so if we talk about the
oxygen now as I have shown oxygen so
will - 2 - 1
it also shows 0 oxidation state +1 + +2
example I can give you 4 0 it is my pure
oxygen 4 - 2 a good example is water in
water oxygen has minus 2 oxidation state
- one is peroxide that is also a very
famous example +1 has gained little rare
that is co 2 f + +2 is all the more
layered rare this point these this is
only one molecule actually which shows
+2 oxidation state / - so so I have two
with my oxygen difluoride o 12 is off
dioxygen by chloride and s2o to Euro is
a heightened peroxide h2o is water and
Oh two is the liquid oxygen molecule
that is for oxygen for sulfur also minus
two I can give an example of h2s in h2s
we have - to talk about the plus two I
can give example of s CL 2 CL to talk
about the plus 4 oxidation state a
really good example is so2 you know what
plus 6 oxidation state the very good
example is yes so same thing with the my
selenium tellurium and polonium okay for
oxygen there is no oxidation state
beyond plus 2 please know why there are
so many reasons
if you oxygen least lose more than 2
electron it becomes unstable there is no
D orbital to form bond and this is a
large energy required actually to do the
electron be online you see the oxygen
the electron acceleration is minus 2 2s2
2p4 so in this large R is required if
you want to remove these 6 electron cars
in the second orbital tightly held by
this nucleus right so apart from oxygen
other element actually shows - 2 + 2 + 4
+ 6 Y and this higher oxidation states
are possible down the group why because
the MTD orbit will also write so
tendency to so again if you see - - also
degrees down the group as the size
increase so 10 NZ - show - - also
degrees down the group and tendency so
plus 6 also decrease down
so in this case my both minus 2 and plus
6 are not the plastics is not there - is
not it what were you so hope you
understood the oxygen oxidation stage
concept so technically it should have -
2 - classics and it does show oxygen
does not show because this I is very
very small for oxygen plus 2 oxidation
state beyond class 2 is possible for
oxygen no MTD you are bitten and size is
very small and taking out these
electrons because the second shell is
very very difficult so oxygen shows only
plus 2 oxidation state and the master
element sulfur selenium tellurium the
issue is plus 6 also for anymore so
doesn't show plastics but it shows
through clasp or white curve the inert
pair effect okay let us talk about some
of the physical properties trends so if
you see again here my oxygen sulphur
these are nonmetals if you awkward a
selenium and tellurium again is a debate
on solarium so I put selenium as
metalloid talk about polonium is a metal
so from nonmetal dope metal for this
Peroni emits a radioactive element in
the half-life is very less the half-life
is only thirteen point eight days only
for pearly and all these elements they
exhibit electro key or sulfur they are
almost 2000 Tropes
for oxy and they are almost 900 cloves
there are so many electrons with all
these elements so if we talk about the
physical property oxygen is the only one
which is gas at standard temperature and
pressure other all these are my solid in
standard temperature and pressure will
talk about why it is like this
my oxygen is gas thorough solid one of
the other covalency also oxygen the
reforms put these forms s8 sulfur forms
s8 so when we will talk about that thank
you
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