The Lanthanides Video Lecture - NEET

hello friends this video on DNF block
elements part 31 is brought to you by
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what are F block elements F block
elements are called
inner transition elements and in these
block all the elements the last electron
enters F orbital do you see the last
electron enters F orbital that is the
definition and they all part of group 3
actually group three-membered it is all
external from good 3 c57 and starts from
here 58 89 and start from a 92 these are
actually my F block lanthanides and
actinides okay so 14 elements and
lanthanides and 14 in actinides total
twenty eight elements F block two series
9 I'd series and actinide series
lanthanide lanthanum Atlee is not a
lanthanide but it is it resembles the
property of lanthanide so actually we
study lioness also in this same thing
acting them also is not part of this act
night series but it resembles the
property of actinides will also study
acting them with actinides okay all
these lanthanides they resembles one
another and these have only one stable
oxidation state let's see that all this
lanthanides have only one stable
oxidation stay actinides will see that
they have wide-ranging population state
this is something you will see wide
range of oxidation see so please
remember lanthanides you will see that
it has only one oxidation state and at
night it will have y changeable
condition t before going further let's
at least see this is element and say
hello to them so we'll start with the
first lanthanides element called cerium
see the atomic number 58 you can see
here and this is also silvery soft
ductile metal easily oxidized to here
this is named after the planet
cirrus and this is le for in the
Middle's
bonzai bass right and this added to
fewer lashley to reduce the initial this
is added to fuel and it reduces the
emission so we talked about the
electronic configuration of cerium
cerium 58 will see that it is for f-15d
1/6 s2 this is the electronic
configuration of cerium okay and if you
talk about it suppose cerium 2 plus in
that case electrons will come from this
place right and if you talk about CDM 3
plus electrons will come from this place
we talk to our cerium 4 plus electron
will also come from displease okay
the next element is partial n iam so in
this case this is of a soft silvery
malleable ductile this is magnetic and
this has electrical and chemical instead
also has optical properties this is also
found in combined form and this develops
oxide layer we have seen most of the
d-block also develops oxide layer this
also develops oxide coating due to
oxidation and this is named for the it
color needs named for the color of its
oxide this came from the Greek word
called class nose and this prasie nose
means green light and the other word is
DD most this came from try Co dye meum
try Co plus D demos and eto most means
twin because it's oxides wear green
color so it is called passio Geum okay
it has one stable and lot of radioactive
isotopes talk about electronic
configuration is for F 3 6 s 2 that is
the electronic configuration of the
syllable okay and then we have new
diagram neodymium again this
word again came from the Greek word neo
means new you must know that new and D
do mossman's twin GG emotional strain
this is again a silvery metal which
tarnish a this forms oxide oxide but in
this case this oxide layer at least
below so here no no protective coating
like iron it doesn't form a protective
coatings since the layer is formed it
peels off like RN so it is further
exposed for oxidation okay it is present
in the holes like one side it is not
found nationally either it is used in
glass dyes and to make powerful magnets
it is actually a rare rare metal okay
there are five stable isotopes and
pretty good number of radioactive
isotopes we talk about the electronic
configuration it is 4 F 4 6 s 2 this is
the electronic configuration of this the
next is promethium promethium all
radioactive isotopes only it doesn't
have any non radioactive isotope or lady
active ISIL it has and it was discovered
in 1945 by analysis of fission product
of you know I am fuel and this is named
after this word from with us this is a
Greek word prometheus right this is a
Greek Titan in Greek mythology who stole
the fire from the Mount Olympus and
bring it down to the human so this
actually shows the human intellect
because this is human created this so it
shows that time it showed the power of
human intellect and this drama this also
was very intellectual he brought fire
from the Greek from the Mount Olympus
down to human and so it was named after
him and is called promethium talk about
the electronic condition is 4 5 4 F 5 6
s 2 this is the electronic configuration
no from with you the Nexus samarium
samarium sorry the samarium is still
very hard it readily oxidised
was discovered to be late 1879 and this
was named after the semester I /
actually which was from which it was
isolated so this is the 4th 440th most
abundant metal in the earth this is not
rare
this is not rare and this is used to
create powerful magnets and this is
helpful in curing cancer okay
talk about electronic configuration / f
6 6 s - this is the electronic
configuration of scenario the next
element is 0 p.m. this also this is the
first element which is named after
country euro euro p.m. this is mean hard
ductile silvery metal
it also readily oxidized in air and this
is used in lasers and fluorescent lamp
ok let's talk about electronic
completion for F 7 6 s 2 this is the
electronic configuration of europium
again dalam if CD this is again silvery
white malleable ductile detected in 1880
and this was named after Gaza long night
what is this this is over from which it
is formed we have 6 stable isotopes and
1 they do I active isotopes also it is
used as for shielding did use for
shielding in nuclear reactor nuclear
reactor we have this is used for
shielding the nuclear reactor shielding
nuclear reactor okay it is also used to
prepare alloys which are resistant to
high temperature talk about electronic
configuration for F 7 3 D 1 6 s 2 this
is the electronic configuration the next
element terbium this is also
silvery-white
rare-earth metal this is malleable
ductile and hard and this is also used
in fluorescent lamps
TV tubes sonar system etc this was
discovered in 1843 this was named after
a village judge shall be you must have
seen heard this word lot of elements
were found here here and this is in
Sweden this is nine out of the village
chatter be right talk about the
electronic configuration for f96 st this
is the electronic configuration of HIV
so next to 10:00 p.m. we have this flow
ZM this dysprosium also if you see the
silver white soft metal discovered me in
1886 named after the Greek word dis Fri
of toes that means hard to get this
element was hard to get actually it was
it took time to prepare this and it is
used in making control rods in nuclear
reactors it has high magnetic strength
and but it tarnished slowly because it
gets oxidized in air 8 4 F 10 6 s 2 this
is the electronic combination of this
element next element is home iam we talk
about holmium this is again soft
malleable against silver-white metal
discovered in 1878 you see all this
metal sphere discovered in the same time
and this is named after the ste city
Stockholm volumes table this has the
highest magnetic strength of any level
is used in nuclear reactor a good way to
remember Stockholm with the plot of
people similarly in this column is very
attractive it has very high magnetic
strength for at 11 6 s 2 is the
electronic configuration for this matter
the next is EBM helium is against
silvery-white metal solid metal
discovered in 1843 and this was also
discovered in this yet or b village in
sweden this is used in photographic
filter and also control rods in the
nuclear reactors for F 12 6 s 2 is the
electronic configuration for this
element
the next is - Liam - liam is again if
you see is again silvery white soft
metal which reacts with water and here
also is called the same time 7 1879 this
was named after place called Thule in
Scandinavia right this is used as x-ray
source this is used as x-ray source for
f13 6s2 is the electronic configuration
for this element the next is YB
ytterbium this is soft pipe metal
malevolent that time this is the last
second element of this lanthanide series
named after again the same village HL b
it will be village in sweden where it
was formed and this is a source of gamma
rays right and this is used for making
atomic clock most stable atomic clock in
the world is made using it erbium
electronic configuration is for f-14 6s
- is the electronic configuration for
the element next is eutteum lutetium is
again silvery white it resistant to
Corazon dry but in the moist it actually
reacts and it was born in 1907 and the
word came from Latin word lutetium UT
share is the Latin word for Paris and it
is used as catalyst in the petroleum
cracking catalyst in petroleum cracking
you see that not much application for
the lanthanides and actinides item and
for a 14 5 d 1 6s - this is the
electronic configuration from notation
so we see the electronic configuration
the F orbitals has element ranging from
1 to 14 F orbitals are filled late the
number of electrons are from 1 to 14 and
s is typically filled 6 s 2 is common
for all
so for this lanthanides for f12 14 6 s -
I can say the electronic configuration
for this
he also has a element but easily has 0
to 1 and the maximum ok so let us talk
about the trend in the atomic size for
lanthanides and we know that if you go
from left to right the atomic size
increase because we are adding electron
to 4 F orbitals as you go from left to
right and for the orbital as or
shielding effect and thus if you see the
atomic size is decreasing as we going
from left to right the atomic size is
decreasing this is my atomic size and
this bother is decreasing correct and
it's called landmine contraction and we
know the consequence of lanthanide
contraction we already have studied this
I talked about oxidation states
so in lanthanides plus 3 is the most
prominent oxidation state plus 2 n plus
4 is also seen +2 and +4 but plus 3 is
the most common oxidation state talk
about the general characteristics it is
we have seen that we have actually seen
all most of this all his landmines
elements we have seen that they all
silvery white soft metals and they
tarnished rapidly near right and their
hardness increases with increasing
atomic number so in this direction the
hardness increase okay
the melting point is also high melting
point is between thousand two to 1200
Kelvin this is the melting point they
all good conductor good conductor and
this plus 3 ions are colored actly some
of the plus 3 ions are colored and this
is because of F electrons and most of
them are para maana me okay so para
maintenance make maximum for medium and
the first ionization energy is around
600 kilo Joule per second
energies around twelve hundred kilos ole
but the third Direction is is low and
the chemical property of this lanthanide
is similar to calcium initially and then
it becomes similar to our and I think so
it is aluminum so early lanthanum reacts
like calcium but if you increase the
atomic number
these behaves like aluminum okay and
these actinides are highly radioactive
sorry I was confused here the
lanthanides actually we have stable
isotopes of lanthanides also but in that
might we'll see that all these are
radioactive right in lanthanides we have
element which are non radioactive also
in fact I just explained to you that
promethium is the only lanthanide which
has only radioactive isotopes other has
stable isotopes also promethium is the
only odd man out which doesn't have any
stable isotope but other has stable
isotopes also okay the next is the
chemical property if you talk about the
chemical property lanthanum when you
react with nitrogen it form Ln ne it
reacts with carbon it from L n c2 or Ln
3 C or Ln 2 C 3 this kind of component
forms lanthanum also reacts with the
water to form Ln oh3 kind of compound
lanthanum also react with halide to form
Ln X 3 kind of compound lanthanum also
react with the acid to form what sorry
hydrogen gas lanthanum also reacts with
oxygen to form the oxide something oxide
coating or just
site talk about the users not much use
but yeah it is used in production of
Steel it is used to create mesh metals
very hard metal mesh metal and this has
95% lanthanide Ashley and 5% iron and
this is used to produce bullets okay
this is lanthanum is also used for
catalyst cracking we have discuss this
catalyst in petroleum cracking and this
lanthanum is also used for television
scheme the old television CRT screen in
that case lanthanum is used for phosphor
it is also used for nuclear rod
lanthanum is also used for you clear rod
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