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Chemical Reactions of Alcohols Video Lecture - NEET
FAQs on Chemical Reactions of Alcohols Video Lecture - NEET
| 1. What are the common chemical reactions of alcohols? |  |
Ans. Common chemical reactions of alcohols include oxidation, dehydration, esterification, and substitution reactions. Oxidation reactions convert alcohols into aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids. Dehydration reactions eliminate water molecules from alcohols to form alkenes. Esterification reactions involve the reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids to form esters. Substitution reactions occur when alcohols react with hydrogen halides or other nucleophiles to replace the hydroxyl group with another functional group.
| 2. How do alcohols undergo oxidation reactions? | |
Ans. Alcohols can undergo oxidation reactions through the loss of hydrogen and gain of oxygen atoms. Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and further to carboxylic acids. Secondary alcohols are oxidized to ketones, while tertiary alcohols do not undergo oxidation. The oxidation reactions of alcohols can be catalyzed by oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chromium trioxide (CrO3).
| 3. What is the process of dehydration of alcohols? | |
Ans. Dehydration of alcohols is a process in which water molecules are eliminated from the alcohol molecule, resulting in the formation of an alkene. This reaction is typically carried out by heating the alcohol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The acid catalyst protonates the alcohol, making it a better leaving group, which then undergoes elimination to form the alkene and water.
| 4. How do alcohols undergo esterification reactions? | |
Ans. Esterification reactions involve the reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids to form esters. In this reaction, the hydroxyl group of the alcohol reacts with the carboxylic acid group, resulting in the formation of an ester and water. The reaction is typically catalyzed by an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Esterification reactions are commonly used in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including fragrances, flavors, and pharmaceuticals.
| 5. What happens when alcohols undergo substitution reactions? | |
Ans. Substitution reactions of alcohols occur when the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the alcohol is replaced by another functional group. This can be achieved by reacting the alcohol with a hydrogen halide (e.g., HCl) or other nucleophiles. The substitution reaction results in the formation of an alkyl halide and water. The reaction mechanism may vary depending on the type of alcohol and the reagent used. Substitution reactions of alcohols are widely studied and utilized in organic synthesis.
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