L17 : Harvesting - Crop Production & Management, Science, Class 8 Video Lecture

hello friends this video on crop
production and management part 17 is
brought to you by exam feel calm no more
fear from exam so now we are going to
talk about the next practice that is
followed in agriculture and that is
harvesting now you would have often
celebrated the harvest festivals so what
are they my name is imprinting festivals
like oval or Makar Sankranti or knob on
these and festivals we celebrate in
India to celebrate the harvest in time
what is harvesting so high wasting is
bucking of crops after it is mature so
this process is called harvesting now
why do we celebrate these mr. burns what
is so permanent what is so good about
the cutting crops now that's because so
much of effort which was put in by the
fireworks for so long firstly prepare
the soil by ploughing and leveling then
the water day then irrigated the fields
they applied Bangalore he Lexus they do
so much and I am putting so much of
labor labor and this is the time when
they get results of their efforts so
they get the crops so now that the crops
are mature so what do they do they cut
the crops this is the time when they
celebrate their happiness because their
hard book has given them results now the
question is what do we do once crops not
sure now as I say that we cut the crops
but how exactly do we cut the crops
because when we see that we cut the
crops it is like a huge field full of
crops so cutting so many so much of
crops is again going to be a tedious job
so do we do that manually are we again
have some equipment which helped us in
harvesting so that is what we will see
here in this session now harvesting as I
said brings a lot of happiness that's
because all their different starting
from watering start starting from
watering the field waiting for
playing war so that it rains so that the
field gets irrigated naturally then
plowing the field with tractors or
sometimes even manually so all these
efforts which have been moved by the
farmers they fetch results during the
harvest of time and that is why I find
listing blooms with itself a lot of
happiness and in different regions
people celebrate it in different ways
they give different names to these
festivals and that's how they celebrate
their happiness so now let us look at
the tools which help in high resting now
here you can see the a very common tool
which is used to manually by farmers to
cut the crops but if you want a machine
thing which can actually automate the
entire process so that is also there so
it and whatever you can see the picture
or machine which helps in harvesting so
one tool is a simple seeker so this is a
sickle it helps a manual harvesting of
crops so it has a sharp end here and a
handle here so handles a miracle or the
farmer can hold the handle and then the
sharp edge can just cut it whereas the
machine is harvesters here you can to
see the entire machine and this machine
helps in harvesting the crops here you
can see the crop side but this way of
very similar to this you have a sharp
edge here so as the machine moves so
this sharp edge will continuously cut to
the crops so manually you really don't
need to move throughout the field and
cut crops so you just drive this machine
and by itself the harvester will start
will do its job so now this machine is
often called as a combine harvester
why that's because this harvester
normally helps in cutting crops so it is
quite hard mister because it helps in
cutting crops and why is it badi come by
investor that's because this combine
also helps to separate the cranes from
the shaft now only cutting will not help
right even if you cut the cross so you
are left with the trains as well as the
shaft so what is shaft shackles um you
can see the covering of the grain so if
you have ever seen the wheat grain or
the rice grain so you see a yellow each
parent covering outside so we do not
need the covering we just need the grain
which is present inside so after you cut
across you need to SEP separate the
grains from the shaft so this repetition
is also done within this machine and
that is why it is for a combine
harvester so let us understand the
process of separation of grains and
shaft and then really come back again to
combine harvester so this process is
actually pointed threshing where the
separates the grain seeds from the shaft
so here you can see these are the grain
seeds so if you talk about rice so these
are the grain seeds which we normally
eat and what does this is are the shaft
so they are a thin covering on each of
these grains so each of these thing is
covered by a shaft but we are not
interested in the shaft we don't want it
so both of these need to be separated
now when you come to crawl you got in
support like this so when you cut it you
are actually cutting the shaft and
inside that you have to bring no after
cutting you need to separate it into
these two parts now this process of
separation of grain from shaft is one
threshing now how do we do threshing
because again when you have quintals of
of crops it is not an easy task to
separate it manually so we need some
equipment which will help to make the
process of threshing easier and that is
why we talked about the combine
harvester so let us quickly look at the
various caching methods which are used
now one common method which
since long bang is we knowing what
happens in billowy it is a manual
process but here what happens is you
have a something like this you would
have seen this kind of a structure so
this kind of plate and for structure is
there when you put the mixture of green
and the shaft now what happens is when
you actually blow it when you move it up
and down the shaft which is lighter
because it is just the covering and it
is very thin and light so it is very
light and that is why it is easily blown
away by the wind so this is the shaft
you can see here whereas the greens
which which are heavier they will not be
blown away by the seeds instead they
will fall down here so these are your
grain seeds so what if I do is graduate
your it will be formed by the grain
seeds and then you can collect the
grains come here so this is one way of
separating it but it needs a lot of man
will effort you need people who can
constantly move for the plate so that
the shaft and the green get separated
you need people's efforts to collect the
entire brain which has been separated so
that is a lot of manual effort is
important and also the process is
relatively slow and that's because I
mean you have so huge amount to be
separated so even if you separate it
like this it is going to take a lot of
time so this is my traditional method of
threshing now as I said grains being
careful they will fall back somewhere
like this so now the question is this
method is going to be tiring for the
people because they will have to
constant their hands will start aching
they will get tired standing there so it
is going to be tedious job so what
should we do so we should
automate the process so that machine can
take care of the separation process and
that is what is done in case of a
combine so
mind is the name given to an automatic
machine and it does harvesting as well
as threshing that is why sometimes it is
also called as combine harvester that's
because IRA still it does harvesting and
combine means it also does threshing
since it does go the things so the name
combine that is a combination of
threshing as well as harvesting so that
is a nice idea right the same machine
will first cut the crops and then inside
the machine only the grains and the
shaft will get separated so let us see
how exactly the combine harvester does
both harvesting as well as threshing so
this is how the harvester looks like
where it will do harvesting that is it
will cut the crops so here if you see at
this end you have the cross so these are
the crops and you see as it goes and as
it goes towards this side as it moves
the side gradually the crops get cut
that's because the harvester is attached
towards this end so the header is to
this portion is termed as header so
different headers are used to cut
different crops because to cut different
crops may be different types of cutters
are required so for different crops
different headers are used so that is
one thing there is a rotating wheel
which pushes the crop towards the
cutters here you have a rotating me and
this wheel will push the crop towards
this cutter and as soon as the crop
comes near the cutter so the cutter will
cut it these water these cutters these
are nothing but sharp teeth like
structures so you have teeth like
structures here so these teeth like
structures will open and close and
that's how the crops will get cut okay
so that's about the cutting part now
once the probes are being cut then what
happens then there is a threshing drum
inside which will separate the brains
from the shaft so the threshing part is
being taken care by
I am a threshing drum and where is the
threshing drum it is located inside so
the entire thing entire clock which is
being cut it passes on to the threshing
drum then the drum will separate the
grains from the shower
then the grain will then be collected in
the grain tank so in the threshing term
what happens separation takes place the
once it is separated that the grains
will get collected in the grain tanks
now once the grain tanks have collected
the grains then what happens so what do
we do with the shaft shatter something
which we do not want so the grain tank
is somewhere here made so here you have
the grain tank now what will happen to
the shaft which is the unwanted part so
the shaft will pass through the straw
workers there is a straw occur here and
the unwanted straw will be thrown out
from back of the machine so from here
the straw will be thrown out this is the
unwanted straw this is the unwanted part
so you can see some certain things are
coming out of it so basically the
unwanted straw the unwanted shaft is
thrown out from the backside so from
this side it will cut the crops
inside there is a threshing the drum
which will separate the grain Adam shaft
and then the grain will go to the grain
dance and the shaft will go to the straw
walkers so what happens so once it
separates the grain goes to the grain
tank and shampoos to the straw walkers
and from straw walkers it is disposed
out through the back end what happens
when the drain tank is full when the
grain bag is full it gets unloaded so
the green tanks and paying the grains
and straw of course until
the shaft so when it is full then it
gets unloaded and all the grains are
taken out so that is how a combine
harvester works so the grains get
collected in playing time and the
unwanted shaft falls off the back of the
machine so this is faster so our little
friend is very happy with the combine
harvester so now the pleased that yes we
can reduce a lot of effort of the
farmers and we can save their time as
well
because now we just have one single
machine which can do both harvesting as
well as threshing so towards the end of
it it will give you only the desired
grain seeds and that's all we wanted so
now there are few points which need to
be kept in mind while harvesting so one
is never burn the left over on the field
post harvesting now once high fasting is
done so you cut the crops you get your
desired seeds but even after that there
are some unwanted maybe straw or sharp
or something which is left over on the
field and many times it has been
observed that what farmers do is they
just burn it to get rid of it but have
you ever been imagined that what would
happen if you burn them first of all it
will cause air pollution secondly when
you burn meat there are chances that
some desired other crops in the field
might also get burned so that means you
can cause harm to other existing crops
in the field now since you are burning
it you are also spoiling the texture of
the upper layer of the soil of that area
so burning the leftovers on the field is
not at all advisable and it should never
be done because it can cause pollution
so while you burn it on the field it can
also damage the existing crops in the
field because it was there the field is
huge and there are so many crops which
are being cultivated in that field so
because of these reasons burning of the
leftover on the field should never be
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