Nomenclature - Diversity in Living Organisms, Force & Laws of Motion, Science, Class 9 Video Lecture

hello friends this video on diversity in
living organisms part 25 is brought to
you by example comm know you're from
exam so with this we will end our
discussion on the five kingdom
classification because we have already
discussed about the five major kingdoms
monitor Protista fungi Plantae and
Animalia and I hope that explanation why
particular to you and you got some idea
about the variety of living organisms
which exist on this at now at the very
beginning of this lesson I told you that
how the classification also helps in
naming and organism scientifically if
are in scientific naming of a living
organism so here I will just introduce
you with nomenclature so what is Normand
teacher it is a system of scientific
naming now why do we need a scientific
naming at all here you can see a couple
of things on the screen there is an
elephant there is a coconut tree there
is a whale some vegetable some fruits
and a boy standing there now for
whatever I mentioned just now I'm
telling this is an elephant but it is
suppose if I go to a country where
people don't understand English maybe
they'll see what what is an elephant I
don't know what is elephant so how do i
express them what am I talking about
right even in a single country for
example in India itself when you go to
the South Indian states you see that
they speak different languages like
Tamil then they will cut it up right
similarly when you go to the North
Indian states the most commonly spoken
languages become in the Gujarati Punjabi
and like that so there are many ways of
calling a particular thing so science is
something on these scientific
experiments with the living organisms is
something which is happening worldwide
so in order to name things universally
scientific naming was brought into
picture right so for every living
organism there is a scientific name
associated with it so now the question
is okay now I understood that why we
need scientific naming so that it is
universally at uni
sorry understood by everybody hey now
how do we give these scientific names to
different objects so what is the basis
of Norman ketchup now the basis of
Norman fletcher is the hierarchy that
means whatever object we are talking
about let us suppose if I am talking
about this human being so what should be
the scientific name of a human being now
for that we should know under which
category that human being falls so just
now we spoke about the human beings
human beings falls under the category of
mammals mammals fall under the category
of vertebrates vertebrates fall under
the category of coordinates coordinates
fall under the category of and merriam
right so we should know that hierarchy
so once we know that hierarchy we will
be able to name the organism
scientifically so what is the hierarchy
we should know the Kingdom it belongs to
we should know the phylum or division it
belongs to we should also know the class
the order the family the genus and the
species so what does this hierarchy
actually tell us which tells that under
each Kingdom there are many phylum or
division for example under the kingdom
Animalia we have different phylum like
or data echinodermata Waleska nematoda
so they are the different phylum under
the kingdom Animalia similarly in India
each phylum we have different classes
for example under core data we have so
many classes like malaria spices
reptiles and fibia
so again and at each of these classes we
have ordered so that means even hundred
Mamiya also we have many different
orders even under each order we have
different families under each family we
have different genus and under each
genus we have different species so in
this lesson we have only spoken about
the kingdoms and the phylum and the
class we have not spoken about the order
family genus and species maybe you will
study about them in the higher classes
so based on this we actually name any
object scientifically for example in
this human being it belongs to
the kingdom Animalia so the kingdom is
Animalia phylum Chordata class Mammalia
order is primates family is community
genus Homo and species is sapiens so
similarly if I want to name this man
whoa
scientifically so it belongs to which
kingdom
it belongs to plant a because it is a
plant and a plant a it belongs to
angiosperm II it is an angiosperm under
angiosperm again we have two pluses
dicots and monocots so it is a dicot
again in the under die-cut it is a SAP
in vail under that it is an annek idea
see under that it is Maggie Farah and
under that the species is indica
so when I say species and actually
talking about because in mango also you
get different varieties of mango right
so when the variety changes the species
may maybe get changed right so this is
how we actually scientifically name
different organisms now how do we write
scientific names the question is in the
previous slide we saw that if we start
writing
if one scientific name becomes so large
that means the scientific name for a man
who will become planting angiosperm a
dicot a late in his happen till zanuck
ideas in Maggie Farah in Riga so it is a
huge name right so it is not different
it's easy to remember this name so how
do we actually write scientific names
instead of writing the entire hierarchy
we just shorten it so only the genus and
the species are mentioned so we do not
write the entire thing for example if I
am if I don't write the scientific name
of mango we just mentioned the genius
that is Maggie Farah and the species
that this indica if we want to write the
scientific name of a human being we just
write the genus that was Homo and the
species that is sapiens and there are
certain conventions which are to be
followed in writing the scientific names
genus name begins with a capital letter
species name begins with a small letter
so let us suppose if I want to write the
human beings it is homo sapiens so homo
should start with homo is the genus name
so it should start with a capital
later sapiens is the species name so it
should start with a small letter
scientific name should be in italics
when printed so if we print something
then the scientific name should be in
italics that means it should be little
bent scientific name should be
underlined when handwritten and if we
are writing it it is not printed then it
should be underlined so this is how we
would write the scientific name of human
beings so this is how we will write the
scientific name of a mango manga vera
indica so now you understand how we
write scientific names of different
unique organisms now currently at this
stage stage we will learn discussed too
much in detail about the scientific
names but as you go to your higher
classes we will talk about scientific
names in even more detail so with this I
will end my discussion on a norman
ketchup so it is time to look at some of
the questions now based on whatever we
have studied so far can you think about
this how would you choose between two
characteristics to be used for
developing a hierarchy in classification
that means let us suppose if you have to
classify objects how would you know that
from where you should start your
classification for example in this case
also the first classification started
with kingdoms like first the living
organisms were divided into five
kingdoms then each kingdom was divided
into five them then each file I am going
divided into classes so how did this
start I mean how would you determine
that hierarchy I already explained this
a couple of times that whenever we want
to classify things we need to look for
the basis for that classification on
what basis are we going to classify
things and what if you observe we
observe that the more basic
characteristic of the two
characteristics should be considered for
developing a hierarchy in classification
so the more basic characters are so if
you have two characteristics the more
basic one should be taken into
consideration let us take the example
which I have taken before also so here
if you see
if we want to classify these
vegetables' which were present there how
will we classify Dubey there are two
options let us suppose the two
characteristics one option is that we do
them on the basis of color and other
option is that we do them on the basis
of their nature the nature of vegetable
it is now if the set if we separate them
by on the basis of color what will
happen this pepper this pepper maybe
this carrot they will be in the same
group now you see a pepper and character
totally different things but still they
will come under the same group and this
pepper this pepper will fall in the same
group and this pepper and the cabbages
will fall under the same group but this
is not the correct way of classification
because this is not the basic
characteristic what is the basic
characteristic first we have to see
color cut is the secondary one first we
have to see what it is so the nature of
the vegetable so depending upon the
nature we have classified the papers
together we classified the cabbages
together we calcify the carrots together
so this was the first hierarchy so the
first head IQ was done based on the
nature of the vegetable now if I want to
subclass if I further then maybe color
will play a role because in this case
now the nature of the vegetable is same
for all of them so what is different to
only different thing is color so color
will become the bit more basic
characteristic now for the second level
of classification red so similarly if we
want to distinguish between a tree and a
man so what is a very basic
characteristic you think trees cannot
move and man can move right so this is a
very basic characteristic by which you
can divide objects into two classes one
is plants and what this animals plants
cannot move and animals can move so the
more basic characteristic of the two
should always be considered for
developing a hierarchy in classification
let us have another question to think
upon explain how animals in vertebrate
are are classified into further
subgroups so again this is asking you to
find out the basis of classification our
basis of
sub-classification invertebrates as I
told you inverting what we're
vertebrates vertebrates are those
coordinates who have a notochord along
with the notochord they have a dog
dorsal nerve cord which later develops
into a brain and a spinal cord now there
were a couple of different types of
animals under this category so we had
fishes we had birds we had human beings
we had animals falling under this
category but we saw that their body
structure and body design or not exactly
the same so what was our basis of
classification the basis of
classification was the body design and
the complexity of body structures and
their function when I say body design I
mean whether they have four limbs or not
whether they have fins or not whether
they have a muscular tail or not so that
that all comes under body design when I
say complexity of body structures and
their function I am talking about the
different organs for example heart heart
is present in all of the three things
which you are seeing on the screen
fishes have a heart even the Frog has a
heart even a human being has a heart but
the heart in fishes is two chambered it
is three chambered in case of a frog and
it is four chambered in ease of a human
being so the complexity of the body
structure is increasing so as the
complexity increases their function also
starts differing a bit now similarly in
case of fishes we have scales so here we
have a two chambered heart here we have
a three chambered heart and here we have
a four chambered heart so in again in
fishes or on the skin what do we have we
have scales in case of a frog what do we
have on skin we have the mucous glands
in case of human beings what do we have
we have hairs and sweat glands right so
even though they all fall under the
category of vertebrates their body
designs are different their complexity
of the body structures and also their
functions are also different right for
example in fishes we have scales and the
purpose of scales is protection and
forward movement of the fish
in case of frogs we have mucus glands
but their purpose is different their
function is to make the skin slimy and
slippery
in case of man again we have hair and
sweat glands they again have a different
purpose altogether here is used for some
extent for protection sweat glands are
used to maintain the internal body
temperature when the external
surrounding temperature is very hot
right so this is how we can you get a
basis of classification so I hope that
this lesson would have helped you in
understanding the concepts of
classifying the variety of degree 1 and
isms exist on this earth and please use
these concepts and as far as remembering
the names are concerned please try to
understand the meaning of each of the
names so that they help you to remember
what actually they are so see you all in
the next list thank you
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