L6 : Hormones - Biology Control & Co-ordination, Science Class 10 Video Lecture

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you can very easily study the endocrine
system because we now know water
endocrine glands so now it is the time
to talk about hormones because hormones
are the chemical substances which are
secreted by the endocrine glands so
let's see what are hormones these are
the chemicals secreted by the endocrine
glands which I already mentioned these
are guided by blood because endocrine
glands they will secrete it directly
into the blood so blood will actually
carry the hormones they are the chemical
messengers no white chemical that we
know because these are chemical
substances now why are they called
messengers messengers means somebody who
carries information from one place to
another right for example a peon who
brings his letter he is considered to be
a messenger because he brings us
information so how are almost messengers
because they can signal or information
from one cell to another that is they
move from one area of the body to
another area so they start moving from
the area of production that means the
area where they got produced by the
endocrine gland and they move into
another area of action area of action
means the area where the target cells
are located now these hormones have got
a very specific behavior that is they
always hit a specific target organ it is
not that the hormones will go and hit
each and every cell of the body they
will hit some specific cells of the body
which are needed to be hit right so
these hormones are therefore called
Spector chemical messengers because they
carry information from one cell to
another so they move from their area of
production to the area of action and
they are carried by blood they act on
specific target organ so they are very
specific in their action as I said so
they will hit only the specific target
sells now how do we know that who are
the target cells now the target cells
will have a cell membrane and these
hormones will be recognized by The
Associated cell membranes by the target
tissues or the receptors so the target
cell will have some receptors on their
membrane they will have some special
molecules who will actually detect the
presence of the hormone now as soon as
they detect the presence of the hormone
they will recognize that information
they will receive that information which
is carried by the hormone let us look at
this example it is supposed install I
was talking about the postman right so
the postman brings us lettuce now let us
suppose the postman got some 100 letters
from the post office so now it is not
that he will go and distribute those 100
letters to any of the hundred houses it
is not like that he has to act on
specific houses how does he know which
are those specific high ad houses with
the help of the address which was
mentioned on the envelope of each letter
so he will go to that specific high
address and then deliver that letter to
that particular house similarly he'll go
to another house and le were that letter
to that particular house now how that
person who is there in the house if let
us suppose the post office took some
other letter and give it to a particular
house so when the person receives the
letter he will check if the addresses is
his own or not if it is somebody else's
address he will return the letter to the
postman saying that this is not my
address right so that is how it happens
here so blood is carrying the hormones
now there are specific target organs on
which the hormone has to act now those
organs will have some molecules on their
bodies called receptors so those
receptors will be able to recognize the
hormone so when the recognizes the
hormone what will they do they will
receive the information which is carried
by the hormones right so that is how the
entire scenario acts so it is somewhat
like this let us suppose if this is
blood the
is the flow of blood these are the
different cells on the body let us
suppose this is a hormone secreting cell
so this is a hormone secreting cell that
means this will produce hormone so let
us suppose it produces some hormones let
us suppose these are the hormones which
are produced by this hormone secreting
set so the hormones are produced
directly into the blood so now this is
the blood so the hormone also starts
moving with the blood now let us suppose
this is another cell and this is a
target cell let us suppose this is the
target cell so if this is the target
cell it will have some receptor
molecules on its surface now as soon as
these hormones reach this way the
receptor molecules will be able to
recognize the hormone so it will receive
the information from the hard one
similarly when some of the hormones keep
on moving in the blood this way again if
this is a target cell which has receptor
molecules it will receive the hormone in
this way so this is how the information
is transmitted from one cell to another
now let us suppose once the information
reaches this cell information also reach
this thing now where will this blood
flow now when we look at the circulatory
system of the body we have talked about
the circulatory system in our previous
lesson right so circulatory system what
does it say it sees that blood flows
throughout our body so now you can
imagine that if some endocrine gland
secreted some hormones so that hormone
is being carried by the blood and blood
is going throughout the body
so that means throughout the body
wherever there are target cells they
will be able to receive that information
so this is how the information is
carried over to different parts of the
body so the transport of hormones will
happen in this fashion so this was a
very simple logic which I try to explain
I mean just to show you that how
hormones flow in
the blood and they are recognized by the
packet sets now once the hormone acts on
the specific target organs they get
destroyed so they get destroyed after
their job is done that means that
hormone will not remain active or it
will not remain alive throughout so each
and every or moon will have a specific
lifespan which is called as half-life
now there are some hormones which have
got very short half-life that means as
soon as they are produced they will do
their job and then get destroyed whereas
there are some other hormones which have
quite long half-life magnets they will
get produced and they will gradually do
their job in over a long period of time
and only after that they will get
destroyed right
so what other information did we gather
about hormones hormones are chemical
substances they carry information from
one part of the body to another
they are secreted by endocrine glands
they are carried by blood they act only
on specific target organs they get
destroyed after their job is done they
should be present in desired quantities
neither more nor less
now the hormones which are secreted by
the glands if too much of our word is
present that is also harmful to the body
if very less hormone is present that is
again harmful to the body let us take an
example now let us take the example of
an endocrine gland of pancreas all of
you know what is pancreas when we were
talking about the digestive system I
spoke about pancreas it is located just
below the stomach
so from pancreas we had that pancreatic
duct which actually carried the enzymes
which I needed for digestion of food you
remember what is pancreas by now okay so
if you don't remember what it is you get
back to your previous lesson and study
the digestive system again so pancreas
is again a gland and the endocrine power
pankley as there is a portion of the
pancreas which secretes hormones and
secrete them into the blood so it craves
a specific hormone called as insulin now
what is the purpose of that hormone
insulin it maintains the glucose level
in blood now blood has so many different
molecules right so blood also contains
glucose
what is glucose glucose is the simplest
form of sugar you can say right because
glucose is a kind of food to all the
cells because all the cells present in
our body they need some fuel they need
some food so they recognize food only in
the form of glucose because glucose is
the simplest form now the purpose of
this hormone insulin is to maintain them
glucose level in blood it does not allow
the level of glucose to increase in
blood so it always tries to keep the
glucose level low right so we have we
are taking one example here so to
understand this we are taking the
example of insulin so insulin is a
hormone which is secreted by the
endocrine gland of pancreas so what is
its purpose
it keeps glucose level low so it reduces
the glucose level in blood now just
imagine a situation where if this
hormone insulin is present in a very
high quantity what will happen if too
much of insulin is present all of that
insulin will try to make the glucose
level low so the glucose level in the
blood will reduce too much now if
glucose level decreases to that extent
what will happen cells need glucose
right because cells also need food
because inside the cells also cellular
oxidation is happening cellular
respiration is happening so for that
they need glucose so if there is lack of
glucose in the blood that will be a
problem for the cells
now if the
and problem you know what will happen to
our body because after all the body is
made up of cells now similarly if the
amount of insulin in the body is very
less if it becomes various then what
will we have what will happen then the
amount of ensuring present will become
insufficient to control the glucose
level because very small amount of
insulin is present so it cannot reduce
the glucose level in blood so the
glucose level in blood will increase and
then what will happen you would have
heard people suffering from diabetes
so when took us but when does a person
suffer from diabetes when the glucose
level in his blood increases what
happens when the glucose level in blood
increases generally the glucose level
increases so much that it flows even
through you lean so even your urine will
have a lot of glucose that time so such
people will tend to gain a lot of weight
whenever they will get hurt their
injuries will not get healed quickly so
it will the healing time will increase a
lot and there will be many other
complications which will arise out of
this disease called diabetes right so
why all these things will happen these
things will happen only when if the
amount of insulin is either too much or
it is too less so that is why it is said
that every hormone should be present
only desired what it is neither very
high normal low so these are some of the
important properties of hormones right
so now you understood water endocrine
glands and water hormones thank you
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