L14 : Respiration types: Anaerobic - Life Processes, Science, Class 10 Video Lecture

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exam now let us look at an aerobic
respiration that means breakdown of food
to release energy in absence of oxygen
so we do not involve oxygen here so here
also let us look at it stepwise so the
first step will again remain the same
that is like pollicis it will occur in
the cytoplasm one molecule of glucose
will get converted into two molecules of
pyruvate letter c6 h-12 o-6 will get
converted into two molecules of pyruvate
so what is pyruvate it is C or oh see oh
see H 3 & 2 ATP molecules will be
produced so the net ATP inches to 8 will
be molecules right now in the next step
so now here we are not going to involve
oxygen now this anaerobic respiration is
not very commonly found it is found only
in certain organisms now the anaerobic
respiration is seen in yeast
what does yeast yeast belongs to the
fungi it is a kind of fungi so in a
fungi it is seen that respiration takes
place in absence of oxygen and anaerobic
respiration in East is known as
fermentation so connotation is the world
which is used for anaerobic respiration
East so what happens there is this
pyruvate which was formed during
glycolysis
is converted into ethanol and for this
conversion it does not need any kind of
cytoplasm it does not need any oxygen
and this takes place in the cytoplasm so
it doesn't happens inside the
mitochondria it happens in the cytoplasm
itself so what happens
pyruvate so pyruvate which was formed in
the previous step which is a 3 carbon
compound it gets converted into ethanol
that a c2h5oh plus co2
less energy
so here this is a two carbon compound so
the three carbon compound is further
reduced to a two carbon compound carbon
dioxide is released and some energy is
also released so the energy which is
released here is then utilized for
different purposes right so that is an
aerobic respiration in east so this is
how the respiration will take place but
here you can see the end compound is
weakened on but in case of aerobic
respiration what was the end compound it
was it was carbon dioxide so in case of
aerobic respiration complete oxidation
was taken case because the products
which you were getting within the
simplest forms right but in this case
you can see that the last product is
ethanol which is a two carbon compound
and on the one carbon compound so here
incomplete oxidation takes place that is
there is more scope of oxidation but it
doesn't take this right okay now other
places at other situations where we see
anaerobic respiration is it is also seen
in some bacterial parasitic worms even
in the human muscle cells so they are
also anaerobic respiration takes place
so what happens there there also it
happens in cytoplasm but then the
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
instead of ethanol so what happens this
pyruvate which is a three carbon
compound in the cytoplasm gets converted
into lactic acid plus energy so what
does lactic acid so the structure of
lactic acid is somewhat like this
so how many Garban compound is acting
acid it is again a three carbon compound
so here also you see that complete
oxidation and not taking place but the
conversion of pyruvate into lactic acid
is also giving out some energy so where
do you see this when do you see this in
the human muscle cells because normally
in human means aerobic respiration takes
place we take in oxygen and in presence
of that oxygen oxidation of food happens
inside the cells of our body but
sometimes it is seen that when a person
does a lot of vigorous exercise so he
needs more and more energy so whenever
you do any kind of physical activity
your energy need increases so in the
muscle cells when you are doing some
exercise sometimes they do not get
sufficient oxygen for aerobic
respiration because in order to generate
energy you need to do respect there the
oxidation of food had to take place
inside now in the muscle cells when you
do not have sufficient oxygen for that
oxidation then this anaerobic
respiration takes place that means the
pyruvate gets converted into lactic acid
and this energy which is released is
then used for that exercise purpose so
that is why sometimes you would have
seen that when people do lot of vigorous
exercise sometimes they tend to have
some pain in their bodies that is due to
the actual relation of these lactic acid
because as this process of anaerobic
respiration is continuing more and more
lactic acid is being formed and it gets
accumulated inside the muscle cells
sometimes they might be give some kind
of pain so these kind of an Olympic
respiration also happens in some
bacterial and parasitic worms so what do
we see in anaerobic respiration the
amount of energy which is released is
very very less when compared to aerobic
respiration in aerobic respiration they
are an almost 36 to 38
molecules of ATP which were produced but
in anaerobic respiration if you see
there are some two molecules of ATP
which are produced which is very nice so
anaerobic respiration leaves a lot of
energy in ethanol or the lactose
molecules that the cell can't use and
must excrete
so as I said before also now when these
prepare an aerobic respiration keeps
happening a lot of one
keeps accumulating similarly in
fermentation a lot of ethanol keeps
accumulating so this anaerobic
respiration actually leaves a lot of
energy that you can all ore in the
lactic acid which the cell can't use and
therefore it needs to be excreted or it
needs to be thrown out of the body right
so I hope with this you got good idea
about aerobic and anaerobic respiration
you understood what are they like so let
us look at the different pathways of
glucose breakdown to release energy so
we saw that there were many different
ways there are many different paths by
which glucose can break down into
simpler forms to release energy so one
way the first thing is glucose has to
convert into pyruvate what is this
the process is glycolysis and this
happens in the cytoplasm of cells right
so first of all the six carbon glucose
has to convert into three carbon
pyruvate and the process is known as
glycolysis and it happens in the
cytoplasm now there are three different
ways by which pyruvate can break down
into simpler molecules releasing a lot
of energy the first is aerobic
restoration first one is aerobic
respiration which happens in presence of
oxygen in that case what happens carbon
dioxide water and a lot of energy is
released so good amount of energy is
released here in this case another
option is anaerobic respiration so in
anaerobic respiration and aerobic there
are two ways again it can either form
lactic acid or it can form a cannot but
in both these cases you see that this
three carbon compound will actually form
when it wants lactic acid it is again
forming a three carbon compound when it
forms a canal it is forming a two carbon
compound right but when it forms carbon
dioxide and
you see it is in the simplest form so in
this case in the of case of aerobic
respiration complete oxidation is
happening but in case of anaerobic
respiration incomplete oxidation is
happening but these are the different
pathways by which breakdown of glucose
to release energy can happen that means
respiration can happen in so many
different ways so let us now
differentiate between aerobic and
anaerobic respiration the first thing
aerobic respiration will happen in
presence of oxygen anaerobic and absence
of oxygen anaerobic respiration complete
oxidation occurs and that is why the end
products are co2 and h2o here incomplete
oxidation occurs and therefore the end
product side two carbon molecule like
ethyl alcohol or three carbon molecule
like lactic acid the net ATP yield in
aerobic respiration is 38 ATP molecules
whereas in anaerobic it is just 2 ATP
molecules so very less amount of energy
is released in case of anaerobic
respiration aerobic respiration of
course in most plants and animals as I
said in most of the leading organisms we
see aerobic respiration only in certain
bacterial worms and human muscle cells
is seen the anaerobic respiration it
also who East a part of aerobic
respiration occurs in cytoplasm rest in
mitochondria as we saw lipolysis occurs
in cytoplasm whereas the krebs cycle and
electron transport occurs in the
mitochondria but in case of anaerobic
respiration the complete process occurs
in the cytoplasm so these are some of
the important differences between
aerobic and anaerobic respiration so so
far we saw that during respiration the
energy which was accumulated in the
accumulated molecules got released
now where do we use this energy which
was released during respiration now
there are a couple of activities which
this energy is actually used for first
is synthesis of larger molecules from
smaller ones examples let us look at
proteins you can see in the picture
right these are proteins
so I mean I'm sure it looks little
complex and that is how they are so
proteins are nothing but they are formed
by too many amino acid acids joined
together so you can say small small
amino acids which join together to form
this larger molecule so now for
formation of larger molecules from
smaller molecules a lot of energy is
needed so the energy which is released
during respiration is used for this
purpose for growth and repair of cells
that means inside our body there are so
many cells so those cells growth of
cells would mean the increase in number
of cells or the increase in size of
cells for that also they need energy are
they for sale gets damaged it needs to
be repaired
even that needs energy so all this
energy is again supplied by respiration
allowing chemical reactions to take
place inside the body we just now saw
right that there were so many chemical
reactions which are actually happening
inside our body
for example respiration itself is a
chemical reaction which is taking place
even during digestion when the enzymes
act on the food particle to digest it so
what is that that is also a kind of
chemical reaction right so for these
chemical reactions to take place also
being eat energy maintain body
temperature for warm-blooded animals
like mammals and birds we have already
discussed about what are warm-blooded
animals in class 9 right so what are
warm-blooded animals those animals which
maintain their body temperature to a
constant value they always try to
maintain can keep their body temperature
constant for example human beings so
this example is again that little
suppose if it is very hot outside
so what should happen it does it doesn't
happen that even our body temperature
increases but what is that a body do our
body tends to lower down the temperature
of our body so what does it do it starts
sweating so when we start sweating
due to the presence of water on our body
we tend to decrease the tabata
temperature that means we don't allow
the our body temperature to be ruled by
the external temperature right so you
always try to keep our temperature kind
of constant but whereas if we look at
reptiles or fishes they are cold blooded
animals that means they take on the
temperature of the surroundings if the
surroundings is very cold their body
temperature is also very good if the
surroundings are very hot their body
temperature also is very hot right so in
order to maintain the body temperature
we need some energy some energy needs to
be converted into this heat energy so
this energy is also supplied by
respiration for a movement of animals
like for example we human beings we move
we run we jump we do all kinds of
physical activities so that also needs
energy which is again supplied by
respiration message transferred through
nerves so when we talk about in this
lesson we are not going to talk about
the nervous system that is the system
which actually tells us how we react to
things for example when we touch
something which is extremely hot we take
our hands back why because our brain
interprets that signal and sees that it
is hot so this transfer of information
through the nerves even this transfer
needs energy so as I said everything
which is happening inside our body
everything needs energy you know right
nothing happens for free in this world
so whatever is happening it needs
something only then it will happen
so what it needs it needs energy and who
will produce this energy the process of
respiration so these are some of the
activities where the energy which is
released during respiration is utilized
muscle movements during vigorous
exercise as we saw in case of anaerobic
respiration when there is too
movements too much of Exeter too much of
energy is needed that is where we say
that plants need lesser energy when
compared to and worse that's because
plants do not move from one place to
another so a lot of energy saved there
whereas animals keep moving from one
place to another they run and they jump
they walk so all these things need extra
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