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Fun Video: Entropy and Spontaneity, Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity Video Lecture - JEE
FAQs on Fun Video: Entropy and Spontaneity, Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity Video Lecture - JEE
| 1. What is entropy and how does it relate to spontaneity in chemical reactions? |  |
Ans. Entropy is a measure of the randomness or disorder in a system. In the context of chemical reactions, it is a key factor in determining the spontaneity of a reaction. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases for a spontaneous process. In other words, if the overall entropy change of a reaction is positive, the reaction is spontaneous.
| 2. How is Gibbs free energy related to spontaneity in chemical reactions? | |
Ans. Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is a thermodynamic parameter that combines both enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) changes in a system. A negative ΔG value indicates that a reaction is spontaneous, while a positive ΔG value indicates a non-spontaneous reaction. The relationship between ΔG and spontaneity is given by the equation: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where T is the temperature in Kelvin. If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous at that temperature.
| 3. Can a reaction with a positive entropy change be spontaneous? | |
Ans. Yes, a reaction with a positive entropy change (ΔS > 0) can still be spontaneous if the enthalpy change (ΔH) is negative enough to compensate for the increase in entropy. The spontaneity of a reaction depends on the overall balance between enthalpy and entropy changes. If the enthalpy change is highly exothermic (negative) and the increase in entropy is significant, the reaction can still be spontaneous.
| 4. How does temperature affect the spontaneity of a reaction? | |
Ans. Temperature plays a crucial role in determining the spontaneity of a reaction. As the temperature increases, the significance of the entropy term (TΔS) in the Gibbs free energy equation increases. A reaction with a positive entropy change (ΔS > 0) can become spontaneous at higher temperatures, even if it is non-spontaneous at lower temperatures. Similarly, a reaction with a negative entropy change (ΔS < 0) can become non-spontaneous at higher temperatures.
| 5. Can the spontaneity of a reaction be influenced by external factors other than temperature? | |
Ans. Yes, the spontaneity of a reaction can be influenced by factors other than temperature. Pressure, concentration, and the presence of catalysts can all affect the spontaneity of a reaction. Changes in pressure can alter the volume and hence the entropy of the system, influencing the overall spontaneity. Changes in concentration can affect the reaction's equilibrium, leading to changes in the spontaneity. Catalysts can provide an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy, making the reaction more favorable and spontaneous.
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