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Stress-Strain Curve Video Lecture - JEE
FAQs on Stress-Strain Curve
| 1. What is a stress-strain curve? |  |
Ans. A stress-strain curve is a graphical representation that shows the relationship between the stress (force per unit area) applied to a material and the resulting strain (deformation) experienced by the material. It provides insights into the material's mechanical properties, such as its strength, elasticity, and ductility.
| 2. How is a stress-strain curve obtained? | |
Ans. To obtain a stress-strain curve, a material sample is subjected to incremental levels of stress, and the corresponding strain is measured. The stress is typically applied using a testing machine, such as a universal testing machine, while the strain is measured using strain gauges or extensometers. The obtained stress and strain values are then plotted on a graph to create the stress-strain curve.
| 3. What are the regions on a stress-strain curve? | |
Ans. A stress-strain curve generally consists of three distinct regions: elastic region, yield region, and plastic region. In the elastic region, the material exhibits linear behavior, and upon the removal of stress, it returns to its original shape without any permanent deformation. The yield region is where the material undergoes significant plastic deformation without a significant increase in stress. Finally, in the plastic region, the material experiences a non-linear increase in strain with increasing stress, indicating permanent deformation.
| 4. What does the slope of a stress-strain curve represent? | |
Ans. The slope of a stress-strain curve represents the material's stiffness or Young's modulus. In the elastic region, the slope is constant and provides information about the material's ability to resist deformation. A steeper slope indicates a stiffer material, while a flatter slope indicates a more flexible material.
| 5. How can the stress-strain curve be used to determine a material's strength? | |
Ans. The stress-strain curve can be used to determine a material's strength by analyzing the highest point on the curve, known as the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). The UTS represents the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure. By identifying the UTS from the stress-strain curve, engineers and scientists can assess the material's ability to withstand external forces and design structures accordingly.
Text Transcript from Video
hello friends this video on mechanical
properties of solid part 5 is brought to
you by exam few dot-com no more fear
from example please make sure that you
have watched all the videos from part 1
to part 4 before going ahead with part 5
stress-strain curve as the mean what do
you think it would be as the name
suggests a curve which is drawn between
stress and strain right let us look at
it so we have taken stress along y axis
and strain along x axis this is a very
general stress-strain curve which is
which is seen for most of the materials
for most of the materials like in the
previous slide you saw that we draw we
had drawn a stress strain curve where
the line was perfectly linear
so that was an ideal situation of Hookes
law so that is how it should happen
ideally but when you actually do
experiments with substances which are
even lastic or plastic and try to draw
the stress-strain curve most of the
times you get a curve something of this
sort I mean here we have taken a curve
of the shot and we will explain you what
does this curve signify what does each
of the portions of the curve signify so
that if you want to find out the
characteristics of some other material
you can just experiment you find out the
data and then draw stress-strain curve
and spewing that stress-strain curve you
can tell about the characteristics of
that particular material so here I will
just explain in Walters this is a very
general curve a general stress-strain
curve we have taken two just to explain
you what does it represent how into the
kind of curve you see that it starts
from the origin that is all okay now let
me name this curve so that
I can divide this total tire curve into
small parts and then explain you each of
the parts if you see it very carefully
from this point Oh at this point a it is
a straight line from A to B it is not a
stray and it is a slight curve but it is
increasing slight curve but increasing
so let me name it B now if you see from
B to this point it is a curve again but
it is a decreasing curve so let us say
this point is C now from say if you see
from see this point it is again it's
kind of a straight line from C to this
point let us say this point is D and
then if you see from D to this end point
it is again a decreasing curve now these
are the 1 2 3 4 5 types of curves which
we see in a single graph so now I will
explain you what does o2o a signifies
wonders a BBC CD and B respectively
single file now let us start with Oh a
from point O to a the straight line
signifies that the Hookes law is obeyed
if you see in the previous slide this is
how the hoops Locker was you forget
about the rest of the curve you just
concentrate on motivate it is a straight
line which shows that stress and strain
are directly proportional to each other
the Hookes law is obeyed that means the
material behaves like an elastic body so
in this region o to a the material
behaves like elastic body so what about
a to B if you see a to b stress not
proportional to strain right if you see
here it was something like the stress
was directly proportional to strain as
stress increases string there also
increased equally but here it is not
like that if you see it is a non-uniform
curve right that means the way stress
increases is
depending on how strain is increasing so
it is not directly proportional however
the body still comes back to its
original form
with the forces remove that means here
also it is not that the body is
perfectly elastic but still it exhibits
the elastic properties that means even
in this region if the body is in this
region if you deform the body if you
change its shape it will come back to
its original shape after the force is
removed so this region from o to ay was
perfectly elastic when Hookes law is
perfectly evaded from A to B they are
not directly proportional to each other
but however they exhibit certain elastic
properties now this point B now this
point B this point B is known as the
hidden point or elastic limit we were
talking about elastic limit in the
statement of Hookes law so this is
elastic limit this is also known as
yield point now what is elastic limit
means this is the point till which the
substance will remain elastic it will
have elastic behaviour so if you see
from all the way it is perfectly elastic
from A to B however not perfectly
elastic but still it exhibits elastic
properties so B is the elastic limit or
sometimes it is also known as
needlepoint and those and the stress
corresponding to this point B is known
as the elastic stress so what is the
stress corresponding to point B if you
join it so the value of stress
corresponding to four point degree is
this it is denoted by Sigma Y so this is
your even given strength so this stress
is gone as yield strength is let me
write it this Sigma bi is known as yield
strength that means the stress the value
of stress corresponding to the elastic
limit
is known as unit strength that means
this is the maximum value of stress in
which the substances elastic okay now
let us move to the next fact now if you
see from point B to point B point D what
happens we see that strain increases
rapidly for small stress that means from
B to D you see that strain is increasing
but the increase in stress is more it is
increasing more rapidly that is stress
the way stresses and if you see the
stress has increased from this point B
to point E
that means only this much there is only
this much increase in stress if you see
this distance is the increase in stress
but what is the increase in strain if
you see the increase in strain is from
this point is this point which is more
than that of stress right so definitely
this increase is more than this in place
so we say that from point B to B the
strain increases rapidly even for a
small change in stress that means if the
stress is increased slightly the
increase in strain is more so in this
case what happens even if the load is
removed at any point between B and D the
body does not regain its original
dimension that means see what happens
try to understand this very nicely
suppose if you give a small stress you
give a small stress and the strain
produced was bold train produced was
more means the deformation in the body
is more right strain is nothing but a
measure of deformation that is you
slightly pushed a ball and the boy
changed its shape or the oil changed its
ship very enormous Li I mean I mean
there was a big change in its shape
right so in that situation what happens
if you remove that force which you had
applied in that case also the ball does
not come
back into its original shape because it
had undergone a major change this change
which had taken gains this goal so in
this case what happens the body does not
regain its original shape or original
dimension even after the forces removed
so in this case if stress even if stress
is equal to zero strain is not equal to
zero that means let us suppose you have
stretched if you stretched some material
you stretched and in some rod which is
not elastic right you stretched it you
left it
you remove the force the that particular
rod did not come back to its original
shape that means even when the stress is
zero because when there is no external
force applied there will be no stress
produced so even though the stress was
zero in this case but the strain is not
zero because the body has already
changed its shape that means there is a
deformation whenever there is a
deformation there is a strain so even
though the stress is zero the strain is
not zero so this area signifies that
even if stress is zero that does not
mean that strain may be zero stress tank
is zero
that means you are not applying any
force but even then there is a strain
which is produced in the body so in this
case we say that the material is said to
be in permanent set I mean in this
region in b2b we see that the material
has undergone plastic deformation so in
this region we say that the material has
undergone plastic deformation
so this b2b is plastic deformation
plastic deformation for this manner now
let us look at the position from D to e
what happens from D to B in PD what
happens is additional strain is produced
even with reduced stress if you see it
carefully here the stress is decreasing
the stress decreased from D to e that
means this much it'll be Princeton so
the decrease in stress caused an
increase in strain but the strain
increased from here to here that means
even though the stress decreased the
strain the strain even then increased
right so what is this point decoyed this
point D is known as the ultimate tensile
strength this is called ultimate this
point D corresponds to act like what I
had told before the point corresponding
to the yield point is the yield strength
the point corresponding to this point B
this is delight so let us say Sigma G so
this Sigma U is ultimate tensile
strength it is ultimate tensile strength
this is the ultimate tensile strength
that means after this the body starts
breaking down because if you see after
this the strain keeps increasing even
when you decrease the stress right so
beyond the additional strain is produced
even with reduced stress so what so
finally what happens after this finally
at Point E fracture occurs so at Point E
finally there will be fracture that what
you mean by fracture of occurs fracture
of the streets that the body breaks down
so it now I hope you got an
understanding of how do we get this
curve let us understand it once again if
you say from all the way it just obeys
Hookes law it is perfectly elastic from
A to B stress is not directly
proportional to strain however the body
still exits exhibits some elastic
properties so till going to believe the
body is within elastic limit so point B
is known as the elastic limit or the
endpoint and the corresponding value of
stress is called yield strength now from
point B to point D we observe that the
value of stress even for a small change
in stress the strain increases that is
the increase in strain is more than
compared to the increase in stress so in
this scenario what happens if the body
is deformed even after the force is
removed it does not come back to its
original shape so this region is the
region of plastic deformation so for
point B there is a corresponding stress
which is known as the ultimate tensile
strength that means this is the ultimate
strength that the body
yeah after point D the strain keeps
increasing even with decreased stress
that means even with decreased force it
keeps increasing and finally at Point E
which is known as structure that is at
point B find any fracture occurs right
so this is how we explain the
stress-strain curve now the significance
of stress-strain curve is that by seeing
the stress-strain curve you can depict
the characteristics of a material like
let us suppose if you have an elastic
material so for an elastic material this
elastic region will be more and the
plastic region would this one similarly
if you have a plastic material so-called
plastic material the elastic region will
be very small whereas the plastic region
would be mined thank you please visit
exam few calm to watch free educational
videos try free online tests get the
best quality study materials study from
the best tutors and mentors and much
more thank you once again
properties of solid part 5 is brought to
you by exam few dot-com no more fear
from example please make sure that you
have watched all the videos from part 1
to part 4 before going ahead with part 5
stress-strain curve as the mean what do
you think it would be as the name
suggests a curve which is drawn between
stress and strain right let us look at
it so we have taken stress along y axis
and strain along x axis this is a very
general stress-strain curve which is
which is seen for most of the materials
for most of the materials like in the
previous slide you saw that we draw we
had drawn a stress strain curve where
the line was perfectly linear
so that was an ideal situation of Hookes
law so that is how it should happen
ideally but when you actually do
experiments with substances which are
even lastic or plastic and try to draw
the stress-strain curve most of the
times you get a curve something of this
sort I mean here we have taken a curve
of the shot and we will explain you what
does this curve signify what does each
of the portions of the curve signify so
that if you want to find out the
characteristics of some other material
you can just experiment you find out the
data and then draw stress-strain curve
and spewing that stress-strain curve you
can tell about the characteristics of
that particular material so here I will
just explain in Walters this is a very
general curve a general stress-strain
curve we have taken two just to explain
you what does it represent how into the
kind of curve you see that it starts
from the origin that is all okay now let
me name this curve so that
I can divide this total tire curve into
small parts and then explain you each of
the parts if you see it very carefully
from this point Oh at this point a it is
a straight line from A to B it is not a
stray and it is a slight curve but it is
increasing slight curve but increasing
so let me name it B now if you see from
B to this point it is a curve again but
it is a decreasing curve so let us say
this point is C now from say if you see
from see this point it is again it's
kind of a straight line from C to this
point let us say this point is D and
then if you see from D to this end point
it is again a decreasing curve now these
are the 1 2 3 4 5 types of curves which
we see in a single graph so now I will
explain you what does o2o a signifies
wonders a BBC CD and B respectively
single file now let us start with Oh a
from point O to a the straight line
signifies that the Hookes law is obeyed
if you see in the previous slide this is
how the hoops Locker was you forget
about the rest of the curve you just
concentrate on motivate it is a straight
line which shows that stress and strain
are directly proportional to each other
the Hookes law is obeyed that means the
material behaves like an elastic body so
in this region o to a the material
behaves like elastic body so what about
a to B if you see a to b stress not
proportional to strain right if you see
here it was something like the stress
was directly proportional to strain as
stress increases string there also
increased equally but here it is not
like that if you see it is a non-uniform
curve right that means the way stress
increases is
depending on how strain is increasing so
it is not directly proportional however
the body still comes back to its
original form
with the forces remove that means here
also it is not that the body is
perfectly elastic but still it exhibits
the elastic properties that means even
in this region if the body is in this
region if you deform the body if you
change its shape it will come back to
its original shape after the force is
removed so this region from o to ay was
perfectly elastic when Hookes law is
perfectly evaded from A to B they are
not directly proportional to each other
but however they exhibit certain elastic
properties now this point B now this
point B this point B is known as the
hidden point or elastic limit we were
talking about elastic limit in the
statement of Hookes law so this is
elastic limit this is also known as
yield point now what is elastic limit
means this is the point till which the
substance will remain elastic it will
have elastic behaviour so if you see
from all the way it is perfectly elastic
from A to B however not perfectly
elastic but still it exhibits elastic
properties so B is the elastic limit or
sometimes it is also known as
needlepoint and those and the stress
corresponding to this point B is known
as the elastic stress so what is the
stress corresponding to point B if you
join it so the value of stress
corresponding to four point degree is
this it is denoted by Sigma Y so this is
your even given strength so this stress
is gone as yield strength is let me
write it this Sigma bi is known as yield
strength that means the stress the value
of stress corresponding to the elastic
limit
is known as unit strength that means
this is the maximum value of stress in
which the substances elastic okay now
let us move to the next fact now if you
see from point B to point B point D what
happens we see that strain increases
rapidly for small stress that means from
B to D you see that strain is increasing
but the increase in stress is more it is
increasing more rapidly that is stress
the way stresses and if you see the
stress has increased from this point B
to point E
that means only this much there is only
this much increase in stress if you see
this distance is the increase in stress
but what is the increase in strain if
you see the increase in strain is from
this point is this point which is more
than that of stress right so definitely
this increase is more than this in place
so we say that from point B to B the
strain increases rapidly even for a
small change in stress that means if the
stress is increased slightly the
increase in strain is more so in this
case what happens even if the load is
removed at any point between B and D the
body does not regain its original
dimension that means see what happens
try to understand this very nicely
suppose if you give a small stress you
give a small stress and the strain
produced was bold train produced was
more means the deformation in the body
is more right strain is nothing but a
measure of deformation that is you
slightly pushed a ball and the boy
changed its shape or the oil changed its
ship very enormous Li I mean I mean
there was a big change in its shape
right so in that situation what happens
if you remove that force which you had
applied in that case also the ball does
not come
back into its original shape because it
had undergone a major change this change
which had taken gains this goal so in
this case what happens the body does not
regain its original shape or original
dimension even after the forces removed
so in this case if stress even if stress
is equal to zero strain is not equal to
zero that means let us suppose you have
stretched if you stretched some material
you stretched and in some rod which is
not elastic right you stretched it you
left it
you remove the force the that particular
rod did not come back to its original
shape that means even when the stress is
zero because when there is no external
force applied there will be no stress
produced so even though the stress was
zero in this case but the strain is not
zero because the body has already
changed its shape that means there is a
deformation whenever there is a
deformation there is a strain so even
though the stress is zero the strain is
not zero so this area signifies that
even if stress is zero that does not
mean that strain may be zero stress tank
is zero
that means you are not applying any
force but even then there is a strain
which is produced in the body so in this
case we say that the material is said to
be in permanent set I mean in this
region in b2b we see that the material
has undergone plastic deformation so in
this region we say that the material has
undergone plastic deformation
so this b2b is plastic deformation
plastic deformation for this manner now
let us look at the position from D to e
what happens from D to B in PD what
happens is additional strain is produced
even with reduced stress if you see it
carefully here the stress is decreasing
the stress decreased from D to e that
means this much it'll be Princeton so
the decrease in stress caused an
increase in strain but the strain
increased from here to here that means
even though the stress decreased the
strain the strain even then increased
right so what is this point decoyed this
point D is known as the ultimate tensile
strength this is called ultimate this
point D corresponds to act like what I
had told before the point corresponding
to the yield point is the yield strength
the point corresponding to this point B
this is delight so let us say Sigma G so
this Sigma U is ultimate tensile
strength it is ultimate tensile strength
this is the ultimate tensile strength
that means after this the body starts
breaking down because if you see after
this the strain keeps increasing even
when you decrease the stress right so
beyond the additional strain is produced
even with reduced stress so what so
finally what happens after this finally
at Point E fracture occurs so at Point E
finally there will be fracture that what
you mean by fracture of occurs fracture
of the streets that the body breaks down
so it now I hope you got an
understanding of how do we get this
curve let us understand it once again if
you say from all the way it just obeys
Hookes law it is perfectly elastic from
A to B stress is not directly
proportional to strain however the body
still exits exhibits some elastic
properties so till going to believe the
body is within elastic limit so point B
is known as the elastic limit or the
endpoint and the corresponding value of
stress is called yield strength now from
point B to point D we observe that the
value of stress even for a small change
in stress the strain increases that is
the increase in strain is more than
compared to the increase in stress so in
this scenario what happens if the body
is deformed even after the force is
removed it does not come back to its
original shape so this region is the
region of plastic deformation so for
point B there is a corresponding stress
which is known as the ultimate tensile
strength that means this is the ultimate
strength that the body
yeah after point D the strain keeps
increasing even with decreased stress
that means even with decreased force it
keeps increasing and finally at Point E
which is known as structure that is at
point B find any fracture occurs right
so this is how we explain the
stress-strain curve now the significance
of stress-strain curve is that by seeing
the stress-strain curve you can depict
the characteristics of a material like
let us suppose if you have an elastic
material so for an elastic material this
elastic region will be more and the
plastic region would this one similarly
if you have a plastic material so-called
plastic material the elastic region will
be very small whereas the plastic region
would be mined thank you please visit
exam few calm to watch free educational
videos try free online tests get the
best quality study materials study from
the best tutors and mentors and much
more thank you once again
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Apr 20, 2026 Last updated
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