JAMB Exam > JAMB Videos > Physics for JAMB > Magnetic Dip
Magnetic Dip Video Lecture | Physics for JAMB
FAQs on Magnetic Dip Video Lecture - Physics for JAMB
| 1. What is magnetic dip? |  |
Ans. Magnetic dip, also known as magnetic inclination, is the angle made by a magnetic needle, such as a compass, with the horizontal plane at a specific location on Earth. It indicates the tilt of the Earth's magnetic field lines relative to the surface.
| 2. How is magnetic dip measured? | |
Ans. Magnetic dip is measured using an instrument called a dip circle or dip meter. The dip circle consists of a horizontal bar with a magnetic needle attached to one end and a graduated arc or circle. By aligning the needle with the Earth's magnetic field and measuring the angle it makes with the horizontal, the magnetic dip can be determined.
| 3. What factors affect magnetic dip? | |
Ans. Several factors can influence magnetic dip, including the location on Earth, the latitude, and the geomagnetic activity. Magnetic dip tends to decrease as one moves towards the magnetic poles and increases as one moves towards the equator. Geomagnetic disturbances, such as solar storms, can also temporarily affect magnetic dip.
| 4. Why is magnetic dip important? | |
Ans. Magnetic dip is important in various fields, including navigation, geology, and physics. It helps in determining the direction and strength of the Earth's magnetic field at a specific location. It is particularly crucial for accurate compass navigation, as it allows for proper orientation and course plotting.
| 5. How does magnetic dip vary across the globe? | |
Ans. Magnetic dip varies across the globe due to the Earth's magnetic field being non-uniform. At the magnetic poles, the dip is nearly 90 degrees, meaning the field lines are pointing directly into the ground. As one moves towards the equator, the dip decreases, reaching its lowest value (0 degrees) at the magnetic equator.
Text Transcript from Video
hello friends this video on matter and
magnetism part 15 is brought to you by
exam few dot-com no more fear from exam
please make sure that you have watched
all the videos to the part 14 before
going ahead with part 15 now let us go
to the second magnetic element that is
the magnetic tip magnetic tip is also
sometimes known as the magnetic
inclination and it is the angle that the
total magnetic field of the earth meets
with the surface of the earth so till
now we were talking about the vertical
reference so that is the acts that I
mean when we were talking about magnetic
declination what was our reference with
what we were measuring the angle it was
the axis which joins the true geographic
north with the true geographic South
right so that was our reference and then
we were keeping the compass and we were
comparing the direction shown by the
compass with that axis which joins the
true mod and result in this case my
reference axis would be the surface of
the earth what we will do we will place
the compass and we will see the
deviation or the direction which the
Compassion's with respect to the surface
of the earth that means imagine this in
a three dimensional way your magnetic
compass needle it deflects not only in
one plane it is deflecting in two
different planes that means it is
deflecting horizontally as well as it is
deflecting up and down that means the
needle also has some vertical component
that is it can move up and down as well
so when you place the needle anywhere on
the surface of the earth and everywhere
there is a component along the surface
of the earth so the total magnetic field
of the earth this is given shown by the
needle so the deflection of the magnetic
needle with respect to the surface of
the earth that is known as the
I did it is generally termed as the
inclination and denoted by a capital I
so when I talk about inclination we can
understand it better in this way let us
suppose that the red dot shows us the
point where we place my magnetic needle
right it is suppose this is where I
place my magnetic needle now what is the
direction of the surface of the earth
this is the surface of the earth the
yellow line shows the surface of the
earth now what is the deflection that
the needle will show the needle will
always point from north to south
direction now in the when I place the
needle here the needle will point
towards the south direction in the
direction of the magnetic field right so
the needle will point along the magnetic
field magnetic lines sort let us suppose
this is my magnetic lines of force if I
place the needle here the where will the
needle point the needle will point like
this if I place the needle here the
needle will point like this if I place
the needle here it will point like this
so as I keep changing the position of
the needle it will point to the
direction along the direction of
magnetic field because that magnetic
field line is also going from north to
south so this angle is nothing but the
angle of dip that is the magnetic tip
that means the angle between the
direction given by the magnetic needle
with respect to the surface of the earth
so in the previous case it was the
direction given by the magnetic needle
with respect to the true north south
direction right so these two are two
different things when when we are
talking about true not south direction
it is talking about one component when
we are talking about the comparison with
horizontal surface of the earth it is
another component because we need a
three dimension def three dimensional
description is define the magnetic field
of the earth at any point because the
needle will deviate horizontally the
needle will also deviate vertically
because it is a three dimensional
today so magnetic inclination will tell
us the location of the magnetic north
and south hole with respect to the two
mods Pole and South Pole magnetic dip
will tell us the direction of the
magnetic field with respect to the
surface of the earth so how this
magnetic dip will also change as we
change the position for example in case
of magnetic dip if you look at it now
let us if we take the magnetic needle
somewhere here in this case what happens
this yellow line is the surface of the
earth but in this case the needle will
point somewhat like this if you look at
this magnetic line of force
I mean magnetic field line so it is
pointing like this so in this case if
you see your angle of BIP increased I
mean your magnetic dick increased so
similar name so when we reach here that
is almost bigger than magnetic poles we
see that this angle of de for the
magnetic tip it becomes almost 90-degree
similarly that is why at magnetic poles
at this 90 degree now we come when we
come down to equator now when we come
down to equator if you see the yellow
line that is the surface of the earth
and the direction given by your compass
they are both parallel so the angle
between them is 0 degree so at magnetic
equator the magnetic tip becomes 0 so at
equator the magnetic tip is 0 and as we
go up the poles it becomes 90 degree so
what do we conclude from the these two
slides that activated the magnetic tip
as well as the magnetic deeply
declination both are very small that is
why at the equator though there is not
much distinction between magnetic north
and geographic not they both are almost
the same okay so so I hope you
understood what is magnetic declination
and what is magnetic dip and how do they
vary from equator to poles all right now
let us look at the third element that is
the horizontal component
so from this we conclude that magnetic
dick is different at different places on
earth surface because obviously it will
differ right because I've got different
places on the Earth's surface the
direction of Earth's surface will also
change right and the direct direction
given by the magnetic needle will also
change
therefore the dip will also change so
let us now look at the third component
that is the horizontal component
horizontal component is nothing but the
horizontal component of the Earth's
total magnetic field at any point so
what do I mean by Earth's total magnetic
field it is nothing but the total
magnetic field given by my come past
this one this yellow lines they they
were nothing but the horizontal surface
of the earth whereas the blue lines
represented the magnet total magnetic
field of the earth as given by the
magnetic compass needle so the
horizontal component of this blue lines
is known as the horizontal component of
the earth right because this blue lines
represent the total magnetic field of
the earth so it will have a horizontal
component and a vertical component so
this horizontal and vertical component
will be referred as the I mean will can
be defined in this way for example let
us suppose the blue lines represented in
the last diagram is the total magnetic
field of the earth which we denote as B
D or we denote it as B let us say so
this B will have a horizontal component
and this will also have a vertical
component so let us suppose I denote the
horizontal component as Hg and the
vertical component has said e so we can
write down that the horizontal component
will be equal to B cos I and the
vertical component as B sine I because
if you look at this figure you can say
that this is my B and this is my Adam
right so if I talk about the horizontal
component of the earth it would be this
component along this yellow line and if
I talk about the vertical
opponent it won't be this component
right so if this is B then this would be
because I am this would be B Saye 9 that
means this would be the horizontal
component of the earth and this would be
the vertical component of the earth
right so this horizontal component earth
is the third magnetic element so from
this we can also write let us say this
is equation 1 and this is equation 2 so
now if you divide equation 2 by equation
1 you will get tan i is equal to z e
divided by HD right so these three
elements when taken together that is the
magnetic declination magnetic dip and
horizontal component of Earth's magnetic
field these three things taken together
will define completely the direction as
well as magnitude of the total magnetic
field of the earth at any point at any
point if you know that declination
inclination as well as horizontal
component you can perfectly define them
total magnetic field of the earth right
so I hope that I am able to explain you
these three components because it is not
very easy to just read it in your
textbooks and understand what it is so
that is why I gave you this diagram
because I think this diagram would have
helped you to understand the horizontal
and vertical components of the Earth's
magnetic field the magnetic dip as well
as the magnetic declination which I
explained you in the previous length
right thank you please visit exam few
calm to watch free educational videos
try free online tests get the best
quality study materials study from the
best tutors and mentors and much more
thank you once again
magnetism part 15 is brought to you by
exam few dot-com no more fear from exam
please make sure that you have watched
all the videos to the part 14 before
going ahead with part 15 now let us go
to the second magnetic element that is
the magnetic tip magnetic tip is also
sometimes known as the magnetic
inclination and it is the angle that the
total magnetic field of the earth meets
with the surface of the earth so till
now we were talking about the vertical
reference so that is the acts that I
mean when we were talking about magnetic
declination what was our reference with
what we were measuring the angle it was
the axis which joins the true geographic
north with the true geographic South
right so that was our reference and then
we were keeping the compass and we were
comparing the direction shown by the
compass with that axis which joins the
true mod and result in this case my
reference axis would be the surface of
the earth what we will do we will place
the compass and we will see the
deviation or the direction which the
Compassion's with respect to the surface
of the earth that means imagine this in
a three dimensional way your magnetic
compass needle it deflects not only in
one plane it is deflecting in two
different planes that means it is
deflecting horizontally as well as it is
deflecting up and down that means the
needle also has some vertical component
that is it can move up and down as well
so when you place the needle anywhere on
the surface of the earth and everywhere
there is a component along the surface
of the earth so the total magnetic field
of the earth this is given shown by the
needle so the deflection of the magnetic
needle with respect to the surface of
the earth that is known as the
I did it is generally termed as the
inclination and denoted by a capital I
so when I talk about inclination we can
understand it better in this way let us
suppose that the red dot shows us the
point where we place my magnetic needle
right it is suppose this is where I
place my magnetic needle now what is the
direction of the surface of the earth
this is the surface of the earth the
yellow line shows the surface of the
earth now what is the deflection that
the needle will show the needle will
always point from north to south
direction now in the when I place the
needle here the needle will point
towards the south direction in the
direction of the magnetic field right so
the needle will point along the magnetic
field magnetic lines sort let us suppose
this is my magnetic lines of force if I
place the needle here the where will the
needle point the needle will point like
this if I place the needle here the
needle will point like this if I place
the needle here it will point like this
so as I keep changing the position of
the needle it will point to the
direction along the direction of
magnetic field because that magnetic
field line is also going from north to
south so this angle is nothing but the
angle of dip that is the magnetic tip
that means the angle between the
direction given by the magnetic needle
with respect to the surface of the earth
so in the previous case it was the
direction given by the magnetic needle
with respect to the true north south
direction right so these two are two
different things when when we are
talking about true not south direction
it is talking about one component when
we are talking about the comparison with
horizontal surface of the earth it is
another component because we need a
three dimension def three dimensional
description is define the magnetic field
of the earth at any point because the
needle will deviate horizontally the
needle will also deviate vertically
because it is a three dimensional
today so magnetic inclination will tell
us the location of the magnetic north
and south hole with respect to the two
mods Pole and South Pole magnetic dip
will tell us the direction of the
magnetic field with respect to the
surface of the earth so how this
magnetic dip will also change as we
change the position for example in case
of magnetic dip if you look at it now
let us if we take the magnetic needle
somewhere here in this case what happens
this yellow line is the surface of the
earth but in this case the needle will
point somewhat like this if you look at
this magnetic line of force
I mean magnetic field line so it is
pointing like this so in this case if
you see your angle of BIP increased I
mean your magnetic dick increased so
similar name so when we reach here that
is almost bigger than magnetic poles we
see that this angle of de for the
magnetic tip it becomes almost 90-degree
similarly that is why at magnetic poles
at this 90 degree now we come when we
come down to equator now when we come
down to equator if you see the yellow
line that is the surface of the earth
and the direction given by your compass
they are both parallel so the angle
between them is 0 degree so at magnetic
equator the magnetic tip becomes 0 so at
equator the magnetic tip is 0 and as we
go up the poles it becomes 90 degree so
what do we conclude from the these two
slides that activated the magnetic tip
as well as the magnetic deeply
declination both are very small that is
why at the equator though there is not
much distinction between magnetic north
and geographic not they both are almost
the same okay so so I hope you
understood what is magnetic declination
and what is magnetic dip and how do they
vary from equator to poles all right now
let us look at the third element that is
the horizontal component
so from this we conclude that magnetic
dick is different at different places on
earth surface because obviously it will
differ right because I've got different
places on the Earth's surface the
direction of Earth's surface will also
change right and the direct direction
given by the magnetic needle will also
change
therefore the dip will also change so
let us now look at the third component
that is the horizontal component
horizontal component is nothing but the
horizontal component of the Earth's
total magnetic field at any point so
what do I mean by Earth's total magnetic
field it is nothing but the total
magnetic field given by my come past
this one this yellow lines they they
were nothing but the horizontal surface
of the earth whereas the blue lines
represented the magnet total magnetic
field of the earth as given by the
magnetic compass needle so the
horizontal component of this blue lines
is known as the horizontal component of
the earth right because this blue lines
represent the total magnetic field of
the earth so it will have a horizontal
component and a vertical component so
this horizontal and vertical component
will be referred as the I mean will can
be defined in this way for example let
us suppose the blue lines represented in
the last diagram is the total magnetic
field of the earth which we denote as B
D or we denote it as B let us say so
this B will have a horizontal component
and this will also have a vertical
component so let us suppose I denote the
horizontal component as Hg and the
vertical component has said e so we can
write down that the horizontal component
will be equal to B cos I and the
vertical component as B sine I because
if you look at this figure you can say
that this is my B and this is my Adam
right so if I talk about the horizontal
component of the earth it would be this
component along this yellow line and if
I talk about the vertical
opponent it won't be this component
right so if this is B then this would be
because I am this would be B Saye 9 that
means this would be the horizontal
component of the earth and this would be
the vertical component of the earth
right so this horizontal component earth
is the third magnetic element so from
this we can also write let us say this
is equation 1 and this is equation 2 so
now if you divide equation 2 by equation
1 you will get tan i is equal to z e
divided by HD right so these three
elements when taken together that is the
magnetic declination magnetic dip and
horizontal component of Earth's magnetic
field these three things taken together
will define completely the direction as
well as magnitude of the total magnetic
field of the earth at any point at any
point if you know that declination
inclination as well as horizontal
component you can perfectly define them
total magnetic field of the earth right
so I hope that I am able to explain you
these three components because it is not
very easy to just read it in your
textbooks and understand what it is so
that is why I gave you this diagram
because I think this diagram would have
helped you to understand the horizontal
and vertical components of the Earth's
magnetic field the magnetic dip as well
as the magnetic declination which I
explained you in the previous length
right thank you please visit exam few
calm to watch free educational videos
try free online tests get the best
quality study materials study from the
best tutors and mentors and much more
thank you once again
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Sep 06, 2025
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