NEET Exam > NEET Videos > Biology Class 12 > Introduction to DNA & RNA
Introduction to DNA & RNA Video Lecture | Biology Class 12 - NEET
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FAQs on Introduction to DNA & RNA Video Lecture - Biology Class 12 - NEET
| 1. What is DNA and RNA? |  |
Ans. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are nucleic acids that play crucial roles in the storage and transmission of genetic information in living organisms. DNA is a double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms. RNA, on the other hand, is a single-stranded molecule that assists in protein synthesis by transferring the genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.
| 2. How do DNA and RNA differ from each other? | |
Ans. DNA and RNA differ in several aspects. Firstly, DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded. Secondly, DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. Additionally, DNA uses the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), whereas RNA uses adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). Lastly, DNA is located in the nucleus of a cell, while RNA can be found in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm.
| 3. What are the functions of DNA and RNA? | |
Ans. The main function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information. It contains the instructions for the formation of proteins and other molecules necessary for the development and functioning of an organism. RNA, on the other hand, has various roles. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.
| 4. How is DNA replicated? | |
Ans. DNA replication is a process in which a DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. It occurs during the interphase stage of the cell cycle. The process involves the unwinding of the DNA double helix, separation of the strands by the enzyme helicase, and the synthesis of new complementary strands using DNA polymerase. Each resulting DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand, a process known as semi-conservative replication.
| 5. Can DNA be used for identification purposes? | |
Ans. Yes, DNA can be used for identification purposes. DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a technique that analyzes specific regions of an individual's DNA to create a unique genetic profile. This profile can be used to establish biological relationships, determine the presence of genetic disorders, and identify individuals in forensic investigations. DNA identification is highly accurate and is widely used in criminal investigations, paternity testing, and establishing ancestral connections.
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