Effects of British Rule in India Video Lecture | History for UPSC CSE

Effects of British rule in India
the British came to India at the start
of the 17th century they are next many
princely states and established their
colonies across the country the British
rule in India from 1858 to 1947 they
formed laws and policies of their own in
this module you will learn about the
various effects the British rule had in
India during the British rule India
witnessed a single type of
administration the British implemented
different policies like divide and rule
doctrine of lapse and doctrine of
subsidiary alliance could effectively
exercise control over India the policies
helped them successfully bring
uniformity in administration and in the
maintenance of law and order the
Industrial Revolution which began in
England in the 18th century adversely
affected the Indian economy the British
exported the raw material from India at
cheaper rates manufactured finished
goods in England and sold them in India
at cheaper rates the handmade products
of India could not compete with the
machine made cheaper goods as a
consequence the domestic industry
started closing down and many people
lost their jobs the British had a
primary intention of gaining profit and
eventually conquer the vast territory of
India they needed revenue to finance
their projects and run the
administration therefore they introduced
a number of land revenue settlements to
extract taxes from the farmers these tax
systems were the Zamindari or permanent
settlement system the roit vari
settlement and the Marlborough
settlement in different areas the system
had different names but the object of
all the systems was to exploit the
farmers let's look in detail at these
different land tax systems
during the rule of the Kings a fixed tax
was collected based on the quantity of
the produce the British introduced a new
system of collecting tax and the right
to land ownership was taken away from
the farmers land tax was fixed on the
area of the land and not the quantity of
the produce Lord Cornwallis introduced
the Zamindari system in Bengal Bihar and
Orissa according to this system the
landlords or Zameen das had to collect a
fixed amount from the farmers and pay
the government the zamindar's collected
more taxes paid the government only a
fixed amount and used the rest for
themselves to lead a luxurious life the
ROI wari system was introduced by
Alexander Reed in Madras Mumbai Sindh
Bihar and Assam and was later maintained
by Thomas Monroe according to this
system the farmers or Roth acquired the
rights to ownership of the land and had
to pay a tax fixed on the error of the
land if the farmers failed to pay the
tax they lost the rights to the land and
eventually the government had the
authority to sell the land an extension
of this rule was that all land disputes
were to be taken to the courts instead
of the village panchayat the malvada
system was introduced in 1822 in the
Ganges Valley northwestern provinces
central provinces and Punjab it was
introduced by our and Baird and James
Thomson under the Mahalo body system the
tax was assessed on the basis of a mare
or estate which may be a village or a
group of villagers the Muldaur or owner
of the MAL acted as an agent in place of
the Zamindar nammal dar was jointly
responsible to pay the sum of revenue
assessed by the government
in major cities industries with modern
technology and machinery came into
existence foreign investment and
ownership to increased in the Indian
industrial sector the British imported
Western education to retain their
identity religious education was limited
to a small section as a result of some
traditional schools and madrasas as
recommended by Lord makalah's report the
foundation for English education was
laid down by Lord William Bentinck this
enabled rational thinking and study of
Western literature in the Hindu College
of Bengal the East India Company started
teaching Western literature humanities
and science various universities came up
at Calcutta Madras and Bombay an
engineering college was started at
Roorkee the public education department
was established as Charles wood
suggested that priority should be given
to primary education development in the
education field inspired the freedom
struggle and Western thoughts led to the
events of nationalism English language
gained importance as a tool of
communication and enabled unity among
the people literature progressed in
English in the Marathi Tamil Kannada and
other provincial languages Lord Carson
worked for the progress in the
educational field the British did
everything to ensure their long-lasting
rule over India by carrying out some
developmental activities in the country
road and railway lines were laid in the
country in order to transport raw
material from the interiors of the
country the first train was started
between Mumbai and Thani telegraph lines
were laid down to pass on information
quickly
these facilities facilitated in building
national integrity amongst people by
bringing them together in India the role
of newspapers in creating national
laverna's was incredible in the year
1818 various language papers were
started in India some examples include
big darshan which was the monthly
magazine in Bengali and samachar burpin
which was a weekly newsmagazine in
Bengali Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of
the pioneers in publishing the first
weekly Bengali newspaper called some
vodka Moody the newspapers questioned
the functioning of the government and
therefore incurred the rage of the
government and the framing of the rule
that no newspaper could be published
without a prior approval of the
governor-general example of one such
newspaper is Calcutta Journal whose
editor Buckingham was deported from
India the Indian newspapers express the
voice of the people collectively Hindu
patriotic played a major role in
highlighting the struggle of the indigo
farmers of Bengal
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
soma Prakash's a Bengali newspaper
advocated nationalistic attitude and
also supported the interests of the
Bengali farmers during the indigo
farmers revolt in 1860 amrita bazar
patrika
by scizor and moti Lal gorsh the bengali
by Surendra not Banerjee and the Tribune
was some of the oldest nationalistic
newspapers weekly magazines named
Kayseri
in Marathi and Murata in English was
started by one of the prominent
extremists bal gangadhar tilak social
reforms were publicized in a weekly
magazine called the indian social
reformer
the first kannada publication Mangalore
samachar was started by a Christian
missionary called Holman Frederick Magan
karnataka prakash iike and su rio de
prakash iike are a few more examples of
only weekly newspaper published in
mysore let us now
recap all the important points that we
have covered in this module on the
effects of British rule in India