Gandhian Phase I Video Lecture | History(Prelims) by UPSC Toppers

Ans. Gandhian Phase I, also known as the non-cooperation movement, was a significant period in Indian history. It marked the beginning of Mahatma Gandhi's leadership in the Indian freedom struggle. During this phase, Gandhi advocated for non-violence, civil disobedience, and boycott of British goods and institutions. The movement aimed to unite Indians against British rule and promote self-reliance. The impact of Gandhian Phase I was immense as it brought millions of Indians together in a non-violent protest and played a crucial role in shaping the future course of the freedom movement.

Ans. The non-cooperation movement during Gandhian Phase I had several objectives. Firstly, it aimed to unite Indians across different regions, religions, and social classes to fight against British rule. Secondly, it sought to promote self-reliance and economic independence by boycotting British goods and institutions. Thirdly, the movement aimed to expose the unjust practices of the British administration and create awareness among the masses about their rights and dignity. Lastly, it aimed to build a sense of national unity and pride among Indians, fostering a spirit of selflessness and sacrifice in the struggle for freedom.

Ans. The non-cooperation movement during Gandhian Phase I employed several key methods to achieve its objectives. Firstly, it emphasized non-violence as the primary means of protest, encouraging Indians to peacefully resist British rule. Secondly, it called for the boycott of British goods, institutions, and courts, promoting self-reliance and economic independence. Thirdly, it involved mass protests, demonstrations, and strikes to disrupt the functioning of the British administration. Additionally, it promoted the use of indigenous products, spinning and weaving of khadi (homespun cloth), and the revival of traditional Indian practices. These methods aimed to weaken British control over India and empower the Indian masses.

Ans. Gandhian Phase I, or the non-cooperation movement, had a profound impact on the Indian freedom struggle. It marked a shift towards non-violent resistance as a powerful tool against British rule, which became a defining characteristic of the movement. The mass participation in the movement showcased the strength and unity of the Indian people, instilling a sense of pride and self-confidence. The boycott of British goods and institutions weakened the economic control of the British and promoted self-reliance among Indians. Moreover, the movement led to the emergence of new leaders and a heightened political consciousness among the masses. Overall, Gandhian Phase I laid the foundation for future struggles and played a pivotal role in India's journey towards independence.

Ans. The non-cooperation movement during Gandhian Phase I faced several challenges. Firstly, there were instances of violence and clashes between protesters and the British administration, which led to casualties and arrests. Secondly, the movement faced resistance from certain sections of society who were hesitant to boycott British goods or institutions due to their economic dependence or fear of reprisals. Thirdly, the sudden withdrawal of support for the movement by Gandhi following the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 posed a challenge in sustaining the momentum and unity of the movement. Despite these challenges, the non-cooperation movement during Gandhian Phase I succeeded in leaving a lasting impact on the Indian freedom struggle.