Nervous System - Biology, General Science Video Lecture | IBPS PO Prelims & Mains Preparation - Bank Exams

The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body). Its main function is to coordinate and control the body's actions and responses to internal and external stimuli.

The nervous system works by transmitting electrical signals called nerve impulses. These impulses travel along specialized cells called neurons, which are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. Neurons communicate with each other through synapses, which are junctions where information is passed from one neuron to the next. This process allows the nervous system to send and receive information, enabling the body to respond to stimuli and carry out various functions.

The main parts of the nervous system are the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. The brain is the control center of the nervous system and is responsible for processing and interpreting information received from the senses, as well as coordinating the body's actions. The spinal cord acts as a pathway for nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body. The peripheral nerves transmit signals to and from the central nervous system, connecting it to the muscles, organs, and other body parts.

The nervous system performs several vital functions in the body. It controls and coordinates voluntary movements, such as walking and talking, as well as involuntary actions like breathing and heartbeat. It enables us to sense and respond to our environment through the five senses. The nervous system also plays a role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating body temperature, blood pressure, and other physiological processes. Additionally, it is involved in cognitive functions such as memory, learning, and emotions.

There are several common disorders that can affect the nervous system. Examples include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and stroke. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory and cognitive function. Parkinson's disease is characterized by tremors, muscle stiffness, and difficulties with movement. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the protective covering of nerve fibers, leading to communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes recurrent seizures. Stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, resulting in brain damage and various neurological symptoms.