All questions of Week 8 for CTET & State TET Exam

Language is crucial for communication, and while gestures and symbols are important, they do not replace the significance of language.

Group discussion is an example of permissive style of teaching strategy.

Understanding the Unit Approach in Curriculum
The unit approach to curriculum development focuses on specific content areas or units of study that are meticulously planned and organized. This approach is characterized by its emphasis on the subject matter being taught rather than the needs of the learner or the teaching methods employed.
Key Characteristics of the Unit Approach:
- Content-Centered:
The unit approach is primarily content-centered, meaning the curriculum is designed around particular topics or units. This ensures that all instructional activities and assessments are directly related to the content area being studied.
- Structured Learning:
The curriculum is systematically structured, allowing for a coherent flow of information. Each unit builds on the previous one, facilitating a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
- Focus on Mastery:
This approach aims for mastery of specific content areas. Students are expected to gain a comprehensive understanding before moving on to the next unit, which is not always the case in a child-centered approach.
- Assessment Driven:
Assessments are often designed based on the completion of units, measuring the students' understanding of content rather than their individual learning processes or interests.
- Teacher's Role:
In a unit approach, the teacher plays a significant role in delivering content, guiding discussions, and assessing student understanding, contrasting with more student-centered methods where learners have a greater role in directing their learning.
Conclusion:
In summary, the unit approach is distinctly content-centered, focusing on organized units of study that emphasize mastery of specific subject matter, making option 'B' the correct answer. This structured method is beneficial for ensuring thorough coverage of essential content in educational settings.

Understanding Cognitive Apprenticeships and Instructional Conversations
Cognitive apprenticeships and instructional conversations are educational approaches that emphasize the importance of social interaction in the learning process. Here’s a deeper look at why option 'C' is the correct answer.
Learning as a Social Activity
- Cognitive apprenticeships focus on learning through guided experiences in authentic contexts. This method encourages learners to engage with more knowledgeable peers or mentors, fostering social interactions.
- Instructional conversations promote dialogue between teachers and students, allowing for collaborative knowledge construction. These discussions help students articulate their understanding and challenge their thinking.
Collaboration and Communication
- Both approaches encourage collaboration among learners. By engaging in conversations, students can share different perspectives and ideas, enhancing their overall understanding of the subject matter.
- The social aspect of these learning methods helps develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills as students learn to negotiate meaning and learn from one another.
Real-World Context
- Cognitive apprenticeships place students in real-world contexts where they can apply their learning practically. This contextualized learning requires interaction, making it inherently social.
- Instructional conversations also draw from students’ experiences, making learning relevant and engaging. This relevance further emphasizes the social nature of learning.
Conclusion
In summary, cognitive apprenticeships and instructional conversations are centered around the idea that learning is fundamentally a social activity. They leverage interaction and collaboration to enhance understanding and foster a supportive learning environment, making option 'C' the most accurate choice.

Characteristics of a Good Mathematics Textbook
When evaluating what makes a mathematics textbook effective for students, several key characteristics stand out. The correct answer is option 'B', which emphasizes the importance of sufficient solved illustrations and a variety of exercise questions. Here’s why this is crucial:
1. Sufficient Solved Illustrations
- Helps in understanding concepts: Solved illustrations provide step-by-step solutions to problems, which helps students grasp complex concepts more easily.
- Reinforces learning: These illustrations offer a practical application of theories, reinforcing the material taught in the chapter.
2. Variety of Exercise Questions
- Encourages practice: A diverse set of exercise questions allows students to practice what they have learned and build confidence in their skills.
- Cater to different skill levels: Including a range of questions ensures that students at various levels can find appropriate challenges and gradually improve.
3. Balance of Solved and Unsolved Problems
- Critical thinking: While having some solved examples is important, providing unsolved exercises encourages independent thinking and problem-solving skills.
- Preparation for assessments: A good balance prepares students for exams, where they must solve problems without guidance.
Conclusion
In summary, a good mathematics textbook must include a sufficient number of solved illustrations and a diverse set of exercise questions to facilitate learning. This combination not only aids comprehension but also fosters independent problem-solving abilities, making option 'B' the most appropriate choice.

Comprehensive questions should be asked at the end of each unit when the lesson is divided into small units. This allows for a thorough understanding of the material covered in that specific unit.

Bloom’s taxonomy is a hierarchical organization of cognitive objectives, which classify educational learning objectives into levels of complexity and specificity.

The Top-Down method is deductive.

The ‘Insight Theory of Learning’ is closely associated with Gestalt psychologists who emphasize the importance of insight and perception in problem-solving.

Characteristics of good questions include realization of aims, thought-provoking, and being brief and direct.

A lesson plan develops the possibilities of adjustment.

Understanding Essay Type Examinations
Essay type examinations are a common format used to assess students' understanding of a subject. One of their key characteristics is their reliance on memory, which is highlighted by option 'D'.
Dependence on Memory
- Cognitive Recall: In essay exams, students are required to recall and articulate their knowledge on a given topic. This necessitates a strong memory, as they must remember facts, theories, and concepts learned during their course.
- Application of Knowledge: Beyond mere recall, students must synthesize information and apply it effectively in their responses. This process can be heavily influenced by how well the student has memorized the material.
- Limited Time: The time constraint in essay examinations can amplify this dependence on memory. Students must think quickly and retrieve information they have stored, which can be challenging if they are not well-prepared.
Comparison with Other Characteristics
- Validity: While essay exams can be valid in assessing understanding, their focus on memory may not always accurately reflect a student's knowledge or abilities in real-world applications.
- Reliability: The reliability of essay exams can vary significantly, as different evaluators may grade responses differently based on subjective interpretation.
- Objectivity: Essay exams tend to be less objective than multiple-choice tests, as grading can be influenced by the reader's perspective, further complicating the assessment of knowledge.
In summary, while essay examinations provide a platform for showcasing understanding, their effectiveness can be heavily influenced by a student's memory, making option 'D' the correct choice in this context.

The first step in the scientific method of problem-solving is to identify or become aware of the problem.

The hallmark of the problem-solving approach is that the problem statement often contains an implicit hint or clue to guide the solver.

Noam Chomsky proposed the concept of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD).

Providing a Fun Problem-Solving Environment for Students

Expecting perfection form the students while they are trying to do things by themselves
This approach can add unnecessary pressure on students and hinder their ability to enjoy the problem-solving process. It is important for students to feel comfortable making mistakes and learning from them. Encouraging a growth mindset where mistakes are viewed as opportunities for learning is more effective in fostering a positive problem-solving environment.

Providing open ended material
Open-ended materials allow students to explore, experiment, and come up with their own solutions to problems. This can make problem-solving more engaging and enjoyable for students as they have the freedom to think creatively and critically.

Giving time for free play
Allowing students time for free play can help them relax, unwind, and approach problem-solving tasks with a fresh perspective. Playful activities can stimulate creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving skills in a fun and engaging way.

Providing endless opportunities for creative thinking
Encouraging creative thinking in problem-solving tasks can make the process more enjoyable for students. By incorporating elements of imagination, innovation, and originality, students can feel more motivated and engaged in finding solutions to challenging problems.

Manohar used the law of analogy, which involves transferring knowledge or solutions from one context (railway ticket booking) to another (flight ticket booking).

Mind mapping refers to the process of researching the functioning of the mind, especially in terms of organizing information and ideas visually.

The statement describes the ‘Law of Effect’ which states that responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation.

Understanding the Role of Social Context in Learning
The correct answer is option 'C': Social context influences how children learn. Here's a detailed explanation of this statement:
Importance of Social Interactions
- Social context plays a crucial role in shaping how children acquire knowledge and develop skills.
- Learning is often a collaborative process where interactions with peers, teachers, and family members enhance understanding and retention.
Vygotsky's Theory of Social Development
- Renowned psychologist Lev Vygotsky emphasized the importance of social interaction in cognitive development.
- He introduced the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which highlights how children can achieve higher levels of understanding with the guidance of more knowledgeable others.
Learning through Collaboration
- Engaging in group activities fosters communication, negotiation, and problem-solving skills.
- Collaborative learning environments help children learn diverse perspectives and approaches to tasks, enriching their educational experience.
Influence of Cultural Context
- Social context includes cultural backgrounds, which shape how children interpret information and learn.
- Different cultures may emphasize various learning styles, impacting how children engage with content.
Peer Influence and Motivation
- Peers can significantly influence a child's motivation to learn and their attitude toward education.
- Positive social interactions can increase engagement and promote a love for learning.
In conclusion, social context is integral to the learning process at all ages, particularly for children, as it fosters essential skills and enhances cognitive development through interactions and collaborative experiences.

Understanding the Importance of Freedom in Problem-Solving
Problem-solving can indeed be an enjoyable experience for students when they are given the right environment. Among the options provided, the best choice is:
Freedom Enhances Creativity
- Allowing students to explore their own ideas fosters creativity and innovation.
- When students feel free to express their thoughts, they are more likely to engage deeply in the learning process.
Ownership of Learning
- When students are given the freedom to choose how to approach a problem, they take ownership of their learning.
- This sense of ownership can lead to increased motivation and commitment to finding solutions.
Encouragement of Critical Thinking
- Freedom allows students to think critically and develop their problem-solving skills independently.
- They can experiment with different strategies and learn from their successes and failures.
Collaboration and Peer Learning
- When students work together without strict guidelines, they can share diverse perspectives and solutions.
- This collaborative environment can make problem-solving not only easier but also more enjoyable.
Conclusion
In summary, giving students the freedom to approach problems in their own way is essential for fostering a positive and effective learning experience. This empowerment leads to greater engagement, creativity, and collaboration, making problem-solving both easy and fun. By choosing option 'B', we acknowledge the importance of a supportive and flexible learning environment.

Different skills are used in order to learn new things in the process approach.

In the scientific method of problem-solving, authenticating or verifying the alternatives comes last, after forming alternatives, collecting information, and identifying the problem.

Understanding Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning is a fundamental theory of habit formation that illustrates how responses are learned through associations between stimuli. This concept was first articulated by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, through his famous experiments with dogs.
Key Concepts of Classical Conditioning:
- Stimulus and Response: In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus (like a bell) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (like food) that naturally elicits a response (salivation in dogs). Over time, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that triggers the same response.
- Learning through Association: Humans and animals learn to associate specific stimuli with certain outcomes. For example, if a child hears a bell (neutral stimulus) before receiving food (unconditioned stimulus), they will eventually salivate (conditioned response) just by hearing the bell.
- Applications: This theory has broad applications in various fields, including education, therapy, and behavior modification. For instance, it can be used to help individuals overcome phobias by gradually associating feared objects with positive experiences.
Contrast with Other Theories:
- Operant Conditioning: Unlike classical conditioning, which focuses on involuntary responses to stimuli, operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors influenced by consequences (rewards or punishments).
- Generalization and Adaptation: These concepts relate to how learned behaviors can transfer to similar stimuli (generalization) or change in response to new environments (adaptation), but they do not specifically address the stimulus-response relationship like classical conditioning does.
In summary, classical conditioning demonstrates how humans and animals learn through associating stimuli with responses, making it a cornerstone of behavioral psychology.

Acquiring new skills and knowledge through learning:
Learning is a process of acquiring new skills and knowledge. When individuals engage in learning, they are exposed to new information, ideas, and experiences that help them expand their understanding and abilities. This process involves actively seeking out opportunities to learn, whether through formal education, self-study, or hands-on experience.

Gradual transformation through learning:
Learning is also a process of gradual transformation. As individuals acquire new skills and knowledge, they often undergo changes in their thinking, behavior, and attitudes. These changes may not happen overnight but occur gradually over time as individuals continue to learn and grow.

Behavioral changes as a result of learning:
One important aspect of learning is the potential for behavioral changes. When individuals learn new skills or information, they may apply this knowledge in practical settings, leading to changes in their behavior. For example, someone who learns effective communication skills may improve their interactions with others, leading to positive changes in their relationships.
In conclusion, learning is a dynamic process that involves acquiring new skills and knowledge, undergoing gradual transformation, and potentially experiencing behavioral changes. By actively engaging in learning opportunities, individuals can continue to grow and develop throughout their lives.

Importance of Active Participation in Learning:
Active participation in the learning process is crucial for student engagement and retention of information. By organizing a role play activity on different sources of water and actions to conserve water, Anjali is ensuring that students actively participate in the learning process.

Enhancing Understanding:
Through role play, students are not just passively listening to information but actively engaging with it. This hands-on approach helps students understand the concept of water sources and conservation actions in a practical and meaningful way.

Promoting Critical Thinking:
Role play activities encourage students to think critically and creatively as they embody different roles and scenarios related to water. This can help them develop problem-solving skills and a deeper understanding of the importance of water conservation.

Fostering Collaboration:
By participating in a role play activity, students have the opportunity to work together, communicate effectively, and collaborate with their peers. This promotes teamwork and social skills development, which are essential for overall growth and development.

Increasing Motivation:
Engaging in hands-on activities like role play can increase students' motivation and interest in the topic. This active involvement can make learning more enjoyable and memorable, leading to better retention of information.
In conclusion, organizing a role play activity on water sources and conservation actions in the EVS classroom serves the purpose of ensuring active participation of students in the learning process. It not only enhances students' knowledge but also promotes critical thinking, collaboration, and motivation, making the learning experience more engaging and effective.

English serves a regulatory function by being the language of administration, courts, and laws.

Non-formal Learning: Correspondence Lessons
Non-formal learning refers to learning that takes place outside of traditional formal education settings, such as schools. It is often self-directed and does not necessarily lead to formal qualifications. One instance of non-formal learning is children learning through correspondence lessons.

Correspondence Lessons
Correspondence lessons involve learning materials being sent to students via mail or email, allowing them to study at their own pace and convenience. This method of learning provides flexibility and allows students to learn from anywhere, making it a popular choice for those who cannot attend traditional schools due to various reasons.

Benefits of Correspondence Lessons
1. Flexibility: Students can study at their own pace and according to their own schedule.
2. Accessibility: Correspondence lessons allow students to access education from remote locations or areas with limited educational resources.
3. Self-directed Learning: Students are responsible for managing their own learning, promoting independence and self-discipline.

Conclusion
In conclusion, children learning through correspondence lessons is an example of non-formal learning as it takes place outside of traditional formal education settings. This method of learning offers flexibility, accessibility, and promotes self-directed learning, making it a valuable alternative for students who may not be able to attend traditional schools.

The Principle of ‘Trial and error’ is associated with Edward L. Thorndike, who emphasized learning through repeated trial and error.

Neutral role in the learning process:
Parents should not play a neutral role when it comes to the learning process of their child. Here's why:

Proactive role:
- Parents should take a proactive role in their child's education by encouraging them to learn, providing resources, and helping them stay organized.
- Being proactive means actively seeking out opportunities for your child to learn and grow, whether it's through extracurricular activities, educational games, or simply engaging in conversations about what they are learning at school.

Positive role:
- Parents should also play a positive role in their child's learning process by providing praise, encouragement, and motivation.
- Positivity can help boost a child's self-esteem and confidence, leading to better academic performance and a more positive attitude towards learning.

Supportive role:
- Parents should be supportive of their child's education by offering help when needed, listening to their concerns, and working with teachers to address any challenges.
- This role involves being there for your child through the ups and downs of their educational journey, providing emotional support and guidance along the way.
In conclusion, while parents should be proactive, positive, and supportive in their child's learning process, playing a neutral role is not advisable. Being neutral may lead to a lack of engagement and support, hindering the child's academic progress and overall development.

Understanding the Conclusion
The conclusion that "Children can learn violent behavior depicted in movies" is closely associated with the research conducted by Albert Bandura, particularly his work on social learning theory.
Albert Bandura's Contribution
- Social Learning Theory: Bandura proposed that people learn behaviors through observation and imitation. This means that children are likely to mimic the actions they see in their environment, including violent behaviors portrayed in media.
- Bobo Doll Experiment: In a famous experiment, Bandura demonstrated that children who observed adults behaving aggressively towards a Bobo doll were more likely to also exhibit similar aggressive behavior when given the opportunity to play with the doll. This highlighted the impact of observational learning.
Implications for Media Influence
- Role of Media: Bandura's findings suggest that exposure to violent content in movies can lead to the internalization of aggressive behaviors in children. If children observe violence, they may come to view such behavior as acceptable or normal.
- Parental Guidance: Understanding this concept emphasizes the need for parental guidance regarding what children watch. It encourages monitoring and discussing media content to mitigate potential negative influences.
Conclusion
In summary, the significant link between media exposure and learned behavior in children is primarily attributed to Albert Bandura's research. His work underscores the importance of understanding how observational learning can shape children's behavior, particularly in relation to violence depicted in movies.

Problem-solving method is based on Heuristic method.

The most effective strategy for improving fielding skills in cricket is to provide students with a lot of practice in fielding, which allows them to develop their skills through repeated effort and correction.

Mechanical drills are designed to improve the accuracy of learners in language use.

Understanding the Importance of Poetry and Storytelling in EVS
In Environmental Studies (EVS), the use of poems and storytelling serves multiple educational purposes, but option 'D' stands out as it promotes imagination and exploration of the world. Here’s how:
Encouraging Imagination
- Poetry and storytelling ignite the creative imagination of students.
- They allow learners to visualize concepts, making abstract ideas more tangible.
- Engaging narratives can help students relate personally to environmental issues.
Exploring Local and Global Contexts
- Stories often reflect local culture, geography, and environmental concerns, providing context.
- They can also connect local issues to global challenges, fostering a broader understanding.
- This dual perspective encourages students to think critically about their impact on the environment.
Building Empathy and Connection
- Narratives often involve characters facing challenges, helping students develop empathy.
- Understanding diverse perspectives allows learners to appreciate cultural and environmental diversity.
- This emotional connection can motivate students to engage in environmental stewardship.
Enhancing Retention and Engagement
- Poetry and stories make learning memorable, aiding in information retention.
- The rhythmic and imaginative nature of poems can make lessons enjoyable, increasing student interest.
- Engaged students are more likely to explore and investigate environmental topics beyond the classroom.
In summary, using poems and storytelling in EVS classes not only makes learning enjoyable but also promotes a deeper understanding of the world. It encourages students to imagine, explore, and become responsible global citizens, which is essential in today's interconnected environment.

Engaging learners with a story or interesting activity can regain their attention and interest in the lesson.

Scientific Method Explanation:
The scientific method is a systematic approach used by scientists to investigate natural phenomena. It involves a series of steps that are followed in order to explain, predict, and control these phenomena. Let's break down the goals of the scientific method:

Explanation:
- The first goal of the scientific method is to explain why and how things happen. Scientists observe a phenomenon, formulate a hypothesis to explain it, and then conduct experiments to test the hypothesis. Through this process, they aim to provide a logical explanation for the observed phenomenon.

Prediction:
- After explaining a phenomenon, the next goal is to predict future occurrences. By understanding the underlying principles behind a phenomenon, scientists can make predictions about what will happen under different conditions. These predictions are based on the scientific knowledge gained through experimentation and observation.

Control:
- The final goal of the scientific method is to control phenomena by manipulating variables. Once scientists have a thorough understanding of a phenomenon, they can use this knowledge to control or influence it. This control allows for practical applications in various fields, such as technology, medicine, and engineering.
In summary, the scientific method is a powerful tool that enables scientists to explain, predict, and control natural phenomena through systematic observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Hands-On Learning Experience
Allowing students to germinate seeds and observe the process firsthand provides them with an experiential learning opportunity. This method encourages active participation, which is crucial for deep understanding.
Engagement and Curiosity
- Active Involvement: Students are more engaged when they can physically interact with the materials. Germinating seeds allows them to take ownership of their learning process.
- Curiosity Driven: Seeing the transformation of seeds into plants sparks curiosity and enthusiasm, which enhances retention of the information learned.
Observation Skills
- Real-Time Observation: Students can observe the stages of germination in real-time, helping them understand the dynamics of growth and development.
- Data Collection: They can record their observations, leading to critical thinking about variables affecting germination (e.g., water, light, temperature).
Application of Knowledge
- Connecting Theory to Practice: This method bridges the gap between theoretical concepts and practical application, reinforcing learning through experience.
- Problem-Solving: Students can experiment with different conditions, fostering a scientific mindset as they hypothesize and draw conclusions based on their observations.
Collaborative Learning
- Peer Interaction: Working in groups can enhance communication skills, allowing students to share insights and collaborate on their findings.
- Sharing Results: Discussing outcomes fosters a collective learning environment, where students can learn from each other's experiences.
In summary, option A not only provides a comprehensive understanding of seed germination but also develops essential skills in observation, critical thinking, and collaboration, making it the most suitable method for teaching this concept.

High reliability is not a trait of essay type examination.

Bandura's Social Learning Theory Overview
Bandura's Social Learning Theory fundamentally shifts the focus of personality development from innate or unconscious factors to the significant role that the environment and social interactions play.
Key Concepts
- Observational Learning:
Bandura posits that people can learn new behaviors by observing others. This implies that much of our learning is social in nature, where individuals model behaviors seen in peers, family members, or media figures.
- Reciprocal Determinism:
This concept suggests that personal factors (like cognition), behavior, and environmental influences all interact and influence one another. For example, a person's attitude can affect their behavior, which in turn can change their environment and vice versa.
- Attention, Retention, Reproduction, and Motivation:
Bandura identifies four key processes involved in observational learning:
- Attention: Noticing the behavior.
- Retention: Remembering what was observed.
- Reproduction: The ability to replicate the behavior.
- Motivation: The desire to perform the behavior, influenced by observed outcomes.
Environmental Impact
- Social Context:
Bandura emphasizes that personality develops through interactions with the environment. Experiences and social contexts shape our behaviors and attitudes, leading to unique personality traits.
- Role Models:
Individuals often emulate the behaviors of role models, which can significantly influence personality development. This can include parents, teachers, peers, and media figures.
In summary, Bandura's Social Learning Theory highlights that personality development is largely shaped by environmental factors and the process of observational learning, contrasting sharply with theories that emphasize genetics or unconscious motivations.

The teacher aims to help learners acquire new vocabulary by associating words with images.

Benjamin Peirce said, ‘Mathematics is the science which draws necessary conclusions.’

Making play-cards of organisms and asking student groups to arrange them to depict different food chains will be the most effective strategy to involve students actively in understanding the concept of food chain.

Explanation:

Caldwell Cook:
- Caldwell Cook is credited with the quote "Play is a natural instinct."
- He believed that play is an essential part of a child's development and that it comes naturally to them.

Importance of Play:
- Play allows children to explore their environment, develop social skills, and enhance their cognitive abilities.
- It helps in fostering creativity, imagination, and problem-solving skills.
- Through play, children learn to interact with others, communicate effectively, and regulate their emotions.

Role of Educators:
- Educators play a crucial role in facilitating play-based learning experiences for children.
- They can create a supportive environment that encourages exploration, experimentation, and collaboration.
- By recognizing the importance of play, educators can help children thrive academically, socially, and emotionally.

Conclusion:
- In conclusion, Caldwell Cook's statement that "Play is a natural instinct" highlights the significance of play in a child's development.
- By embracing play-based learning approaches, educators can support children in reaching their full potential and preparing them for future success.

Ivan Pavlov is considered the pioneer of classical conditioning, a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.

Understanding EL Thorndike's Learning Theory
EL Thorndike's theories on learning emphasize the importance of practice and reinforcement in reducing errors. Let's analyze each statement to understand why option 'A' is correct.
Statement I: Learning and Error Reduction
- This statement is accurate.
- Continuous practice of a concept leads to mastery, thus reducing errors over time.
Statement II: Teacher Supervision
- This statement suggests that repeated usage of a concept without supervision does not help in error reduction.
- However, learning can occur independently; thus, this statement is overly restrictive and incorrect.
Statement III: Difficulty in Application
- This statement implies that applying difficult concepts to problems is inherently challenging.
- While true, it does not directly relate to the effectiveness of learning and error reduction.
Statement IV: Time Taken to Learn
- This statement emphasizes that while learning may take time, successful application follows once mastered.
- However, it does not directly correlate with Thorndike's principles regarding error reduction through practice.
Conclusion
- Based on the analysis, only Statement I accurately reflects Thorndike's theory of learning and error reduction.
- Statement II is incorrect, as learning can occur without constant supervision.
- Therefore, option 'A' is correct, as it highlights the validity of Statement I while dismissing the incorrect nature of Statement II.

An object thrown vertically upwards does not come back to us due to friction; it comes back due to gravitational force. The other examples given are correct uses of friction.

Recapitulatory questions should be based on taught knowledge.