All questions of Extra Quiz for Electrical Engineering (EE) Exam

An endpoint of an inter-process communication flow across a computer network is called
  • a)
    socket
  • b)
    pipe
  • c)
    port
  • d)
    none of the mentioned
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Shubham Sharma answered
Endpoint of Inter-Process Communication Flow

Inter-process communication (IPC) is the mechanism that allows different processes to communicate with each other in a computer system. Processes can exchange data, signals or messages through various IPC methods such as pipes, sockets, message queues, shared memory, etc. An endpoint is a unique identifier that specifies the source or destination of IPC communication flow.

Socket as an Endpoint

A socket is an endpoint of a two-way communication link between two processes running on a networked computer system. It is identified by an IP address and a port number. Sockets can be either TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) or UDP (User Datagram Protocol) based. TCP sockets provide reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data, while UDP sockets provide unreliable, unordered, and unverified delivery of data.

Advantages of Sockets

- Sockets are widely used in network programming for building client-server applications.
- They provide a simple and flexible interface for IPC across different platforms and programming languages.
- They can handle multiple connections simultaneously and support asynchronous input/output operations.
- They can be used for both local and remote IPC, depending on the network configuration.

Conclusion

In summary, an endpoint of an IPC flow across a computer network is called a socket. Sockets are a popular and efficient mechanism for inter-process communication, providing a reliable and flexible way for processes to exchange data over a network.

Assertion (A): Potentiometers can not be used as error detectors in position control systems.
Reason (R): The resolution of a potentiometer places an upper limit on its accuracy
  • a)
    Both A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A
  • b)
    Both A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A
  • c)
    A is correct but R is wrong
  • d)
    R is correct but A is wrong
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Assertion (A): Potentiometers cannot be used as error detectors in position control systems.
Reason (R): The resolution of a potentiometer places an upper limit on its accuracy.

The correct answer is option 'D' - R is correct but A is wrong.

Explanation:
Potentiometers are widely used in position control systems as feedback devices to measure position. However, they are not commonly used as error detectors. Let's understand the assertion and reason individually to see why option 'D' is the correct answer.

Assertion (A): Potentiometers cannot be used as error detectors in position control systems.
Potentiometers, also known as pots, are variable resistors that change resistance based on the position of a movable contact. They are commonly used in position control systems to provide feedback on the current position of a controlled object. However, they are not typically used as error detectors in position control systems. Error detectors are devices or algorithms that compare the desired position with the actual position and generate an error signal. Potentiometers alone cannot perform this function efficiently.

Reason (R): The resolution of a potentiometer places an upper limit on its accuracy.
The resolution of a potentiometer refers to the smallest increment of position that it can detect. It is determined by the physical characteristics of the potentiometer, such as the resistance element and the wiper contact. The resolution of a potentiometer places a limit on its accuracy because it determines the smallest change in position that can be detected. If the resolution is not fine enough, the potentiometer may not be able to accurately measure small changes in position, leading to errors in the feedback signal.

Explanation of the correct answer:
The reason (R) is correct because the resolution of a potentiometer does place an upper limit on its accuracy. However, the assertion (A) is incorrect because potentiometers can be used as position feedback devices in control systems. They may not be ideal for error detection due to their limited resolution, but they are still commonly used for position sensing. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - R is correct but A is wrong.

Mechanical impedance is the ratio of
  • a)
    rms force to rms velocity
  • b)
    rms force to rms displacement
  • c)
    rms velocity to rms displacement
  • d)
    none of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Neha Choudhury answered
It relates forces with velocities acting on a mechanical system. The mechanical impedance of a point on a structure is the ratio of the force applied at a point to the resulting velocity at that point. Mechanical impedance is the inverse of mechanical admittance or mobility.Mechanical impedance is a measure of how much a structure resists motion when subjected to a harmonic force. It relates forces with velocities acting on a mechanical system. The mechanical impedance of a point on a structure is the ratio of the force applied at a point to the resulting velocity at that point.[1][2]
Mechanical impedance is the inverse of mechanical admittance or mobility. The mechanical impedance is a function of the frequency {\displaystyle \omega } \omega  of the applied force and can vary greatly over frequency. At resonance frequencies, the mechanical impedance will be lower, meaning less force is needed to cause a structure to move at a given velocity. A simple example of this is pushing a child on a swing. For the greatest swing amplitude, the frequency of the pushes must be near the resonant frequency of the system.
{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} (\omega )=\mathbf {Z} (\omega )\mathbf {v} (\omega )} \mathbf {F} (\omega )=\mathbf {Z} (\omega )\mathbf {v} (\omega )
Where, {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} } \mathbf {F}  is the force vector, {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} } \mathbf {v}  is the velocity vector, {\displaystyle \mathbf {Z} } \mathbf {Z}  is the impedance matrix and {\displaystyle \omega } \omega  is the angular frequency.

For the signal flow graph of the given figure consider the following statements
  1. It has three forward paths
  2. It has three individual loops
  3. It has two non touching loops
Out of above the correct statements are
 
  • a)
    1, 2, 3
  • b)
    1, 2
  • c)
    2, 3
  • d)
    1, 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

I think option A is correct


forward paths=1) X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
2) X1 X2 X4 X5 X6 and 3) X1 X2 X5 X6


individual loops= 1) X2 X3 X2 2) X3 X4 X3 and 3) X5 X5



non touching loops=1) either of X2 X3 X2 or X3 X4 X3
and 2) X5 X5.

The data link layer takes the packets from _________ and encapsulates them into frames for transmission.
  • a)
    network layer
  • b)
    physical layer
  • c)
    transport layer
  • d)
    application layer
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Shail Kulkarni answered
Explanation:
The Data Link Layer is the second layer of the OSI Model. Its main responsibility is to take the packets from the Network Layer and encapsulate them into frames for transmission over the physical medium. The frames contain information such as source and destination MAC addresses, error checking bits and sequence numbers.

Functions of Data Link Layer:
The Data Link Layer performs the following functions:

1. Framing: It divides the data received from the Network Layer into frames and adds a header and a trailer to each frame.

2. Error Control: It detects and corrects errors that occur during transmission using techniques like CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

3. Flow Control: It regulates the flow of data between two nodes to prevent congestion.

4. Access Control: It decides which device has access to the physical medium at any given time.

5. MAC Addressing: It assigns a unique MAC address to each device on the network for identification.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Data Link Layer takes the packets from the Network Layer and encapsulates them into frames for transmission over the physical medium. It performs functions like framing, error control, flow control, access control and MAC addressing.

User datagram protocol is called connectionless because
  • a)
    all UDP packets are treated independently by transport layer
  • b)
    it sends data as a stream of related packets
  • c)
    both (a) and (b)
  • d)
    none of the mentioned
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ravi Singh answered
-User Datagram Protocol (UDP) – a communications protocol that facilitates the exchange of messages between computing devices in a network. It's an alternative to the transmission control protocol (TCP). In a network that uses the Internet Protocol (IP), it is sometimes referred to as UDP/IP.
-
User datagram protocol is called connectionless because 
all UDP packets are treated independently by transport layer.

The polar plot of the given figure is for the term
  • a)
    (jω)2
  • b)
    1 + (jω)2
  • c)
  • d)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Poulomi Ahuja answered
For the term , magnitude is 0 at ω = ∞ and infinite at ω = 0. Moreover phase angle is -180º.

In the given figure, C(s) =
  • a)
  • b)
  • c)
  • d)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Pallabi Pillai answered
Use principle of superposition. Initially assume R(s) = 0 and find C(s).
Then assume U(s) = 0 and find C(s). Add the two responses.

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