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All questions of Federalism for Class 10 Exam

The head of the municipal corporation is called______.
  • a)
    Mayor
  • b)
    MLAs
  • c)
    Sarpanchs
  • d)
    none of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anita Menon answered
A mayor is the head of the Municipal Corporation. He is elected by the members of the Municipal Corporation. He is known as the first citizen of the city.

Federations have been formed with the two kinds of
  • a)
    routes
  • b)
    states
  • c)
    people
  • d)
    none of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Kumar answered
First route involves independent states coming together on their own to form a bigger unit this is known as coming together federation. The second route is where a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent states and the national government this is holding together federation.

Which local govt works at district level ?
  • a)
    Panchayat samiti
  • b)
    Village panchayat
  • c)
    Zila Parishad
  • d)
    None of the mention above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Mehta answered
Zilla Parishad is located at the apex of the Panchayat system at the district level. It consists of the Chairman of the Panchayat Samities as ex-officio Members, M.L.As, M.P.s of the area. Representatives of women, scheduled castes and tribes and backward class are co-opted as members.

What is the government at Block level called ?
  • a)
    Gram Sabha
  • b)
    Gram Panchyat
  • c)
    Panchayat Samiti
  • d)
    Nayay Panchyat
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Mehta answered
A Panchayat Samiti (block panchayat) is a local government body at the tehsil level. This body works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a "development block". The Panchayat Samiti is the link between the Gram Panchayat and the district administration.

Which of the following is not a feature of federalism?
  • a)
    There are two or more levels of government
  • b)
    Different tiers of government govern the same citizens
  • c)
    Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified
  • d)
    The central government can order the state government
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Mehta answered
The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government. But in a federal system, the central government cannot order the state government to do something. The state government has powers of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government. Both these governments are separately answerable to the people.

Which of the following statements is not correct about the federalism?
  • a)
    There are two or more levels of governments
  • b)
    Different levels of govt, govern the same citizens but each level has its own jurisdiction in specific matters
  • c)
    The jurisdiction of the respective levels or tiers of govt is specified in the constitution
  • d)
    The fundamental provisions of the constitution can be unilaterally changed by the central govt
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Das answered
  • There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.
  • The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution. So the existence and authority of each tier of government is constitutionally guaranteed. 
  • Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different levels of government. The highest court acts as an umpire if disputes arise between different levels of government in the exercise of their respective powers. 

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:
A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 percent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was stopped in 1965. However, many non- Hindi speaking States demanded that the use of English should continue. In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Many critics think that this solution favoured the English-speaking elites. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people speak a different language. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri Lanka finds itself in.
Q. Which non- Hindi speaking State demanded that the use of English should continue after 1965?
  • a)
    Hyderabad
  • b)
    Chennai
  • c)
    Tamil Nadu
  • d)
    Kerala
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aditya Shah answered
According to the Constitution, the use of English for the official purposes was to stop in 1965. However many non-Hindi speaking states demanded that the use of English should continue. In Tamil Nadu this movement took a militant form. The central government agreed to continue the use of English also with Hindi for official purposes.

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:
What about subjects that do not fall in any of the three lists? Or subjects like computer software that came up after the constitution was made? According to our Constitution, the Union Government has the power to legislate on these 'residuary' subjects. We noted above that most federations that are formed by 'holding together' do not give equal power to its constituent units. Thus, all States in the Indian Union do not have identical powers. Some States enjoy a special status. Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution. Many provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable to this State without the approval of the State Assembly. Indians who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or house here. Similar special provisions exist for some other States of India as well.
Q. Which of the following subjects comes under 'residuary' subjects?
  • a)
    Education
  • b)
    Trade
  • c)
    Banking
  • d)
    Computer software
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Anirudh Goyal answered
Understanding Residuary Subjects
The term 'residuary subjects' refers to topics or areas of legislation that are not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution or fall outside the three main lists: the Union List, the State List, and the Concurrent List. In India, the Union Government has the authority to legislate on these subjects.
Why Computer Software is a Residuary Subject
- The Constitution of India was enacted in 1950, long before the advent of advanced technologies such as computer software.
- As computer software did not exist at the time of the Constitution's framing, it does not fall under the predefined categories of subjects.
- Consequently, since it wasn't explicitly included in any of the lists, it is classified as a residuary subject, allowing the Union Government to create laws governing it.
Comparison with Other Subjects
- Education: This subject is covered under the Concurrent List, allowing both the Union and State Governments to legislate on educational matters.
- Trade: Trade is also included in the State List, meaning States have the authority to regulate trade within their territories.
- Banking: Banking falls under the Union List, empowering the central government to regulate banking institutions and their operations.
Conclusion
In summary, the correct answer is option 'D' (Computer software) because it is a subject that emerged after the Constitution was created and does not fit into the existing legislative categories outlined in the Constitution. This categorization allows the Union Government to legislate effectively on new and evolving subjects that arise over time.

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:
Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One is the government for the entire country that is usually responsible for a few subjects of common national interest. The others are governments at the level of provinces or states that look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state. Both these levels of governments enjoy their power independent of the other. In this sense, federations are contrasted with unitary governments. Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government. The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government. But in a federal system, the central government cannot order the state government to do something. State government has powers of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government. Both these governments are separately answerable to the people.
Q. Central and state governments are separately answerable to the _______.
  • a)
    people
  • b)
    none
  • c)
    each other
  • d)
    president
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Meera Rana answered
Under federal system, the Central government cannot order the State government to do something. State government has powers of its own for which ' it is not answerable to the Central government. Both these governments are separately answerable to the people.

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:
Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One is the government for the entire country that is usually responsible for a few subjects of common national interest. The others are governments at the level of provinces or states that look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state. Both these levels of governments enjoy their power independent of the other. In this sense, federations are contrasted with unitary governments. Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government. The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government. But in a federal system, the central government cannot order the state government to do something. State government has powers of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government. Both these governments are separately answerable to the people.
Q. Usually, a federation has _________ levels of government.
  • a)
    three
  • b)
    four
  • c)
    two
  • d)
    five
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aditya Shah answered
Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One is the government for the entire country that is usually responsible for a few subjects of common national interest. The others are governments at the level of provinces or states that look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state.

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:
A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 percent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was stopped in 1965. However, many non- Hindi speaking States demanded that the use of English should continue. In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Many critics think that this solution favoured the English-speaking elites. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people speak a different language. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri Lanka finds itself in.
Q. What was the first and major test for democratic Politics in our country?
  • a)
    The creation of linguistic states
  • b)
    The creation of the language policy
  • c)
    The creation of new federal states
  • d)
    The creation of new federal territories
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Understanding the Major Test for Democratic Politics in India
The first and major test for democratic politics in India can be understood through the lens of the creation of linguistic states. Here’s a detailed explanation:
Background of Linguistic States
- After independence in 1947, India faced the challenge of uniting a diverse population with multiple languages and cultures.
- The demand for states to be formed on linguistic lines emerged as regional identities gained prominence.
Significance of Linguistic States
- The creation of linguistic states was crucial for addressing the aspirations of various linguistic communities.
- This approach helped in promoting local governance, enhancing administrative efficiency, and ensuring representation for different languages and cultures.
Political Implications
- The establishment of linguistic states marked a shift in political boundaries based on language, which was a bold move in a diverse nation like India.
- It showcased the democratic principle of accommodating diversity and gave a voice to regional aspirations.
Comparison with Language Policy
- While the language policy is important, it primarily deals with how languages are utilized in governance and administration.
- The creation of linguistic states was a foundational step that set the stage for subsequent policies, including language policy.
Conclusion
- Therefore, the creation of linguistic states stands out as the first and major test for democratic politics in India, as it directly addressed the complexities of a multilingual society and laid the groundwork for a more cohesive national framework.

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:
Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One is the government for the entire country that is usually responsible for a few subjects of common national interest. The others are governments at the level of provinces or states that look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state. Both these levels of governments enjoy their power independent of the other. In this sense, federations are contrasted with unitary governments. Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government. The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government. But in a federal system, the central government cannot order the state government to do something. State government has powers of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government. Both these governments are separately answerable to the people.
Q. Under which of the following systems, the central government can pass on orders to the provincial government?
  • a)
    Federal system
  • b)
    Monarchy
  • c)
    Unitary system
  • d)
    Dictatorship
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anita Menon answered
Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government. The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government.

Assertion (A): Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country.
Reason (R): In federalism, there are two levels of government, one for the entire country responsible for common national interests and others at the provincial or state level for day-to-day administration.
  • a)
    If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
  • b)
    If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
  • c)
    If Assertion is true but Reason is false
  • d)
    If both Assertion and Reason are false
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Akansha rao answered
Understanding Federalism
Federalism is a significant concept in governance, and both the assertion and reason provided are indeed accurate and interrelated.
Assertion (A)
- Federalism is defined as a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units, such as states or provinces.
- This division ensures that different levels of government can operate independently within their own spheres of authority.
Reason (R)
- In a federal system, there are two distinct levels of government:
- The central government, which handles national interests, such as defense, foreign policy, and trade.
- State or provincial governments, which manage local affairs and day-to-day administration, including education, transportation, and public health.
Explanation of the Correct Answer (Option A)
- Both the assertion and reason are true:
- The assertion accurately describes the essence of federalism.
- The reason elaborates on how this system functions by highlighting the roles of different levels of government.
- The reason effectively explains the assertion:
- It clarifies how the division of power enables both levels of government to operate effectively, showcasing the practical application of federalism.
Conclusion
- Therefore, the correct choice is option 'A': both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. This understanding is crucial for grasping the complexities of governance in a federal structure.

Who is the chairperson of Municipal Corporation?
  • a)
    Block development officer
  • b)
    Mayor
  • c)
    Sarpanch
  • d)
    Member of Lok Sabha
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Kapoor answered
The Mayor is the head of the municipal corporation, but the role is largely ceremonial as executive powers are vested in the municipal commissioner. The office of the Mayor combines a functional role of chairing the Corporation meeting as well as ceremonial role associated with being the First Citizen of the city.

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:
A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 percent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was stopped in 1965. However, many non- Hindi speaking States demanded that the use of English should continue. In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Many critics think that this solution favoured the English-speaking elites. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people speak a different language. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri Lanka finds itself in.
Q. How many languages are included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?
  • a)
    21 languages
  • b)
    20 languages
  • c)
    25 languages
  • d)
    22 languages
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Radha Iyer answered
The 22 languages in the Eighth Schedule are Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.

How many scheduled languages are recognized by the constitution
  • a)
    Besides Hindus, there are 18 scheduled, languages
  • b)
    Besides Hindi, there are 22 scheduled languages
  • c)
    Besides Hindi there are 21 scheduled languages
  • d)
    Besides Hindi there are 19 scheduled languages
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Raj Kapoor answered
Understanding Scheduled Languages in India
In the Indian Constitution, scheduled languages are those languages recognized by the Constitution to be used for official purposes.
Number of Scheduled Languages
- The Constitution of India initially recognized 14 languages in the Eighth Schedule.
- Over time, the number increased to 22 scheduled languages.
Clarifying the Options
- Option A: "Besides Hindus, there are 18 scheduled languages" - Incorrect, as it misinterprets the terminology of scheduled languages.
- Option B: "Besides Hindi, there are 22 scheduled languages" - Incorrect, as this implies that Hindi is not counted among the scheduled languages.
- Option C: "Besides Hindi, there are 21 scheduled languages" - Correct, as Hindi is one of the 22 scheduled languages, leaving 21 others.
- Option D: "Besides Hindi, there are 19 scheduled languages" - Incorrect, as it undercounts the total number of scheduled languages.
List of Scheduled Languages
The 22 scheduled languages recognized in the Constitution include:
1. Assamese
2. Bengali
3. Bodo
4. Dogri
5. Gujarati
6. Hindi
7. Kannada
8. Kashmiri
9. Konkani
10. Maithili
11. Malayalam
12. Manipuri
13. Marathi
14. Nepali
15. Odia
16. Punjabi
17. Sanskrit
18. Santali
19. Sindhi
20. Tamil
21. Telugu
22. Urdu
Conclusion
Thus, the correct answer is option C, which states that besides Hindi, there are 21 scheduled languages, totaling to 22. This highlights the linguistic diversity recognized in India, ensuring representation and preservation of multiple languages across the nation.

What was a significant concern regarding the formation of linguistic States in India?
  • a)
    Fear of cultural domination
  • b)
    Fear of economic instability
  • c)
    Fear of political disintegration
  • d)
    Fear of social inequality
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Nk Classes answered
  • The formation of linguistic States in India initially raised concerns about potential political disintegration, as some national leaders worried about the impact on the country's unity.
  • However, the experience has shown that linguistic States have actually contributed to greater national unity and administrative efficiency.

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:
A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 percent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was stopped in 1965. However, many non- Hindi speaking States demanded that the use of English should continue. In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Many critics think that this solution favoured the English-speaking elites. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people speak a different language. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri Lanka finds itself in.
Q. A candidate in an examination conducted for the central government positions has to opt for which language?
  • a)
    Hindi
  • b)
    English
  • c)
    Both Hindi and English
  • d)
    Any of the 21 languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nidhi nair answered
Language Options for Central Government Examination Candidates
Candidates appearing for examinations conducted for Central Government positions have the option to choose any of the 21 languages recognized as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. This means that candidates can opt to take the examination in a language of their choice from the list of Scheduled Languages.

Explanation:
- The Constitution of India recognizes 22 languages, with Hindi being identified as the official language. However, candidates appearing for central government exams are not bound to choose Hindi as the medium of examination.
- Apart from Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognized as Scheduled Languages, and candidates have the flexibility to select any of these languages for taking the examination.
- This provision ensures that candidates from diverse linguistic backgrounds have the opportunity to take the exam in a language they are comfortable with, promoting inclusivity and equal opportunities for all candidates.
- The option to choose any of the Scheduled Languages for the examination reflects the government's commitment to respecting the linguistic diversity of the country and providing a level playing field for all candidates.

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:
How many languages do we have in India? The answer depends on how one counts it. The latest information that we have is from the Census of India held in 2001. This census recorded more than 1500 distinct languages which people mentioned as their mother tongues. These languages were grouped together under some major languages. For example, languages like Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani, Bhili and many others were grouped together under 'Hindi'. Even after this grouping, the Census found 114 major languages. Of these 22 languages are now included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution and are therefore, called 'Scheduled Languages'. Others are called 'non- Scheduled Languages'. In terms of languages, India is perhaps the most diverse country in the world.
Q. In terms of __________, India is perhaps the most diverse country in the world.
  • a)
    population
  • b)
    languages
  • c)
    forests
  • d)
    religions
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Avinash Patel answered
India is a country with extreme diversity in geographical, religious, racial, linguistic and cultural bonding. In India, one can find a number of people living together sharing their culture and religion with love and enthusiasm. India is the most diverse land found anywhere else in the world. The diversity of India is unique. From language to different culture and religion, the country has been hailed as one of the most beautiful mixtures of various cultural identities.

What is the primary basis for the distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments in India?
  • a)
    Geographical size
  • b)
    Language diversity
  • c)
    Administrative convenience
  • d)
    Subject matter
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nk Classes answered
  • The distribution of legislative powers in India between the Union Government and the State Governments is primarily based on the subject matter.
  • This arrangement ensures that laws related to specific subjects are made by the appropriate level of government, creating a clear delineation of authority and responsibilities.

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