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Which gland stores hormone in intercellular space before its secretion into blood :-
  • a)
    Pancreas
  • b)
    Thyroid
  • c)
    Testis
  • d)
    Ovary
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Das answered
The Thyroid gland is the only endocrine gland that stores its secretory product in large quantities, normally about 10 days supplies in the extracellular space before discharging into the blood. It secretes iodinated hormone i.e., thyroxine and triiodothyronine that are stored in the colloid which fills the follicle cells and released to blood when needed.

Hormone that decrease calcium lavel in blood :-
  • a)
    Thyroxine
  • b)
    Parathormone
  • c)
    Thyrocalcitonin
  • d)
    Cortisol
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Riya Banerjee answered
The hormone calcitonin, which is produced by the parafollicular (or C) cells of the thyroid, has the opposite effect on blood calcium levels as PTH. Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts, stimulating osteoblasts, and stimulating calcium excretion by the kidneys. Hence, Option C.

Parathormone regulates :-
  • a)
    Blood calcium level
  • b)
    phosphate level
  • c)
    Body temperature
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Shah answered
The basal metabolic rate is regulated significantly by thyroid hormones, which also contribute to red blood cell formation. These hormones play a crucial role in overseeing the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Additionally, thyroid hormones impact the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance. The thyroid gland also produces thyrocalcitonin (TCT), a protein hormone that plays a role in regulating blood calcium levels.

One of the following is correct statement :-
  • a)
    T4 is more active than T3
  • b)
    T3 is more active than T4
  • c)
    T3 and T4 are the same
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Hansa Sharma answered
T3 is less tightly bound to plasma proteins than is T4 and is therefore more readily available for cellular uptake. T3 binds to nuclear receptors to a much greater extent than T4, hence T3 is more rapidly and biologically active than T4. T3 and T4 are deiodinated and deaminated in the tissues.

Hypothyroidism in adults causes :-
  • a)
    Addison's disease
  • b)
    Myxoedema
  • c)
    Sterility
  • d)
    Cretinism
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Pallavi Chopra answered
Ans.

There can be a number of causes, including autoimmune disease, hyperthyroidism treatments, radiation therapy, thyroid surgery and certain medications. Hypothyroidism results when the thyroid gland fails to produce enough hormones. Hypothyroidism may be due to a number of factors, including: Autoimmune disease
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis (or autoimmune hypothyroidism), a form of thyroid inflammation caused by your own immune system.

The hormones responsible for regulation of calcium and phosphorous metabolism is secreted  by :–
  • a)
    Pancreas
  • b)
    Thyroid
  • c)
    Thymus
  • d)
    Parathyroid
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ritika Reddy answered
Overview of Calcium and Phosphorus Regulation
Calcium and phosphorus are essential minerals involved in various physiological processes, including bone health, nerve function, and muscle contraction. The regulation of these minerals in the body is primarily controlled by hormones secreted by the parathyroid glands.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- The parathyroid glands, located behind the thyroid gland in the neck, secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- PTH plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis:
- It increases calcium levels in the blood by stimulating:
- The release of calcium from bones.
- The absorption of calcium in the intestines (via vitamin D).
- The reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys.
Calcitonin
- The thyroid gland also secretes calcitonin, which helps lower blood calcium levels. However, its role is less significant than that of PTH.
- Calcitonin works by:
- Inhibiting osteoclast activity (cells that break down bone).
- Promoting calcium deposition in bones.
Vitamin D
- Vitamin D, while not a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands, is essential for the action of PTH.
- It enhances intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, contributing to overall mineral balance.
Conclusion
The parathyroid glands are vital for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism through the secretion of parathyroid hormone. This hormone works in concert with calcitonin and vitamin D to maintain the delicate balance of these minerals, essential for numerous bodily functions. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - Parathyroid.

Removal of Parathyroids in human beings result in
  • a)
    Tetany
  • b)
    Simmond's disease
  • c)
    Myxoedema
  • d)
    Addison's disease
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Pallavi Pillai answered
Effects of Parathyroid Removal
Parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body. Removal of these glands can lead to various complications, one of which is tetany.

Tetany
Tetany is a condition characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms. This occurs due to a decrease in calcium levels in the blood, known as hypocalcemia. The parathyroid glands play a crucial role in maintaining calcium balance by releasing parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps in increasing calcium levels in the blood. Without the parathyroid glands, the body is unable to regulate calcium levels properly, leading to tetany.
In tetany, individuals may experience symptoms such as muscle cramps, twitching, numbness, tingling, and even seizures. These symptoms occur due to the overexcitability of nerves and muscles in the absence of adequate calcium levels.
Therefore, removal of the parathyroid glands can result in tetany due to hypocalcemia, highlighting the essential role these glands play in calcium homeostasis in the body.

Which of these diseases is not related to thyroid glands?
  • a)
    Cretinism
  • b)
    Myxoedema
  • c)
    Goitre
  • d)
    Acromegaly
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

- Acromegaly is the disease not related to the thyroid glands.
- Cretinism: Linked to thyroid hormone deficiency during infancy, leading to stunted growth and intellectual disability.
- Myxoedema: Results from severe hypothyroidism in adults, causing swelling, fatigue, and mental sluggishness.
- Goitre: Enlargement of the thyroid gland often due to iodine deficiency.
- Acromegaly: Caused by excess growth hormone post-puberty, leading to enlarged bones and tissues.

Exopthalmic goitre is caused due to hypersecretion of :-
  • a)
    Adrenal
  • b)
    Thyroid
  • c)
    Parathyroid
  • d)
    Thymus
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Puja Nambiar answered
Exophthalmic goiter is an endocrine disorder that is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism (excess secretion of thyroid hormone) and thyrotoxicosis (effects of excess thyroid hormone action in tissue). In this disease, the excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone is accompanied by diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland.

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) in body cells is regulated by :-
  • a)
    Parathyroid
  • b)
    Thyroid
  • c)
    Pituitary
  • d)
    Thymus
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

The primary organ responsible for regulating metabolism is the hypothalamus. An individual's basal metabolic rate is highly regulated by the thyroid gland through the secretion of thyroid hormone (TH). TH is used to refer to two similar molecules, thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The thyroids secretion of TH is in turn regulated by the body's concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) as part of a negative feedback loop with the hypothalamus...Thus, option B is right ans..

Which of the following correctly matches the thyroid-related condition with its associated feature?
(A) Thyroxine (T4) - Increases blood calcium levels
(B) Hypothyroidism - Causes exophthalmic goitre and weight loss
(C) Triiodothyronine (T3) - Regulates basal metabolic rate
(D) Graves’ Disease - Caused by iodine deficiency leading to goitre
  • a)
    Option A and C
  • b)
    Only Option B
  • c)
    Option C
  • d)
    Option C and Option D
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Overview of Thyroid-Related Conditions
Thyroid-related conditions are critical in understanding how thyroid hormones affect bodily functions. Let's analyze the options provided.
Option A: Thyroxine (T4) - Increases blood calcium levels
- Incorrect.
Thyroxine (T4) primarily regulates metabolism, not calcium levels. The hormone that increases blood calcium is parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Option B: Hypothyroidism - Causes exophthalmic goitre and weight loss
- Incorrect.
Hypothyroidism is characterized by weight gain, fatigue, and sometimes a goitre, but it does not cause exophthalmos (bulging eyes). Exophthalmos is typically associated with hyperthyroidism, particularly in Graves' disease.
Option C: Triiodothyronine (T3) - Regulates basal metabolic rate
- Correct.
Triiodothyronine (T3) is crucial for regulating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and overall metabolism. It helps increase oxygen consumption and energy production in cells.
Option D: Graves’ Disease - Caused by iodine deficiency leading to goitre
- Incorrect.
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to hyperthyroidism and is not caused by iodine deficiency. Instead, iodine deficiency typically leads to hypothyroidism and goitre formation.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, Option C correctly matches the thyroid-related condition with its associated feature. Triiodothyronine (T3) is essential for regulating the basal metabolic rate, making it the only accurate option among those presented. Therefore, the correct answer is Option C.

Parathormone deficiency in man causes :-
  • a)
    Hyper calcemia
  • b)
    Hypocalcaemia
  • c)
    Goitre
  • d)
    All
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered
Goitre is the enlargement of thyroid gland which occurs due to deficiency of iodine in the body. When the iodine levels are low, thyroid gland becomes hyper active and enlarged to compensate the deficiency of thyroid hormone in the body. The enlarged thyroid gland is visible as a swelling in the throat known as goitre.
Hypocalcemia is the condition of reduced sugar levels in blood.
Hypercalcemia is the condition of increased sugar levels in blood.
Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid hormone and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. Hence, its deficiency will lead to decreased sugar levels in blood i.e. hypocalcemia.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypocalcemia'

Goitre is a pathological condition associated with :-
  • a)
    Glucagon
  • b)
    Thyroxine
  • c)
    Progesterone
  • d)
    Testosterone
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Muraad answered
Goitre is actually a deficiency disorder caused due to the deficiency of iodine . It involves enlargement of thyroid gland. However , it can be also caused due to hyperthyroidism in some people.

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