All questions of Microbes in Human Welfare for NEET Exam

The answer Is D
because it is source of penicillin. a widely used antibiotic(B lactam antibiotic).
penicillin is anti bacterial drug

Heterocysts contain nitrogenase enzyme which helps to carry out nitrogen fixation.Nostoc show symbiotic association with corralloid roots of cycas and carries out nitrogen fixation.

Reninn also called as chymosin protein digesting enzymes that curdles milk by transforming caseinigen into indulge casein it is found only in the fourth stomach of cud chewing animals such as cows its action extend the period in which milk is retained in the stomach of the young animal in animal that reninn milk is coagulated by the action of person as the case in humans A commercial form of reninn and rennet is used in manufacturing cheese and preparing junket also .

Microbe Used in Commercial Production of Ethanol

The microbe used in the commercial production of ethanol is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Explanation

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast that is commonly used in the fermentation process to produce ethanol. It is a single-celled organism that feeds on sugar and converts it into alcohol and carbon dioxide. In the production of ethanol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is added to a mixture of sugar and water, which is then left to ferment for a period of time. During this process, the yeast consumes the sugar and produces ethanol as a by-product.

Advantages of Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

There are several advantages to using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the production of ethanol:

1. High Yield: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known for its high ethanol yield, which makes it a popular choice for commercial producers.

2. Fast Fermentation: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a fast-fermenting yeast, which means that it can produce ethanol quickly.

3. Easy to Handle: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is easy to handle and can be stored for long periods of time.

4. Cost-effective: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a cost-effective option for ethanol production.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the microbe used in the commercial production of ethanol. It is a fast-fermenting yeast that is known for its high ethanol yield and is cost-effective to use.

Selman Waksman, the microbiologist who discovered streptomycin, first used the word "antibiotic" in the medical sense in 1943. Science historian Howard Markel talks about how it was actually a naval officer who first coined "antibiotic" in 1860, to describe an opposition to the belief in life beyond Earth

Antibiotics does not work for viruses because antibiotics attack cell wall but viruses do not have cell wall

NCERT 12th page no. 188

The activated sludge process is a type of wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewater using aeration and a Biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa.Thats it.

Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for you, especially your digestive system. We usually think of these as germs that cause diseases. But your body is full of bacteria, both good and bad. Probiotics are often called "good" or "helpful" bacteria because they help keep your gut healthy. You can find probiotics in supplements and some foods, like yogurt. Doctors often suggest them to help with digestive problems. When you lose "good" bacteria in your body, for example after you take antibiotics, probiotics can help replace them. They can help balance your "good" and "bad" bacteria to keep your body working the way it should.

No

Lactic acid is rich in Vitamin B12.

Fermentation is the process of producing ATP in the absence of oxygen, through glycolysis alone. that the glycolysis breaks a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, producing a net gain of two ATP and two NADH molecules.

The raw material for biogas production is excreta (dung) of cattle. The biogas plant consists of a concrete tank (10-15 feet deep) in which bio-wastes are collected and slurry of dung is fed. A floating cover is placed over the slurry, which keeps on rising as the gas is produced in the tank due to the microbial activity. Methano bacterium in the dung act on the bio-wastes to produce bio-gas. The gas produced is supplied to nearby houses by an outlet. Through another outlet, the spent slurry is removed to be used as manure. 

Introduction to Biocontrol Agents
Biocontrol agents are organisms that are used to control pests and diseases in plants. Among various biocontrol agents, Trichoderma is widely recognized for its effectiveness in managing plant diseases.
What is Trichoderma?
- Trichoderma is a genus of fungi that are commonly found in soil and decaying plant material.
- These fungi are known for their ability to promote plant growth and suppress diseases.
Mechanisms of Action
- Antagonism: Trichoderma species can outcompete pathogenic fungi for resources and space, effectively reducing their populations.
- Mycoparasitism: Certain Trichoderma species directly invade and degrade the cells of pathogenic fungi, leading to their demise.
- Induced Resistance: Trichoderma can stimulate the plant's immune system, enhancing its resistance to diseases.
Advantages of Using Trichoderma
- Non-toxic: Unlike chemical fungicides, Trichoderma is environmentally friendly and safe for non-target organisms, including humans and beneficial insects.
- Soil Health: Trichoderma contributes to soil health by enhancing nutrient availability and promoting microbial diversity.
- Cost-effective: Utilizing Trichoderma can reduce the reliance on chemical inputs, leading to cost savings for farmers.
Conclusion
In summary, Trichoderma stands out as a potent biocontrol agent for managing plant diseases due to its multifaceted mechanisms of action and numerous benefits. Its use not only helps in controlling pathogens but also supports sustainable agricultural practices, making it an invaluable tool in modern agriculture.

Baculoviruses are indeed species-specific but not broad-spectrum insecticides; they are narrow-spectrum, targeting specific insect pests. Hence, Option A is incorrectly matched.