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All questions of Biotechnology and its Applications for NEET Exam
In history of biology, human genome project led to the development of :[2011M]- a)biotechnology
- b)biomonitoring
- c)bioinformatics
- d)biosystematics
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In history of biology, human genome project led to the development of :
[2011M]
a)
biotechnology
b)
biomonitoring
c)
bioinformatics
d)
biosystematics
 | Diya Datta answered |
Common activities in bioinformatics include mapping and analysing DNA and protein sequences, aligning different DNA etc are the part of human genome project.
Which of the following Bt crops is being grown in India by the farmers?[NEET 2013]- a)Cotton
- b)Brinjal
- c)Soyabean
- d)Maize
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following Bt crops is being grown in India by the farmers?
[NEET 2013]
a)
Cotton
b)
Brinjal
c)
Soyabean
d)
Maize
 | Harshitha Dey answered |
Bt cotton is being grown in India by the farmers. Bt cotton is pest resistant plant which could decreased the pesticides used. Bt toxin is produced by a bacterium Bacillus thusringiensis (Bt for short). Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and been expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides.
Continuous addition of sugars in ‘fed batch’ fermentation is done to:[2011]- a)produce methane
- b)obtain antibiotics
- c)purify enzymes
- d)degrade sewage
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Continuous addition of sugars in ‘fed batch’ fermentation is done to:
[2011]
a)
produce methane
b)
obtain antibiotics
c)
purify enzymes
d)
degrade sewage
 | Subhankar Datta answered |
A fed batch is a biotechnological batch process which is based on feeding of a growth limiting nutrient substrate to culture. It is done for purifying enzymes.
Given below are two statements: [NEET 2024]
Statement I: RNA interference takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
Statement II: RNAi involves the silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary single-stranded RNA molecule that binds and prevents translation of mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:- a)Statement I is True but Statement II is False.
- b)Statement I is False but Statement II is True.
- c)Both Statement I and Statement II are True.
- d)Both Statement I and Statement II are False.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Given below are two statements: [NEET 2024]
Statement I: RNA interference takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
Statement II: RNAi involves the silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary single-stranded RNA molecule that binds and prevents translation of mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Statement I: RNA interference takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
Statement II: RNAi involves the silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary single-stranded RNA molecule that binds and prevents translation of mRNA.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a)
Statement I is True but Statement II is False.
b)
Statement I is False but Statement II is True.
c)
Both Statement I and Statement II are True.
d)
Both Statement I and Statement II are False.
 | Sagar Kumar answered |
Analysis of the Statements
To determine the validity of the given statements regarding RNA interference (RNAi), let's break them down.
Statement I: RNA interference takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
- Truth Value: False
- Explanation: While RNA interference is a common mechanism in many eukaryotic organisms, it is not universal. Certain eukaryotes, particularly some fungi and plants, have well-studied RNAi pathways, but others may not utilize this mechanism as a form of defense against viruses or transposons. Hence, it is incorrect to state that RNAi occurs in all eukaryotic organisms.
Statement II: RNAi involves the silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary single-stranded RNA molecule that binds and prevents translation of mRNA.
- Truth Value: True
- Explanation: RNA interference indeed involves the silencing of specific mRNA molecules. This process typically utilizes small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) that are complementary to the target mRNA. When these small RNA molecules bind to their respective mRNA, they can lead to the degradation of the mRNA or inhibit its translation, effectively silencing the gene expression.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- Statement I is False, and Statement II is True.
Thus, the correct answer is option B: Statement I is False but Statement II is True.
To determine the validity of the given statements regarding RNA interference (RNAi), let's break them down.
Statement I: RNA interference takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
- Truth Value: False
- Explanation: While RNA interference is a common mechanism in many eukaryotic organisms, it is not universal. Certain eukaryotes, particularly some fungi and plants, have well-studied RNAi pathways, but others may not utilize this mechanism as a form of defense against viruses or transposons. Hence, it is incorrect to state that RNAi occurs in all eukaryotic organisms.
Statement II: RNAi involves the silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary single-stranded RNA molecule that binds and prevents translation of mRNA.
- Truth Value: True
- Explanation: RNA interference indeed involves the silencing of specific mRNA molecules. This process typically utilizes small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) that are complementary to the target mRNA. When these small RNA molecules bind to their respective mRNA, they can lead to the degradation of the mRNA or inhibit its translation, effectively silencing the gene expression.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- Statement I is False, and Statement II is True.
Thus, the correct answer is option B: Statement I is False but Statement II is True.
The most common substrate used in distilleries for the production of ethanol is[2011]- a)corn meal
- b)soya meal
- c)ground gram
- d)molasses
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The most common substrate used in distilleries for the production of ethanol is
[2011]
a)
corn meal
b)
soya meal
c)
ground gram
d)
molasses
 | Abhishek Choudhary answered |
Molasses are commonly used in distillaries for the production of ethanol. The molasses is diluted to a mash containing 10-20 wt % of sugar. By the fermentation system of molasses ethanol can be produced.
Silencing of mRNA has been used in producing transgenic plants resistant to:[2011M]- a)bollworms
- b)nematodes
- c)white rusts
- d)bacterial blights
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Silencing of mRNA has been used in producing transgenic plants resistant to:
[2011M]
a)
bollworms
b)
nematodes
c)
white rusts
d)
bacterial blights
 | Pooja Choudhary answered |
In this technique nematode specific genes are introduced in the host plant in such a way that it produces both sense and antisense RNA. The two RNA’s being complementary to each other from a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) which is also called interfering RNA responsible for initiating RNA interference (RNA i). This (dsRNA) bind to and prevent translation of specific mRNA of nematode (gene silencing). Thus transgenic plants based on RNAi technology are resistant to nematode.
Tobacco plants resistant to a nematode have been developed by the introduction of DNA that produced (in the host cells)[2012M]- a)both sense and anti-sense RNA
- b)a particular hormone
- c)an antifeedant
- d)a toxic protein
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Tobacco plants resistant to a nematode have been developed by the introduction of DNA that produced (in the host cells)
[2012M]
a)
both sense and anti-sense RNA
b)
a particular hormone
c)
an antifeedant
d)
a toxic protein
 | Mahesh Saini answered |
RNA interference technique, sense & antisense RNA fused to form dsRNA that silent the expression of m- RNA of nematode. RNA interference is a novel strategy adopted to prevent infestation of nematode Meloidegyne incognitia in roots of tobacco plants.
Which of the following is not an application of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)? [2021]- a)Purification of isolated protein
- b)Detection of gene mutation
- c)Molecular diagnosis
- d)Gene amplification
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is not an application of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)? [2021]
a)
Purification of isolated protein
b)
Detection of gene mutation
c)
Molecular diagnosis
d)
Gene amplification
 | Raghav Bansal answered |
However, very low concentration of a bacteria or virus (at a time when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible) can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR. It is being used to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients too.
Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living organism ?[2011M]- a)Recombinant DNA techniques
- b)X-ray diffraction
- c)Heavier isotope labelling
- d)Hybridization
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living organism ?
[2011M]
a)
Recombinant DNA techniques
b)
X-ray diffraction
c)
Heavier isotope labelling
d)
Hybridization
 | Niti Kumar answered |
Recombinant DNA techniques
Recombinant DNA techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living organisms. These techniques involve the manipulation of DNA molecules to introduce new genetic material into an organism, resulting in the expression of desired traits.
Recombinant DNA techniques involve several steps:
1. Isolation of DNA: The first step in genetic engineering is to isolate the DNA of interest. This can be done by extracting DNA from cells using various methods, such as cell lysis and purification.
2. Cutting DNA: Once the DNA is isolated, it needs to be cut into smaller fragments. Restriction enzymes, also known as molecular scissors, are used to cut the DNA at specific recognition sites. These enzymes are highly specific and recognize specific DNA sequences.
3. Inserting DNA: After the DNA is cut, it can be combined with other DNA molecules. This is done by using DNA ligase, an enzyme that joins the ends of DNA fragments together. The resulting molecule is called recombinant DNA.
4. Transformation: The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism, such as bacteria or yeast, using a process called transformation. The host organism takes up the recombinant DNA and incorporates it into its own genome.
5. Expression of desired traits: Once the recombinant DNA is integrated into the host organism's genome, it can be expressed, resulting in the production of desired traits. For example, a gene encoding a specific protein can be introduced into a bacterium, which then produces the protein in large quantities.
6. Selection and screening: To identify organisms containing the desired recombinant DNA, selection and screening methods are used. These methods can include antibiotic resistance markers or specific gene expression assays.
Recombinant DNA techniques have revolutionized the field of biotechnology and have allowed scientists to genetically engineer living organisms for various purposes, such as producing valuable proteins, developing genetically modified crops, and studying gene function. These techniques have wide-ranging applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
Recombinant DNA techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living organisms. These techniques involve the manipulation of DNA molecules to introduce new genetic material into an organism, resulting in the expression of desired traits.
Recombinant DNA techniques involve several steps:
1. Isolation of DNA: The first step in genetic engineering is to isolate the DNA of interest. This can be done by extracting DNA from cells using various methods, such as cell lysis and purification.
2. Cutting DNA: Once the DNA is isolated, it needs to be cut into smaller fragments. Restriction enzymes, also known as molecular scissors, are used to cut the DNA at specific recognition sites. These enzymes are highly specific and recognize specific DNA sequences.
3. Inserting DNA: After the DNA is cut, it can be combined with other DNA molecules. This is done by using DNA ligase, an enzyme that joins the ends of DNA fragments together. The resulting molecule is called recombinant DNA.
4. Transformation: The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism, such as bacteria or yeast, using a process called transformation. The host organism takes up the recombinant DNA and incorporates it into its own genome.
5. Expression of desired traits: Once the recombinant DNA is integrated into the host organism's genome, it can be expressed, resulting in the production of desired traits. For example, a gene encoding a specific protein can be introduced into a bacterium, which then produces the protein in large quantities.
6. Selection and screening: To identify organisms containing the desired recombinant DNA, selection and screening methods are used. These methods can include antibiotic resistance markers or specific gene expression assays.
Recombinant DNA techniques have revolutionized the field of biotechnology and have allowed scientists to genetically engineer living organisms for various purposes, such as producing valuable proteins, developing genetically modified crops, and studying gene function. These techniques have wide-ranging applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
Which of the following statements is not correct? [2020]- a)The functional insulin has A and B chains linked together by hydrogen bonds.
- b)Genetically engineered insulin is produced in E-Coli.
- c)In man insulin is synthesised as a proinsulin.
- d)The proinsulin has an extra peptide called C-peptide.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following statements is not correct? [2020]
a)
The functional insulin has A and B chains linked together by hydrogen bonds.
b)
Genetically engineered insulin is produced in E-Coli.
c)
In man insulin is synthesised as a proinsulin.
d)
The proinsulin has an extra peptide called C-peptide.
 | Suresh Iyer answered |
The functional insulin molecule has two chains A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges and not hydrogen bonds.
What triggers activation of protoxin to active toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in boll worm? [2019]- a)Acidic pH of stomach
- b)Body temperature
- c)Moist surface of midgut
- d)Alkaline pH of gut
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
What triggers activation of protoxin to active toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in boll worm? [2019]
a)
Acidic pH of stomach
b)
Body temperature
c)
Moist surface of midgut
d)
Alkaline pH of gut
 | Hansa Sharma answered |
Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans and dipterans. B. thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth. These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein which exists as inactive protoxins but once an insect ingest the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form of toxin due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilise the crystals.
Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence.
A. Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell
B. Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme
C. Isolation of desired DNA fragment
D. Amplification of gene of interest using PCR
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:- a)C, A, B, D
- b)C, B, D, A
- c)B, D, A, C
- d)B, C, D, A
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence.
A. Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell
B. Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme
C. Isolation of desired DNA fragment
D. Amplification of gene of interest using PCR
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A. Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell
B. Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme
C. Isolation of desired DNA fragment
D. Amplification of gene of interest using PCR
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a)
C, A, B, D
b)
C, B, D, A
c)
B, D, A, C
d)
B, C, D, A
 | Stepway Academy answered |
The correct answer is option (D) because recombinant DNA technology involves several steps in specific sequence such as isolation of DNA, fragmentation of DNA by restriction endonucleases, isolation of desired DNA fragment, ligation of the DNA fragment into a vector, transferring the recombinant DNA into the host, culturing the host cells in a medium at large scale and extraction of the desired product.
Which of the following is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes? [2018]- a)Retrovirus
- b)Ti plasmid
- c)λ phage
- d)pBR322
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes? [2018]
a)
Retrovirus
b)
Ti plasmid
c)
λ phage
d)
pBR322
| | Hansa Sharma answered |
Retroviruses cause cancer in animals including humans. So modified retroviruses are used to transfer desirable genes into animal cells. It is used in gene therapy, in which lymphocytes from blood of patient are taken and grown in culture medium outside the body, a functional gene is introduced by using a retroviral vector into these lymphocytes which are again reintroduced into the patient body.
Which kind of therapy was given in 1990 to a four-year-old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency? [2016]- a)Gene therapy
- b)Chemotherapy
- c)Immunotherapy
- d)Radiation therapy
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which kind of therapy was given in 1990 to a four-year-old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency? [2016]
a)
Gene therapy
b)
Chemotherapy
c)
Immunotherapy
d)
Radiation therapy
 | Jyoti Sengupta answered |
Gene therapy is a technique of genetic engineering which involves replacement of a faulty/disease causing gene by a normal healthy functional gene. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. This enzyme is very important for the immune system to function. The deficiency of this enzyme can lead to severe combined immune deficiency (SCID).
Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of :[2011]- a)fish
- b)mice
- c)cow
- d)pig
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of :
[2011]
a)
fish
b)
mice
c)
cow
d)
pig
 | Shounak Nair answered |
In the world maximum num ber of existing transgenic animals is mice.
The first clinical gene therapy was given for treating[2012M]- a)chicken pox
- b)diabetes mellitus
- c)rheumatoid arthritis
- d)adenosine deaminase deficiency
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The first clinical gene therapy was given for treating
[2012M]
a)
chicken pox
b)
diabetes mellitus
c)
rheumatoid arthritis
d)
adenosine deaminase deficiency
 | Krish Patel answered |
Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. The first clinical gene therapy was given for treating adenosine deaminase deficiency. A four-year old girl became the first gene therapy patient on September 14, 1990 at the NIH Clinical Center. Adenosine deaminase deficiency, also called ADA deficiency or ADASCID is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that causes immunodeficiency. ADA deficiency is due to a lack of the enzyme adenosine deaminase.
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