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All questions of Inflammation for PLAB/UKMLA Exam
A 28-year-old woman, Vimla is being evaluated to find the cause of her urine turning a dark brown color after a recent upper respiratory tract infection. She has been otherwise symptomatic, and her blood pressure has been within normal limits. Urinalysis finds moderate blood present with red cells and red cell casts. Immunofluorescence examination of a renal biopsy reveals deposits of IgA within the mesangium. These clinical findings suggest that her disorder is associated with activation of the alternate complement system. Which of the following serum laboratory findings is the most suggestive of activation of the alternate complement system rather than the classic complement system?
- a)a
- b)b
- c)c
- d)d
- e)e
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
A 28-year-old woman, Vimla is being evaluated to find the cause of her urine turning a dark brown color after a recent upper respiratory tract infection. She has been otherwise symptomatic, and her blood pressure has been within normal limits. Urinalysis finds moderate blood present with red cells and red cell casts. Immunofluorescence examination of a renal biopsy reveals deposits of IgA within the mesangium. These clinical findings suggest that her disorder is associated with activation of the alternate complement system. Which of the following serum laboratory findings is the most suggestive of activation of the alternate complement system rather than the classic complement system?
a)
a
b)
b
c)
c
d)
d
e)
e
 | Ciel Knowledge answered |
Activation of the complement cascade can lead to the local accumulation of C3, detectable through specific histological techniques. If a patient experiences extensive activation of the complement system, serum tests may reveal reduced C3 levels. Specifically, activation of the classical complement pathway results in diminished levels of the early complement components, including C1, C4, and C2. Conversely, activation of the alternative complement pathway lowers C3 levels, while the early factors (C2 and C4) remain at normal levels. A condition linked with the activation of the alternative complement system is IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease), which is marked by the deposition of IgA in the mesangium of the glomeruli.
Which among the following is the hallmark of acute inflammation? (AI 2011, AIIMS May 2010)- a)Vasoconstriction
- b)Stasis
- c)Vasodilation and increase in permeability
- d)Leukocyte margination
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
a)
Vasoconstriction
b)
Stasis
c)
Vasodilation and increase in permeability
d)
Leukocyte margination
| | Ciel Knowledge answered |
A defining feature of acute inflammation is the heightened vascular permeability, which results in the leakage of protein-rich exudate into the extravascular tissue, leading to swelling.
A 14-year-old girl Radha has high grade fever. She goes to a physician Dr. Jeeva Roy who orders for some blood investigations. A complete blood count with differential implies the presence of a viral infection. Which of the following best describes the cells that indicate a viral etiology to her illness?- a)They are basophilic with spherical dark-stained nuclei
- b)They are precursors of osteoclasts and liver Kupffer cells
- c)They contain a peripheral hyalomere and central granulomere
- d)They have azurophilic granules and multilobed nuclei
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
A 14-year-old girl Radha has high grade fever. She goes to a physician Dr. Jeeva Roy who orders for some blood investigations. A complete blood count with differential implies the presence of a viral infection. Which of the following best describes the cells that indicate a viral etiology to her illness?
a)
They are basophilic with spherical dark-stained nuclei
b)
They are precursors of osteoclasts and liver Kupffer cells
c)
They contain a peripheral hyalomere and central granulomere
d)
They have azurophilic granules and multilobed nuclei
| | Ciel Knowledge answered |
Lymphocytosis is linked to viral infections. These cells are typically small, displaying basophilic characteristics with spherical, dark-stained nuclei, and they usually make up nearly 30% of leukocytes.
- There are two primary types of lymphocytes: T cells, which play a role in cell-mediated immunity, and B cells, which are involved in humoral immunity.
Monocytes serve as precursors to osteoclasts and liver Kupffer cells, and they also develop into tissue macrophages and alveolar macrophages. Platelets consist of a peripheral hyalomere and a central granulomere. Neutrophils possess azurophilic granules and have multilobed nuclei, increasing in quantity as a response to bacterial infections.
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