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All questions of The Revolt of 1857 for UPSC CSE Exam

Match the following:
 
  • a)
    (A-III) (B-II) (C-I) (D-IV)
  • b)
    (A-IV) (B-III) (C-II) (D-I)
  • c)
    (A-I) (B-II) (C-III) (D-IV)
  • d)
    (A-IV) (B-III) (C-I) (D-II)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

K.L Institute answered
B is the correct option.
  1. Sir John Lawrence, the Chief Commissioner mutiny resulted from cartridge affair 
  2. Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet, English general and political officer in India ... At the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny of 1857 he was recalled from Iran, given ... The British military commander Sir James Outram thought it was a Muslim conspiracy.
  3. In 1876, at the prompting of Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli when rebellion was formed by Brahmans on religious pretences.
  4. Charles Canning, the Governor-General of India during the rebellion of 1857.
     

What is the correct chronological order of the following revolts?
I. Kacha Nagas revolt of Cachar
II. Thadoe Kukis revolt of Manipur
III. Munda revolt of Chotanagpur
  • a)
    I, II, III
  • b)
    II, I, III
  • c)
    III, II, I
  • d)
    I, III, II
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanvi Kapoor answered
Kachnagas revolt took place in Cachar region of Assam in 1882,. The leader of this revolt was Sambudhan. The revolt was crushed brutally by the British
The Munda revolt led by Birsa, called Ulgulan or the great tumult, started in 1899. A series of concerted attacks were unleashed on the British using guerrilla warfare tactics
The Great Kuki Rebellion took place in 1917.

Who said “Without own hands we shall not our Azadshahi (independent rule) bury”?
  • a)
    Rani Lakshmibai
  • b)
    Kunwar Singh
  • c)
    Nana Sahib
  • d)
    Maulavi Ahmadullah
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Sharma answered
Answer: A. Rani LakshmibaiRani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, is known to have said, "Without own hands we shall not our Azadshahi (independent rule) bury." This quote highlights her determination and courage to fight against the British forces during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Explanation:- Rani Lakshmibai was a prominent figure in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence.- She led the revolt against British rule in the state of Jhansi, which was annexed by the British East India Company under the Doctrine of Lapse.- The quote showcases her strong belief in self-reliance and the importance of active participation in the struggle for independence.- Rani Lakshmibai's fierce resistance against the British forces earned her a legendary status as a symbol of resistance to British rule in India.

Which social legislation was disliked by many Hindus which made them dislike the British?
  • a)
    Abolition to sati
  • b)
    Legislation of widow remarriage
  • c)
    Both (a) and (b)
  • d)
    Abolition of slavery
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Verma answered
The correct answer is option (C). Abolition to Sati and Legislation of widow marriage were disliked by hindus and made them dislike the British.
Due to fierce campaign and lobbying of Raja Rammohan Roy and others,Sati practice was formally banned in all the lands under Bengal Presidency by Lord William Bentinck on 4 December 1829. By this regulation, the people who abetted sati were declared guilty of “culpable homicide.”
The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856, also Act XV, 1856, enacted on 26 July 1856, legalised the remarriage of Hindu widows in all jurisdictions of India under East India Company rule. It was drafted by Lord Dalhousie and passed by Lord Dalhousie before the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

The privilege of the postage so long enjoyed by the sepoys in the Company’s army was withdrawn with the passing of the Post Office Act of
  • a)
    1850
  • b)
    1852
  • c)
    1854
  • d)
    1856
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

The privilege of free postage so long enjoyed by the scpoys was withdrawn with the passing of the Post Office Act of 1854 Besides, the disparity in numbers between European and Indian troops had lately been growing greater. In 1856, the Company's army consisted of 238,000 native and 45,322 British soldiers. 

Match the following leaders of the Revolt of 1857 with their centres of activity:
  • a)
    [A-I], [B-II], [C-V], [D-III]
  • b)
    [A-I], [B-II], [C-IV], [D-V]
  • c)
    [A-I], [B-II], [C-IV], [D-III]
  • d)
    [A-I], [B-II], [C-III], [D-IV]
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rahul Mehta answered
Jhansi was a Maratha-ruled princely state in Bundelkhand. When the Raja of Jhansi died without a biological male heir in 1853, it was annexed to the British Raj by the Governor-General of India under the doctrine of lapse. His widow, Rani Lakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi protested against the denial of rights of their adopted son. When war broke out, Jhansi quickly became a center of the rebellion.
On 12th May Delhi was seized and Bahadur Shah II was proclaimed the emperor of India. The real command was in the hands of Bakht Khan who had led the revolt at Bareilly and brought the troops to Delhi.
Nana Saheb led the struggle for Independence at Kanpur. The British surrendered in June 1857. A large number of Englishmen, women and children were captured by an infuriated mob. The British defeated Nana Saheb in December, 1857. Nana Saheb fled towards Nepal, where he probably died. His general, Tantia Tope, escaped to Kalpi.
The Revolt of 1857 was a prolonged period of armed uprising as well as rebellions in Northern and Central India against British. It began in Meerut by Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of the British East India Company and later spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow. In Awadh and Lucknow, the mutiny was led by Begum Hazrat Mahal. After a long siege, Lucknow was again re-captured by the British, forcing Hazrat Mahal to retreat in 1858.

 The Scindia of Gwalior, the Raja of Jodhpur and the Nizam of Hyderabad, besides others, helped the British in crushing the Revolt. Who remarked that these rulers and chiefs “acted as the breakwaters to the storm which would have otherwise swept us in once great wave?”
  • a)
    Lord Canning
  • b)
    Sir John Lawrence
  • c)
    Lord Curzon
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Reddy answered
Answer: A: Lord Canning

Explanation:
- The remark that these rulers and chiefs “acted as the breakwaters to the storm which would have otherwise swept us in one great wave” was made by Lord Canning, who was the Governor-General of India during the 1857 Revolt.
- The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising against the rule of the British East India Company in India.
- The Scindia of Gwalior, the Raja of Jodhpur, and the Nizam of Hyderabad played significant roles in supporting the British during the Revolt.
- Their support was crucial for the British in suppressing the rebellion and maintaining their control over India.
- Lord Canning's statement highlights the importance of these rulers and chiefs in preventing the rebellion from becoming a more significant threat to British rule in India.

What causes were responsible for the failure of the Revolt of 1857?
I. The rebels lacked a supreme head.
I. Most vested interests in India remained firm in their loyalty to the British.
III. The rebels had negligible financial resources.
IV. Modern scientific means of communication were under the control of the British.
  • a)
    I, II, III, IV
  • b)
    I, III, IV
  • c)
    III and IV
  • d)
    II, III, IV
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ravi Sharma answered
The main reasons behind the failure of the Revolt of 1857 were : 
  • Lack of Planning and Co-ordination.
  • Weak Leadership of the 1857 Mutiny.
  • Superior British Army.
  • Limited Supplies and Lack of Modern Communication.
  • Lack of Societal Alternative.
  • The Princes and Educated Classes did not participate.
  • Limited Spread of the Revolt.

Which of the following not only kept aloof from the tremendous political upsurge, but also rendered memorable service to the British in 1857?
  • a)
    The middle class
  • b)
    The backward castes
  • c)
    The feudatory princes
  • d)
    All of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Jain answered
When the British arrived India,  they saw rivalry among Indian kings because of land so they use this rivalry against Indian kings as tool of success and they simply help one king to defend or defeat another king and in return British ask for money to maintain army and weapons, if king give them money they help him otherwise they attack him because he/she broke the treaty this is how British empire setup in India.

Khan Bahadur Khan took part in the Revolt of 1857 by leading a rebellion in
  • a)
    Allahabad
  • b)
    Bereilly
  • c)
    Satara
  • d)
    Indore
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Tarun Datta answered
Khan Bahadur Khan Rohilla
 (1823 – 24 February 1860) was the grandson of 
Hafiz Rahmat Khan
, who was the Nawab of R
hilkhand
o in Uttar Pradesh. He formed his own government in 
Bareilly
 in the 1857 Indian revolt against the British. When the 
Indian Rebellion of 1857
 failed, Bareilly, too, was subjugated by the British. He escaped to 
Nepal
 where the Nepalese captured him and turned him over to the British. Khan Bahadur Khan Rohilla was sentenced to death and hanged in the Kotwali (Police Station, Dhaka) on 24 February 1860

Before the outbreak of the revolt of 1857 at Meerut Mangal Pandey had become a martyr on 29 March 1857(he was hanged) at
  • a)
    Lucknow
  • b)
    Faizabad
  • c)
    Bhagalpur
  • d)
    Barrackpore
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

D is the correct option.Mangal Pandey was arrested and sentenced to death after he attacked British officers in Barrackpore on March 29, 1857. Anticipating a revolt, British authorities moved up his initial execution date from April 18 to April 8, when he was hanged.

Match the following leaders of the Revolt of 1857 with their centres of activity:
  • a)
    [A-I], [B-III]
  • b)
    [A-II], [B-I]
  • c)
    [A-III], [B-II]
  • d)
    [A-I], [B-II]
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Arshiya Mehta answered
The revolt spread over the entire area from the neighborhood of Patna to the borders of Rajasthan. The main centers of revolt in these regions namely Kanpur, Lucknow, Bareilly, Jhansi, Gwalior, and Arrah in Bihar. Following is a list of important leaders who took part in the revolt from different parts of the country: 



The revolt of 1857 was an unprecedented event in the history of British rule in India. It united, though in a limited way, many sections of Indian society for a common cause. Though the revolt failed to achieve the desired goal, it sowed the seeds of Indian nationalism.

Which of the following has been accused by some historians of carrying on intrigues with the British during the Revolt of 1857?
  • a)
    Zeenat Mahal
  • b)
    Tantia Tope
  • c)
    Kunwar Singh
  • d)
    Maulavi Ahmadullah
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Shilpa Yadav answered
Zeenat Mahal has been accused by some historians of carrying on intrigues with the British during the Revolt of 1857.

The Revolt of 1857, also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 or the First War of Independence, was a major uprising against British rule in India. It began in Meerut on May 10, 1857, and quickly spread to other parts of the country. The revolt was a result of various grievances, including political, economic, social, and religious factors.

During the revolt, several leaders emerged who played significant roles in organizing and leading the rebellion against British rule. One of these leaders was Zeenat Mahal, who was the wife of the last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah II.

Zeenat Mahal, also known as Begum Zeenat Mahal, was accused by some historians of secretly communicating and collaborating with the British during the revolt. It is believed that she was in contact with British officials and provided them with information about the rebel activities and plans.

However, it is important to note that these accusations are controversial and not universally accepted by all historians. Some argue that Zeenat Mahal was merely trying to protect her family and ensure their safety in a tumultuous time. Others believe that she may have been coerced or manipulated by the British.

Regardless of the truth behind these accusations, Zeenat Mahal's role during the revolt remains a subject of debate among historians. The complexities of her position as the wife of the Mughal Emperor and the political circumstances of the time make it difficult to ascertain her true motivations and actions.

In conclusion, Zeenat Mahal has been accused by some historians of carrying on intrigues with the British during the Revolt of 1857. However, the veracity of these accusations is a matter of historical debate and interpretation.

Who openly declared that “the Christianization of India was to be the ultimate end of one continued possession of it”
  • a)
    Major Edwards
  • b)
    Colonel Malleson
  • c)
    Lord Curzon
  • d)
    Lord Canning
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amar Menon answered
In 1857 Mr. Mangles, the Chairman of the Directors of the East India Company, in the House of Commons said that Providence has entrusted the extensive empire of Hindustan to England in order that the banner of Christ should wave triumphant from one end of India to the other. Everyone must exert all his strength that there may be no dilatoriness on any account in continuing in the country the grand work of making all Indians Christians. Major Edwards also openly declared that the Christianization of India was to be the ultimate end of our continued possession of it. Lord Shaftsbury believed that the failure to Christianize India was the cause of the whole trouble. 
 

Azimullah was an expert political propagandist.He was a Ioyal follower of
  • a)
    Rani Lakshmibai
  • b)
    Nana Sahib
  • c)
    Kunwar Singh
  • d)
    Bahadur Shah II
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sahana Menon answered
Explanation:

Rani Lakshmibai:
Rani Lakshmibai, also known as the Rani of Jhansi, was a prominent figure in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against British colonial rule. She was a warrior queen and played an active role in the uprising. However, there is no evidence or historical record suggesting that Azimullah was a loyal follower of Rani Lakshmibai.

Nana Sahib:
Nana Sahib, born as Dhondu Pant, was one of the prominent leaders of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He played a crucial role in the revolt and was considered a symbol of resistance against the British Raj. Nana Sahib was known for his political acumen and military leadership. It is unlikely that Azimullah was a loyal follower of Nana Sahib because there is no historical evidence supporting this claim.

Kunwar Singh:
Kunwar Singh, also known as Veer Kunwar Singh, was a notable freedom fighter from Bihar. He actively participated in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and led a rebellion against the British forces. While Kunwar Singh was a respected leader, there is no mention of Azimullah being his loyal follower in historical records.

Bahadur Shah II:
Bahadur Shah II, also known as Zafar, was the last Mughal emperor of India. He was a figurehead during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and was widely seen as a symbol of the uprising. Azimullah, being an expert political propagandist, was likely to support and be a loyal follower of Bahadur Shah II, as he would have recognized the symbolic power and influence the emperor held over the masses.

Conclusion:
Based on historical records and the roles of various leaders during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, it can be concluded that Azimullah was a loyal follower of Bahadur Shah II. The emperor's position as a figurehead and symbol of the uprising would have made him an attractive leader for a political propagandist like Azimullah. However, there is no evidence to suggest that Azimullah was a loyal follower of Rani Lakshmibai, Nana Sahib, or Kunwar Singh.

The religious sentiments of many Indians were hurt when the Government enacted a law which enabled a convert to Christianity to inherit his ancestral property. This law was enacted in
  • a)
    1850
  • b)
    1853
  • c)
    1855
  • d)
    1856
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nandita Kumar answered


Background:

The law enabling a convert to Christianity to inherit his ancestral property was enacted in 1850 in India. This law caused a stir among many Indians, particularly those with strong religious sentiments.

Reason for Hurt Sentiments:

1. Religious Beliefs: Many Indians held strong religious beliefs and traditions regarding inheritance and property rights. The idea of a convert to Christianity being able to inherit ancestral property went against these beliefs.

2. Cultural Norms: In Indian society, inheritance rules were often deeply rooted in cultural norms and traditions. The new law disrupted these norms and caused discomfort among those who valued tradition.

3. Perception of Conversion: The provision allowing converts to Christianity to inherit property may have been seen as incentivizing conversion, which could have been viewed as a threat to the dominant religion and culture.

Impact on Society:

1. Protests: The enactment of this law led to protests from various religious groups and individuals who felt that it undermined their beliefs and traditions.

2. Social Unrest: The discontent caused by the law could have contributed to social unrest and tensions within communities that held differing beliefs.

3. Legal Challenges: The law may have faced legal challenges from groups or individuals who believed it was unconstitutional or discriminatory.

In conclusion, the law enacted in 1850 allowing converts to Christianity to inherit ancestral property in India stirred religious sentiments and caused unrest among those who held traditional beliefs and values. It highlighted the complex interplay between religious beliefs, cultural norms, and legal provisions in a diverse and multicultural society like India.

Which of the following act abolished all laws affecting the rights of persons converting to another religion or caste? 
  • a)
    Abolition of Sati (1829)
  • b)
    Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856)
  • c)
    Religious Disabilities Act of 1850 
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Mehta answered
Religious Disabilities Act of 1850

The Religious Disabilities Act of 1850 was a significant legislation introduced by the British government in India during the colonial period. The act abolished all laws affecting the rights of persons converting to another religion or caste. Let's discuss the act in detail:

Background

Before the enactment of the Religious Disabilities Act, there were various laws that affected the rights of people converting to another religion or caste. For instance, the Hindu law did not recognize the conversion of a Hindu to another religion. It declared that a person who renounced Hinduism lost his or her rights to ancestral property. Similarly, the Muslim law did not permit a Muslim to convert to another religion. The converted person was considered an apostate and was liable to be punished.

Provisions of the Act

The Religious Disabilities Act, 1850, was introduced to remove these discriminatory laws. The main provisions of the act were as follows:

- The act declared that no person shall be disqualified from holding any office or employment under the government, or from being an executor, trustee, or legatee, on account of religion.
- It abolished all laws and customs which prevented any person from inheriting property or succeeding to any title, office, or employment on the ground of religion.
- The act also declared that any person who converts to another religion shall not forfeit any property, rights, or privileges that he or she had before the conversion.
- The act further declared that any marriage contracted between persons of different religions shall be valid in law.

Significance of the Act

The Religious Disabilities Act, 1850, was a significant legislation that abolished discriminatory laws affecting the rights of persons converting to another religion or caste. The act paved the way for religious freedom and equality in India. It recognized the rights of individuals to choose their religion and to practice it freely. The act was a major step towards the secularization of the Indian society and paved the way for other reforms like the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act and the Abolition of Sati Act.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Religious Disabilities Act, 1850, was a landmark legislation that abolished all laws affecting the rights of persons converting to another religion or caste. The act was a major step towards religious freedom and equality in India. It recognized the rights of individuals to choose their religion and to practice it freely. The act paved the way for the secularization of Indian society and was a major milestone in the history of Indian reforms.

The troops of which of the following deserted and joined the ranks of Rani Lakshmibai?
  • a)
    The Raja of Puwain
  • b)
    The Nizam of Hyderabad
  • c)
    Maharaja Scindia
  • d)
    The Rana of Nepal
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Dhruv Yadav answered
On 1 June 1858 Jayajirao led his forces to Morar to fight a rebel army led by Tatya Tope, Rani Lakshmibai and Rao Sahib. This army had 7,000 infantry, 4,000 cavalry and 12 guns while he had only 1,500 cavalry, his bodyguard of 600 men and 8 guns. He waited for their attack which came at 7 o'clock in the morning; in this attack the rebel cavalry took the guns and most of the Gwalior forces except the bodyguard went over to the rebels. The Maharaja and the remainder fled without stopping until they reached Agra.

Which of the following was not a major cause of the Revolt of 1857?
  • a)
    Pitiabie living conditions of Indian soldiers.
  • b)
    Fear of the princes and zamindars that they would lose their possessions to the British.
  • c)
    Fear of the masses that their religion would be interfered by the British.
  • d)
    A strong patriotic fervour among Indian soldiers and the common people.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Anshika Singh answered
 Ill-treatment of Indian soldiers: The East India Company discriminated against their Indian sepoys. They were poorly paid, ill-fed and badly housed. They were forbidden from wearing any caste or sectarian marks, beads or turbans. As a result, there was resentment among the Indian troops.  
Decay of Cottage Industries and Handicrafts: Because of the British policy of preferential treatment to British businesses, Indian industries were gradually destroyed. By the middle of the 19th century, export of cotton and silk goods had practically ceased. The misery of the unemployed artisans was further complemented by the disappearance of their traditional patrons and buyers, i.e. the princes, chieftains and zamindars.

The selfishness and the tendency on the part of the leaders to form cliques made the Revolt loss its vitality.  Azimullah asked his leader not to visit Delhi lest he be overshadowed by the Emperor Bahadur Shah II. Azimullah was the political advisor of
  • a)
    Tantia Tope
  • b)
    Nana Sahib
  • c)
    Sir John Kaye
  • d)
    Khan Bahadur Khan
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Asha Kulkarni answered
The correct answer is B as The selfishness and the tendency on the part of the leaders to form cliques made the Revolt loss its vitality.  Azimullah asked his leader not to visit Delhi lest he be overshadowed by the Emperor Bahadur Shah II. Azimullah was the political advisor of NANA SAHIB.

Match the following:
  • a)
    [A-I], [B-II], [C-III]
  • b)
    [A-II], [B-I], [C-III]
  • c)
    [A-III], [B-II], [C-I]
  • d)
    [A-III], [B-I], [C-II]
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anshul Saini answered
The IPC was enacted in 1860, while 
The Indian Divorce Act, 1869
 and 
The Criminal Procedure Code, 1861 was passed by the British parliament. The CrPC was created for the first time ever in 1882 and then amended in 1898, then according to the 41st Law Commission report in 1973.

What was the main weakness of the Revolt of 1857?
  • a)
    The Revolt lacked mass support.
  • b)
    All of these
  • c)
    The lack of common ideal among sepoys was the cause of the failure.
  • d)
    The sepoys didn’t have any support from the ruling prince.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anshika Singh answered
The following were the causes of the failure of 1857 Revolt:
  • The Revolt was a failure due to localized and poorly organized.
  • The Revolt lacked mass support.
  • The lack of common ideal among sepoys was the cause of the failure.
  • It was hard to find a leader who has the military capability and political skills.
  • The sepoys didn’t have any support from the ruling prince.

The simmering discontent among the masses in India culminated in a violent outburst in 1857. The most important causes of the popular discontent was
  • a)
    The British land revenue policies.
  • b)
    The British systems of law administration.
  • c)
    The economic exploitation of India by the British.
  • d)
    The foreignness of the British rule.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Diya Singh answered
Causes of popular discontent in India leading to the violent outburst in 1857:

1. Economic exploitation of India by the British:
The economic policies of the British East India Company were focused on extracting maximum wealth from India, leading to widespread poverty and discontent among the masses. The British implemented various exploitative policies such as heavy taxation, high land revenue, and the destruction of local industries. These policies resulted in economic hardships for the Indian population, increasing their discontent towards British rule.

2. British land revenue policies:
The British introduced the zamindari system, which involved the imposition of high land revenue on Indian peasants. The revenue collection was often oppressive, with the peasants being forced to pay exorbitant amounts even in times of crop failure. This led to widespread agrarian distress and increased discontent among the farming communities.

3. British systems of law administration:
The British introduced a new legal system in India, which was seen as biased and discriminatory by the Indian population. The laws favored the British and their interests, often leading to injustice for the Indians. The Indian people felt that their rights and interests were not being adequately protected under the British legal system, leading to further discontent.

4. Foreignness of the British rule:
The British rule in India was marked by cultural and social differences, which created a sense of alienation among the Indian population. The British administrators and officials were often insensitive to Indian customs, traditions, and religious beliefs. This cultural disconnect and the perception of British superiority further fueled the discontent among the masses.

Conclusion:

While all the mentioned factors played a role in the popular discontent in India, the economic exploitation of India by the British was the most important cause. The policies implemented by the British East India Company, such as heavy taxation and destruction of local industries, resulted in widespread poverty and economic hardships for the Indian population. This economic exploitation created deep resentment and anger among the people, eventually culminating in the violent outburst of 1857.

What is the correct sequence of the following events?
I. Annexation of Oudh
II. Abolition of Peshwa’s Pension
III. Pensioning off the Rani of Jhansi
  • a)
    II, III, I
  • b)
    I, II, III
  • c)
    III, I, II
  • d)
    II, I, III
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Varun Kapoor answered
The correct sequence of the following events is:
II. Abolition of Peshwa’s Pension
III. Pensioning off the Rani of Jhansi
I. Annexation of Oudh
The abolition of Peshwa's pension took place in 1818, while the pensioning off of the Rani of Jhansi happened in 1854. The annexation of Oudh took place in 1856. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.





Which of the following was probably the weakest link in the chain of leadership of the Revolt of 1857?
  • a)
    Bahadur Shah II
  • b)
    Kunwar Singh
  • c)
    Nana Sahib
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nidhi Shah answered
Weakness in the Chain of Leadership in the Revolt of 1857

Introduction:
The Revolt of 1857 was a significant event in the history of India, which marked the beginning of the end of British rule. The rebellion was led by a group of Indian leaders who fought against the British East India Company's exploitative policies. However, the chain of leadership during the revolt was not strong enough, and there were some weak links that affected the outcome of the rebellion.

Weakest Link in the Chain of Leadership:
Out of the three options given, Bahadur Shah II was probably the weakest link in the chain of leadership during the revolt of 1857. He was the last Mughal emperor, who was declared the leader of the rebellion but lacked the necessary leadership qualities to lead an armed rebellion against the British.

Reasons for Bahadur Shah II's Weakness:
1. Lack of military experience: Bahadur Shah II had no military experience, and he was more interested in poetry and music than warfare. This lack of experience made it difficult for him to lead the armed rebellion effectively.

2. Age and Health Issues: Bahadur Shah II was 82 years old during the revolt, and his health was not good. He suffered from various ailments, which made it difficult for him to take active part in the rebellion.

3. Lack of Political Support: Bahadur Shah II did not have the support of most of the Indian leaders who participated in the rebellion. Many of them saw him as a figurehead, and it was difficult for him to assert his authority over them.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Bahadur Shah II was probably the weakest link in the chain of leadership during the revolt of 1857. His lack of military experience, age and health issues, and lack of political support affected the outcome of the rebellion. However, it is essential to acknowledge the contributions of all the Indian leaders who participated in the revolt and fought against the British East India Company's oppressive policies.

Where was an entire garrison wiped out after being assured of safe conduct?
  • a)
    Kanpur
  • b)
    Meerut
  • c)
    Satara
  • d)
    Faizabad
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Bhavya Bajaj answered
The correct answer is option 'A' i.e. Kanpur.

Kanpur is located in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was the site of a significant event during India's struggle for independence from British rule.

The Incident:

In 1857, Indian soldiers in the British army, known as sepoys, revolted against their British officers. This rebellion, which spread throughout northern India, is known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 or the First War of Indian Independence.

In June 1857, a group of sepoys in Kanpur rebelled against their British officers and captured the city. They were led by Nana Sahib, the adopted son of the last Peshwa (ruler) of the Maratha Empire. The British garrison in Kanpur, consisting of around 900 soldiers, was taken captive by the rebels.

Assured of Safe Conduct:

Nana Sahib assured the British garrison that they would be provided safe passage to the nearest British outpost if they surrendered their weapons. The British soldiers, who were running low on supplies and ammunition, agreed to the offer.

However, Nana Sahib did not keep his promise. Instead of providing safe passage, he and his followers massacred the British soldiers in a brutal manner. The exact number of casualties is disputed, but it is believed that around 120 women and children were killed.

Impact:

The massacre at Kanpur was a turning point in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It led to a brutal crackdown by the British, who were determined to suppress the rebellion. The British eventually recaptured Kanpur and executed many of the rebels, including Nana Sahib. The rebellion was finally crushed in 1858, and India remained under British rule until 1947.

Conclusion:

The massacre at Kanpur is a reminder of the brutality of colonialism and the sacrifices made by Indians in their struggle for freedom. It is also a cautionary tale about the dangers of trusting one's enemy, as the British soldiers in Kanpur learned to their cost.

Though nearly 80 years old, which leader was perhaps the best military leader and strategist of the Revolt of 1857?
  • a)
    Nana Sahib
  • b)
    Khan Bahadur Khan
  • c)
    Kunwar Singh
  • d)
    Bahadur Shah II
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anoushka Reddy answered
Kunwar Singh, a ruined and discontented zamindar of Jagdishpur near Arrah, was the chief organiser of the revolt in Bihar. Though nearly 80 year old, he was perhaps the most outstanding military leader and strategist of the Revolt.

​Who can be called the greatest heroes of the Revolt of 1857?
  • a)
    The peasants
  • b)
    The sepoys
  • c)
    Rani Lakshmibai
  • d)
    Nana Sahib
  • e)
    Both (c) and (d
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Reddy answered
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 occurred as the result of an accumulation of factors over time, rather than any single event. The sepoys were Indian soldiers who were recruited into the Company's army. Just before the rebellion, there were over 300,000 sepoys in the army, compared to about 50,000 British.

After the revolt was crushed, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Avadh was compelled to hide in Nepal.Many leaders died. One such guerilla who waged a warfare in the jungles of central India was being betrayed and hanged in 1859. Who was this leader?
  • a)
    Tantia Tope
  • b)
    Kunwar Singh
  • c)
    Rani Lakshmibai
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Tiwari answered
**Answer:**

**A) Tantia Tope**

Tatya Tope, also known as Tantia Tope, was one of the key leaders of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He was born as Ramachandra Pandurang Tope in 1814 in Pune, Maharashtra. Tantia Tope played a crucial role in organizing and leading the rebellion against the British East India Company.

**Role in the Rebellion:**

1. **Leadership in Central India:** After the revolt was crushed in Avadh (Awadh) and many leaders were either killed or forced into hiding, Tantia Tope emerged as one of the prominent leaders of the rebellion in Central India. He organized and led guerilla warfare against the British forces.

2. **Jungle Warfare:** Tantia Tope and his followers took refuge in the jungles of Central India, where they continued to resist British rule. They employed guerilla tactics, using the dense forest cover to their advantage. This strategy allowed them to launch surprise attacks on British forces and then retreat quickly into the forests, making it difficult for the British to capture them.

3. **Betrayal and Capture:** Despite his efforts to evade capture, Tantia Tope was eventually betrayed by a fellow rebel. In 1859, he was captured by the British near the town of Shivpuri in present-day Madhya Pradesh. The British forces, led by General Napier, arrested Tantia Tope and his loyalists.

4. **Trial and Execution:** Tantia Tope was put on trial by the British for his role in the rebellion. He was charged with waging war against the British East India Company. In April 1859, Tantia Tope was convicted and sentenced to death by hanging. On April 18, 1859, he was executed in Shivpuri.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, Tantia Tope was a prominent leader during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He played a crucial role in leading guerilla warfare in the jungles of Central India. However, he was eventually betrayed and captured by the British, leading to his trial and execution in 1859.

Before 1857, Christian missionaries tried to convert Indians to their faith. The right of unrestricted entry of Christian missionaries into India was conceded by
  • a)
    The Regulating Act, 1773
  • b)
    Pitt’s India Act, 1784
  • c)
    Charter Act of 1813
  • d)
    Charter Act of 1833
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anshika Singh answered
The Character Act of 1813 was the first parliamentary approval for propagation of Christianity in India.
The policy of modernising Indian society and culture was also encouraged by the Christian missionaries and religious minded persons such as William Wilberforce and Charles Grant, the Chairman of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, who wanted to spread Christianity in India. They too adopted a critical attitude towards Indian society but on religious grounds. They passionately believed that Christianity alone was the true
The English language played an important role in this respect. It became the medium for the spread of modern ideas. It also became the medium of communication and exchange of ideas between educated Indians from different linguistic regions of the country.

Before the Revolt of 1857, the Inam Commission at Bombay, appointed by Lord Dalhousie, investigated the titles of landowners. What was the result of this investigation?
  • a)
    Some land-owners were arrested and put to death.
  • b)
    There were many rebellions led by land-owners in the Deccan and parts of Bihar and Bengal.
  • c)
    20,000 estates in the Deccan were confiscated.
  • d)
    None of the above.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

The result of the investigation conducted by the Inam Commission at Bombay, appointed by Lord Dalhousie, before the Revolt of 1857 was that 20,000 estates in the Deccan were confiscated. This decision had significant implications for the landowners and the overall socio-political landscape of the region.

The Inam Commission was established to investigate the titles of landowners, particularly in the Deccan region. The commission aimed to determine the legitimacy of land grants, known as inams, which were given to individuals or institutions by the Mughal and Maratha rulers. These land grants exempted the owners from paying land revenue.

The investigation revealed that many of these land grants were either fraudulent or invalid. The commission found numerous instances where landowners had obtained inams unlawfully or through forged documents. As a result, the commission recommended the confiscation of approximately 20,000 estates in the Deccan.

This decision had a profound impact on the affected landowners. The confiscation of their estates meant that they lost their traditional source of income and livelihood. Many of them were also stripped of their social status and influence. This created a sense of deep resentment and anger among the landowners, who felt that their rights and privileges were being violated.

Additionally, the confiscation of the estates led to a significant redistribution of land and wealth. The confiscated estates were brought under direct control of the British administration, which further strengthened their grip on the region. This move also disrupted the existing power dynamics and social structures, as the British favored certain individuals and communities over others in the allocation of land.

It is important to note that while the investigation by the Inam Commission and the subsequent confiscation of estates contributed to the underlying discontent that eventually led to the Revolt of 1857, it was not the sole cause of the rebellion. The revolt had multiple factors, including economic, political, and social grievances, which were exacerbated by British policies and actions.

In conclusion, the result of the investigation conducted by the Inam Commission at Bombay, appointed by Lord Dalhousie, before the Revolt of 1857 was the confiscation of approximately 20,000 estates in the Deccan. This decision had far-reaching consequences for the affected landowners and the overall socio-political landscape of the region.

Which of the following was paid Rs. 50,000 as reward money by the British for treacherously killing Maulavi Ahmadullah?
  • a)
    The Raja of Puwain
  • b)
    The Nizam of Hyderabad
  • c)
    The Ruler of Nobha
  • d)
    Maharaja Scindia
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Disha Yadav answered
Maulavi Ahmadullah of Faizabad was an outstanding leader of the Revolt of 1857. He was a native of Madras where he had started preaching armed rebellion. In January 1857 he moved towards the North to Faizabad where he fought a large scale battle against a company of British troops sent to stop him from preaching sedition. When the general revolt broke out in May, he emerged as one of its acknowledged leaders in Avadh. After the defeat at Lucknow, he led the rebellion in Rohilkhand where he was treacherously killed by the Raja of Puwain who was paid Rs. 50,000 as a reward by the British.

Who was the 'Agent to Governor-General' (AGG) in 'Rajputana Residency' at the time of the demise of 1857 AD?
  • a)
    Captain Shovers
  • b)
    William Eden
  • c)
    Major Burton
  • d)
    Patrick Lawrence
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Abhiram Unni answered
Agent to Governor-General in Rajputana Residency
In 1857, during the upheaval of the Indian Rebellion, the role of the Agent to the Governor-General (AGG) in the Rajputana Residency was pivotal. The correct answer to the question regarding the AGG at that time is option 'D', Patrick Lawrence.
Background of Patrick Lawrence
- Service Background: Patrick Lawrence was an experienced British officer who had significant administrative experience in India prior to 1857. His role as the AGG involved managing relations with the princely states of Rajputana during a tumultuous period.
- Political Diplomacy: Lawrence was responsible for maintaining British influence and negotiating with local rulers, which was crucial during the rebellion. His diplomatic skills were tested as he navigated the complex political landscape of Rajputana.
Significance of 1857 Rebellion
- Impact on Rajputana: The rebellion of 1857 marked a significant turning point in British colonial policy and governance. The AGG's role was vital in maintaining order and loyalty among the Indian princes during this crisis.
- Lawrence's Leadership: Under Patrick Lawrence's leadership, the Rajputana Residency managed to remain relatively stable compared to other regions. His ability to balance local interests with British demands was instrumental in this period.
Conclusion
In summary, Patrick Lawrence played a crucial role as the Agent to the Governor-General during the critical time of the 1857 uprising in Rajputana. His diplomatic efforts and administrative skills helped navigate one of the most challenging periods of British rule in India, solidifying his historical significance in the context of colonial governance.

Lord Dalhousie’s annexations had caused suspicion and uneasiness in the minds of most ruling princes in India. Which one of the following states was not annexed by the British under Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse?
  • a)
    The Punjab
  • b)
    Sambalpur
  • c)
    Satara
  • d)
    Nagpur
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amrita Saha answered
Lord Dalhousie, whose full name was James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, was a British statesman and colonial administrator who served as the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856. He is known for his ambitious modernization and reform policies, which greatly transformed India during his tenure.

Dalhousie introduced several significant reforms in various fields, including infrastructure, education, communication, and administration. He initiated the construction of railways, bridges, and roads, which helped connect different parts of India and facilitated trade and commerce. He also established the telegraph network in India, improving communication and connecting the country with the outside world.

In the field of education, Dalhousie established numerous schools and colleges, including the renowned Indian Engineering College (now known as the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur) and the Roorkee College (now known as the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee). He also laid the foundation for the modern postal system in India.

Dalhousie is controversially remembered for his policies of annexation, also known as the Doctrine of Lapse. Under this policy, he annexed several princely states that did not have a direct male heir, claiming that they had lapsed to the British East India Company. This policy was met with resistance and opposition from many Indian rulers and was seen as a violation of the sovereignty of the princely states.

Despite his reforms and modernization efforts, Dalhousie's tenure also witnessed the outbreak of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. The rebellion, which began as a result of various grievances against British rule, marked a turning point in India's struggle for independence.

Lord Dalhousie left India in 1856 and returned to Britain, where he continued to play a role in politics and public life. He passed away in 1860 at the age of 57.

He emerged as one of the leaders of the Revolt of 1857 in Avadh. He also led the rebellion in Rohilkhand. Who is being talked about?
  • a)
    Nana Sahib
  • b)
    Khan Bahadur Khan
  • c)
    Maulavi Ahmadullah
  • d)
    Ali Rizvi
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ahmadullah Shah, born in 1787, more famously known as Maulavi of Faizabad, was one of the leading figures of the great Indian revolt of 1857. In the Awadh region, Maulavi Ahmadullah Shah was known as the 'Lighthouse of Rebellion'.Jun 5, 2018

How did the international situation favour the British during the Revolt of 1857?
  • a)
    The Crimean War and the trouble in Persia were over.
  • b)
    The British could delay the war in China.
  • c)
    The Indian Army sent for service abroad was called back quickly by the British.
  • d)
    All of the above.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepika Dey answered
The international situation during the Revolt of 1857 favoured the British in multiple ways, as mentioned below:

End of Crimean War and Trouble in Persia:
• The Crimean War ended in 1856, and the trouble in Persia was also resolved.
• This meant that the British could divert their attention and resources towards suppressing the revolt in India.

Delay in War with China:
• The British were also able to delay the Second Opium War with China, which was scheduled to begin in 1857.
• This allowed them to focus on the situation in India without having to worry about another front.

Recall of Indian Army:
• The British were able to recall the Indian Army, which was deployed in various parts of the world for service abroad.
• This was crucial as the Indian soldiers were well-trained and experienced, and their absence would have weakened the British forces in India.

Conclusion:
Therefore, the combination of these factors worked in favour of the British during the Revolt of 1857, and enabled them to quell the rebellion and reassert their control over India.

 Which of the following wrote letters to all the chiefs and rulers of India urging them to organise a confederacy of Indian states to fight and replace the British regime?
  • a)
    Bahadur Shah II
  • b)
    Tantia Tope
  • c)
    Rani Lakshmi Bai
  • d)
    Maulavi Ahmadullah
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

UPSC Achievers answered
Bahadur Shah, after initial vacillation, wrote letters to all the chiefs and rulers of India urging them to organise a confederacy of Indian states to fight and replace the British regime. The entire Bengal Army soon rose in revolt which spread quickly. Awadh, Rohilkhand, the Doab, the Bundelkhand, central India, large parts of Bihar and East Punjab shook off British authority.

Which of the following places was the last major centre of resistance to fall during the Revolt of 1857?
  • a)
    Delhi
  • b)
    Kanpur
  • c)
    Lucknow
  • d)
    Gwalior
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

BT Educators answered
Gwalior was captured by the British in June 1858 and marked the effective end of organised resistance. Rani Lakshmibai was killed here and Tantia Tope fled after this defeat.

The premature outburst of the Revolt of 1857, instead of a later date fixed for the general uprising (31st May), was a reason for the Revolt’s failure.The Revolt began at Meerut on
  • a)
    25th April
  • b)
    30th April
  • c)
    3rd May
  • d)
    10th May
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Pankaj Kumar answered
May 10, 1857 was a Sunday. The British officers at the Meerut cantonment in north India were preparing to attend church, while many other British soldiers were off duty. The Indian troops in the cantonment, already waiting for an opportunity to revolt against their foreign masters, seized the day. Almost 50 British soldiers, and other men, women and children were killed by the sepoys and the crowds who soon joined the Indian soldiers.

Some historians opine that some military causes were responsible for the outbreak of the revolt of 1857. The General Service Enlistment Act provided that all fresh recruits for the Bengal Army would have to serve any where including abroad. According to current religious beliefs of the Hindus, travel across the sea was forbidden and led to loss of caste. This Act hurt the sepoys’ sentiments. It was passed in
  • a)
    1849
  • b)
    1852
  • c)
    1855
  • d)
    1856
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Manasa Datta answered
General Service Enlistment Act of 25 July 1856 espoused that the Bengal Army shall take upon the responsibility of serving overseas, if need be. Out if the three Presidencies, only the armies of Bombay and Madras had the obligation of serving overseas, as such they faced immense strain for deployment at Burma and China fronts. The General Services Enlistment Act called for the same from Bengal Army as well that faced great resentment because they were initially exempted from overseas operations.

The New Enlistment Act of 1856 entailed that every unit of the Bengal Army was accountable for servings overseas, if asked to do so. Though this was applicable to only the new recruits of the Bengal Army, the older recruits feared that they too would be asked to do so and hence they resented.

Bahadur Shah II held the nominal and symbolic leadership at Delhi. Real command lay with a Court of Soldiers headed by a General who had led the revolt of the Bareilly troops and brought them to Delhi. His namewas
  • a)
    Bakht Khan
  • b)
    Ashfaquallah Khan
  • c)
    Rahim Ahmed
  • d)
    Shujauddin Beg
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Surbhi Nambiar answered
The answer to the given question is option A, Bakht Khan.

Explanation:
• Bahadur Shah II was the last Mughal Emperor who was exiled to Rangoon after the failure of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
• During the revolt, Bahadur Shah II held the nominal and symbolic leadership at Delhi, while the real command lay with a Court of Soldiers headed by a General.
• The General who led the revolt of the Bareilly troops and brought them to Delhi was Bakht Khan.
• Bakht Khan was a prominent leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 who had served in the Bengal army.
• He played a significant role in the revolt by leading the revolt of the Bareilly troops and capturing Delhi from the British forces.
• He was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of the rebel forces in Delhi and held the real command during the siege of Delhi.
• However, Bakht Khan was later defeated by the British in the Battle of Badli-ki-Serai and forced to flee to Nepal, where he was captured and sent to imprisonment in the Andaman Islands.
• Thus, Bakht Khan was the General who held the real command of the rebel forces during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Delhi.

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