All questions of General Scientific Developments for Computer Science Engineering (CSE) Exam

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Recently, India successfully test-fired ‘Nirbhay’. Consider the following statements in the above context:
1. Nirbhay is the country’s second supersonic cruise missile, the first being Brahmos.
2. It is a 3-stage surface-to-air missile and is inspired by the technology of ‘Lakshyaaircraft’.
3. It is also called ‘treetop missile’ as its shape is similar to the stem of a tree.
4. The missile has a good loitering capability.
5. The missile is designed by the Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE) of DRDO.
Q. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    2 and 4 only
  • b)
    4 and 5 only
  • c)
    2, 3, 4 and 5 only
Correct answer is option ''. Can you explain this answer?

Dhruba Chavan answered
Nirbhay is a long range, subsonic cruise missile being developed in India by Defence Research and Development Organisation. The missile has a good loitering capability i.e., it can go round a target and perform several manoeuvres and then re-engage it. Its first trial on 12 March 2013 from Chandipur, Odisha was failed. Brahmos is a supersonic cruise missile, while ‘Lakshya’ is an Indian pilot-less target drone system. Nirbhy’s technology is not inspired by it. It is a “tree–top” missile because it can flyover or around hills, can fly at a very low altitude and avoid detection.

Consider the following statements regarding Indian polar research station:
1. India established a research station named “Bharti” at Ny-Alesund in Svalbard region of Norway.
2. India established a research station named “Himadri” in the Larsemann Hills region of East Antarctica.

Q. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sravya Bose answered
Both the statements regarding Indian Polar Research stations are incorrect. India's first expedition to Antarctica was in 1981, she expanded it by undertaking its first Arctic expedition in August 2007 by setting up 'Himadri' at Nye–Alesund in Norway in 2008 to mark the International Polar Year (IPY). The first Antarctic research station was Gangotri (1983) and second was Maitri (1989). 'Bharti' or 'Bharthi' is the third Antarctic station at Larsemann in East Antarctica.

Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
  • a)
    Akash — A medium range multi-target missile
  • b)
    Nag — An anti-tank missile
  • c)
    Pinaka — A multi-barrel rocket launcher weapon system
  • d)
    Trishul — A short range surface to surface missile
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Akash is a medium–range mobile surface–to– air missile. Nag is an antitank missile by DRDO. Pinaka is a multiple rocket launcher produced for Indian Army by DRDO while Trishul is a missile system of a short range surface to–air missile as a part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program.

The earth’s satellite is kept moving in its orbit. It is due to the phenomenon of centripetal force provided by
  • a)
    the rocket engine propelling the satellite
  • b)
    the gravitational attraction of the earth on the satellite
  • c)
    the gravitational attraction of the sun on the satellite
  • d)
    the gravitational attraction of satellite on earth
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Dishani Sarkar answered
An orbiting satellite is a projectile, that the only force acting upon an oribiting satellite is the force of gravity. The force of gravity also accelerates it towards the earth. But the earth's round shape prevents it to fall on ground and if the satellite is in more than 8000 m/s speed it also contributes to the maintenance of motion in a particular orbit or elliptical path.

Consider the following statements:
1. European Space Agency (ESA) has joined the NASA’s Euclid Mission to be launched in 2020.
2. Euclid Mission is a space telescope designed to investigate the cosmological mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.
Q. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Shreya Mishra answered
NASA has joined the European space Agency’s (ESA’) Euclid mission, a telescope designed to investigate the cosmological mysteries of dark matter and dark energy. Euclid is a medium –class (“M–class”) mission and is part of ESA’s “Cosmic Vision”, 2015–2025 scientific program.

Consider the following statements:
1. Nirbhaya is a subsonic cruise missile being developed by DRDO.
2. The air version of Brahmos has been successfully test-fired recently.
3. Brahmos-II will be hypersonic cruise missile with target range of more than 300 km.
Q. Which of the above statements is/are not true?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    all of the above
  • d)
    none of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanvi Kapoor answered
On 22 November 2017, the missile was successfully test fired for the first time from a Sukhoi-30MKI against a sea-based target in the Bay of Bengal. This made Indian Air Force the first in the world to have successfully tested such a type of air launched trisonic-class missile on a sea-based target.
BrahMos-II is a hypersonic cruise missile currently under development and is estimated to have a range of 290 km.

Multiple Independent Re-entry Vehicles (MIRVs) are used in Agni-V missile made by DRDO, consider the following statements in regard to MIRVs.
1. Under it, each missile will be capable of carrying 2-10 separate nuclear warheads.
2. Under it, each warhead can be assigned to a different target.
3. Under it, two or more warheads can be assigned to the same target.
Q. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Multiple Independent Re–entry Vehicle (MIRV) is a ballistic missile payload or "bus" of a ballistic missile. It is capable of being aimed to hit one of a group of targets. A unitary warhead is a single warhead on a single missile Multiple re-entry vehicle (MRV) is an intermediate case in which the MRV missile carries several reentry vehicles, which can be dispersed but not individually aimed.

Consider the following statements with respect to Intelligent Flight Control System (IFCS):
1. It is developed by NASA
2. It is used in NF-15B aircraft
3. The IFCS Generation-I flight was first tested in 2003.
4. An artificial neural network is used in this control sytem.
Q. Which of the following statement codes are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2, 3 and 4 only
  • c)
    1, 2, 3 and 4
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Diya Singh answered
Statement Analysis:
Let's analyze each statement one by one:

Statement 1: It is developed by NASA.
Statement 2: It is used in NF-15B aircraft.
Statement 3: The IFCS Generation-I flight was first tested in 2003.
Statement 4: An artificial neural network is used in this control system.

Explanation:
Statement 1: It is developed by NASA.
The Intelligent Flight Control System (IFCS) is not specifically developed by NASA. It is a general term used to describe advanced flight control systems that incorporate intelligent algorithms and technologies.
Therefore, statement 1 is incorrect.

Statement 2: It is used in NF-15B aircraft.
The NF-15B aircraft is a modified version of the F-15B Eagle aircraft used for research and development purposes. It has been used by NASA and other organizations for various flight experiments and testing. While it is possible that an Intelligent Flight Control System (IFCS) could be used in the NF-15B aircraft, the statement does not provide enough information to confirm this.
Therefore, statement 2 is ambiguous and cannot be determined as correct or incorrect.

Statement 3: The IFCS Generation-I flight was first tested in 2003.
The statement mentions the testing of the IFCS Generation-I flight in 2003. However, there is no specific information available to confirm or refute this claim. Without any supporting evidence, we cannot determine the accuracy of this statement.
Therefore, statement 3 is ambiguous and cannot be determined as correct or incorrect.

Statement 4: An artificial neural network is used in this control system.
An artificial neural network (ANN) is a type of computational model inspired by the structure and functions of biological neural networks. ANNs have been widely used in various fields, including aerospace engineering, for tasks such as control systems, pattern recognition, and optimization. It is possible that an ANN could be used in an Intelligent Flight Control System (IFCS) to enhance its capabilities and performance.
Therefore, statement 4 is plausible and could be correct.

Conclusion:
Based on the analysis, statement 1 is incorrect, statement 2 and 3 are ambiguous, and statement 4 is plausible. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the SKA telescope?
1. At present, it has 36 antennas with diameter of 12 meters each and it is placed at the remote Murchison Radio Astronomy Observatory
2. The radio waves generated from this telescope can provide details of the cosmos far away and the gases that resulted in the formation of any particular star.

Q.  Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Neither 1 nor 2 
  • d)
    Both 1 and 2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Shreya Mishra answered
Statement 2 is correct:  Yes, radio telescopes can provide details about the cosmos and the gases that formed stars. 
Statement 1 is correct: Yes, the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO) in Western Australia has 36 identical antennas, each 12 meters in diameter. These antennas are part of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), which is a single astronomical interferometer with a total collecting area of around 4,000 square meters.
Both 1 and 2 are correct.

Consider the following statements:
1. A Ramjet is a form of an air-breathing using the engine’s forward motion to compress incoming air, without a rotary compressor.
2. Ramjets cannot move an aircraft from standstill.
3. A subsonic combustion Ramjet or Scramjet is a variant of a Ramjet air-breathing.
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    All of the above
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Shreya Desai answered
A ‘Ramjet’ is also referred to as a flying ‘stovepipe’ or an athodyd. Ramjets are frequently confused with pulsejets, which use an intermittent combustion but Ramjets employ a continuous combustion process. They can not produce thrust at zero airspeed. They are also confused with ‘Scramjets’, which are a similar system designed for higher speeds, using supersonic flow.

How do you distinguish between Passive Optical Network (PON) and Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)?
1. PON is a network architecture that brings fiber cabling and signals to the home using a point-to-multipoint scheme that enables a single optical fibre to serve multiple premises.
2. PON standard differs from non-PON standards in that it achieves higher bandwidth and higher efficiency using larger, variablelength packets.
3. GPON offers efficient packaging of user traffic, with frame segmentation allowing higher Quality Of Service (QOS) for delaysensitive voice and video communications traffic.
Q. Which of the statements given above are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

GPON standard differs from other passive optical network standards in that it achieves higher bandwidth and higher efficiency using larger variable length packets. GPON offers efficient packaging of user traffic with frame segmentation allowing higher quality of service for delaysensitive voice and video communications traffic. On the other hand, PON is a network architecutre that brings fibre cabling and signals to the home using a point-to-multipoint scheme that enables a single optical fibre to serve multiple premises.

Which of the following is equal to 1 Mars year?
1. 23 Earth months
2. 686.65 days
3. 1.88 Earth years
  • a)
    1, 2 and 3
  • b)
    2 and 3
  • c)
    1 and 3
  • d)
    1 and 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sneha Kumar answered
1 Mars year = 23 Earth months = 686.65 days = 1.88 Earth years 1 Day on Mars = 24 hours 39 minutes 35 seconds Mars has all four seasons that the Earth does, but, since the year is longer on the planet, the axial tilt is different, and Mars has a more eccentric orbit than Earth, the seasons are not the same length as each other nor are they the same in each hemisphere. In the northern hemisphere spring is the longest season. In the northern hemisphere of Mars the seasons break down like this: Spring – 7 months, Summer – 6 months, Fall – 5.3 months, and Winter – just over 4 months. In the south seasons not exactly the same length as in the north, but they are similar; however, the temperatures can be as much as 30 C warmer.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is creating a GEO Imaging Satellite (GISAT) which it plans to launch. Consider the following statements about it:
1. The satellite will carry a GEO Imager with multi-spectral, multi-resolution imaging instruments.
2. Gisat will provide near real time pictures of large areas of the country, under cloud free conditions, at frequent intervals.  
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Saranya Basak answered
The ISRO is designing a Geo imaging satellite (Gisat) which is planned to be launched during 2016–17. It will carry a GEO imager with multi–spectral (Visible, near–infra–red and thermal) and multiresolution (50m to 1.5 km) imaging instruments. It will acquire images of a geographical strip and also provide near real time images of large areas of the country.

An Anglo-German team of astronomers has discovered a new planet orbiting a nearby Sun at just the right distance for an Earth-like climate that could support life. The name of new planet is
  • a)
    HD40307g
  • b)
    HD40308g
  • c)
    HE40307g
  • d)
    HE40308g
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Saikat Malik answered
HD40307g is an exoplanet orbiting in the habitable zone of HD40307. It is located 42 light-years away in the direction of the southern constellation Pictor. The planet was discovered using the European Southern Observatory’s HARPS apparatus by a team of astronomers of University of Hertfordshire and Guillem Anglada-Escude of the University of Goettingen, Germany.

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answers using the codes given below the lists:

  • a)
    A
  • b)
    B
  • c)
    C
  • d)
    D
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Charvi Sen answered
'Curiosity' is a car–sized robotic rover, exploring Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Mission (MSL) 'MESSENGER' is an acronym of Mercury Surface Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging. It is a robotic NASA spacecraft orbiting the planet Mercury. Rustom is a medium Altitude Long Endur-ance unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) being developed by DRDO. Akash–2 is a computer Tablet developed by DATAWIND an Indian company.

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answers from the codes given below:

  • a)
    A
  • b)
    B
  • c)
    C
  • d)
    D
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sounak Basu answered
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is headquartered in Bengaluru. The Inter–University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) is located in Pune, India. Inter–University Accelaerator Centre (IUAC) is an autonomous research facility of University Grants Commission which is based in New Delhi. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) is a major space research centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation, focusing on rocket and space vehicles, is located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
  • a)
    A
  • b)
    B
  • c)
    C
  • d)
    D
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Gauri Bose answered
Arihant is a class of nuclear–powered ballistic missile submarine. AWACS, abbreviation of Airborne Warning and Control System, is a mobile, long–range surveillance and control centre for air defence, developed by the U.S. Air Force, is mounted on Boeing 707 aircraft. Atlas – Centaur is an American expendable launch system. It is the first production rocket stage to use cryogenic propellent. Nag is a third generation fire–and–forget" anti-tank missile of India.

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