All questions of Social Studies (SST) for Class 8 Exam

Right to water is indirectly refer to life. And article 21 refers to Right to life

Renewable resources are those which get renewed or replenished quickly. for ex- wind energy, solar energy etc.

Natural resources are materials or substances that occur in nature and are utilized by humans for various purposes. They are essentially derived from the environment and can be classified into renewable and nonrenewable resources. Examples of natural resources include air, water, soil, minerals, and sunlight.

Among the given options, option 'C' - Sunlight can be considered as an example of a natural resource. Let's delve into the reasons why sunlight fits the definition of a natural resource:

1. Importance in sustaining life: Sunlight is essential for various biological processes and is a fundamental requirement for the survival of all living organisms, including human beings. It plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, which is the process through which plants convert sunlight into energy to grow and produce oxygen.

2. Energy source: Sunlight is a significant source of renewable energy. Through technologies such as solar panels and solar cells, sunlight can be harnessed and converted into electricity to power homes, industries, and even vehicles. This renewable energy source helps reduce reliance on nonrenewable resources like fossil fuels.

3. Environmental benefits: Sunlight is a clean and sustainable energy source, unlike fossil fuels that release harmful pollutants when burned. By utilizing sunlight as an energy resource, we can reduce air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

4. Economic value: Sunlight has significant economic value as it can be utilized for various purposes. Besides generating electricity, sunlight is used in industries such as agriculture (for crop growth), manufacturing (solar-powered devices), and tourism (solar-powered attractions). It also supports the solar energy industry, creating job opportunities and contributing to economic growth.

5. Recreation and well-being: Sunlight plays a vital role in human well-being by providing vitamin D, improving mood, and supporting overall health. It also offers recreational opportunities, as people engage in outdoor activities and enjoy the warmth and beauty of the sun.

In conclusion, sunlight is an example of a natural resource due to its importance in sustaining life, its role as an energy source, its environmental benefits, economic value, and its positive impact on human well-being. Utilizing sunlight efficiently and harnessing its potential can contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.

The living components of an ecosystem are known as biotic resources. These include human beings, flora, and fauna, fisheries, and livestock. Flora means the plants and fauna mean the animals of the particular area. The ecosystem components interact with each other and are interdependent on each other for their need for survival. Human activities like deforestation and pollution are a significant threat to biotic resources.

A is the correct answer.

Explanation:


Historians often compare the past with the present and refer to the time before and after a particular event or period. The correct answer to the question is option B, which is Time. Here are the reasons why:

Comparison of the Past and Present:


Historians often compare the past and present to understand how things have changed over time. They analyze various aspects of society, such as politics, economics, culture, and technology, to identify similarities and differences between the two.

Reference to Time:


When historians compare the past and present, they often refer to specific time periods. For example, they may compare the political systems of ancient Greece and modern-day America, or they may compare the economic conditions of the Great Depression and the 2008 financial crisis.

Before and After:


Historians use the concept of before and after to help them understand how events have impacted society over time. For example, they may study the period before and after the Industrial Revolution to understand how it transformed the economy and society.

Conclusion:


In conclusion, historians often compare the past with the present and refer to time to understand how society has changed over time. They use the concept of before and after to analyze the impact of specific events or periods on society.

False
Official documents do not necessarily reflect the true thoughts and opinions of the people of a country. Here's why:
- Official documents may be biased: The information presented in official documents is often influenced by the government or organization producing them. They may choose to highlight certain perspectives while neglecting others, leading to a biased representation of public opinion.
- Official documents may not capture diverse viewpoints: The views of a population are diverse and multifaceted. Official documents may not always encompass this diversity, providing a limited understanding of what the people really think.
- Official documents may be manipulated: Governments or organizations may manipulate official documents to serve their own agendas, distorting the true sentiments of the people.
- Official documents may not be transparent: The process of creating official documents is often opaque, making it difficult to ascertain whether they accurately reflect public opinion.
- Alternative sources should be considered: To truly understand what the people of a country think, it is important to consider a wide range of sources, including surveys, interviews, social media, and other forms of public expression.
In conclusion, while official documents may provide some insights into the thoughts of the people, they should be approached with caution and supplemented with other sources to gain a more comprehensive understanding.

Explanation:

Periodization in "A History of British India"
James Mill periodized Indian history in his work "A History of British India" by categorizing it into Hindu, Muslim, and British periods.

Explanation of Periodization
- Hindu Period: Mill identified the Hindu period as the time before the Muslim conquests in India. This period was characterized by the rule of various Hindu dynasties and the development of Hindu culture and traditions.
- Muslim Period: The Muslim period in Indian history began with the arrival of Muslim rulers and the establishment of Muslim dynasties in India. This period saw the fusion of Indian and Islamic cultures and the flourishing of art, architecture, and literature.
- British Period: The British period refers to the time when the British East India Company and later the British Crown ruled over India. This period was marked by British colonialism, the spread of Western education and culture, and the Indian struggle for independence.

Significance of Periodization
- Mill's periodization of Indian history helped in understanding the different phases of Indian society and culture under various rulers.
- It also highlighted the impact of different ruling powers on Indian society and the changes that occurred over time.
- By dividing Indian history into distinct periods, Mill provided a framework for analyzing the evolution of Indian civilization and the interactions between different cultural influences.
In conclusion, James Mill's periodization of Indian history into Hindu, Muslim, and British periods in "A History of British India" offers a structured approach to studying the diverse historical experiences of India under different ruling powers.

Small scale industry.

Constitituon of india is law of land of our country. according to article 14 of Indian constitution protect eqality of all people and no one can be discriminated on the ground of religions race cast creed and sex .
some more article like 12 to 32 protect basic tights which are also called fundamental rights hencs I support B

Sericulture

Sericulture is the term given to the commercial rearing of silk worms to supplement the income of the farmer. It is a lucrative business and is practiced mainly in the rural areas of India. The practice of sericulture involves the cultivation of mulberry trees, which provide the food for the silk worms.

Process of Sericulture

The process involves the following steps:

1. Mulberry cultivation: Farmers cultivate mulberry trees to provide food for the silk worms.

2. Egg production: Female silk moths lay eggs which are collected and kept in a cool place until they hatch.

3. Rearing of silk worms: The eggs hatch into silk worms, which are then reared in trays. The silk worms are fed with fresh mulberry leaves every day.

4. Cocoon formation: After about 25-30 days, the silk worms stop eating and start spinning cocoons around themselves.

5. Silk extraction: After about 10-12 days, the cocoons are ready to be harvested. The silk is extracted from the cocoons by boiling them in water.

6. Weaving: The silk is then spun into thread and woven into fabric.

Benefits of Sericulture

Sericulture has several benefits:

1. It provides a source of income for farmers.

2. It is an eco-friendly activity as it involves the cultivation of mulberry trees.

3. It provides employment opportunities for rural communities.

4. It is a renewable resource as the silk worms can be reared again and again.

5. It is a high-value product that has a huge demand in both domestic and international markets.

Conclusion

Sericulture is an important activity that has the potential to transform the lives of farmers in rural areas. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly activity that provides a source of income and employment to rural communities. With proper training and support, sericulture can be a profitable business for farmers.

Correct option is C

Resource is the correct answer.

Explanation:
A resource is anything that can be used to satisfy human wants and has a value. In economics, resources refer to all the factors of production that are used in the production process to create goods and services. Resources can be broadly classified into three categories:

1. Natural resources: These are the resources that are found in nature and can be used in their natural form or after processing. Examples include land, water, air, minerals, and forests.

2. Human resources: These are the resources that are created by human beings through education, training, and experience. Examples include labor, knowledge, and skills.

3. Capital resources: These are the resources that are created by human beings to aid in the production process. Examples include machinery, equipment, and tools.

Resources play a critical role in the economy, as they are used to produce goods and services that satisfy human wants and needs. The availability and efficient use of resources are key determinants of economic growth and development.

Founder of Theosophical Society in India:
Annie Besant

Explanation:
The Theosophical Society was founded in New York City in 1875 by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge, and others. Annie Besant, a British social reformer, joined the Society in 1889 and became its leader in 1907. She founded the Theosophical Society in India in 1893 along with Henry Steel Olcott.

Life of Annie Besant:
Annie Besant was born in London, England in 1847. She was a social reformer, women's rights activist, and theosophist. In 1873, she became a member of the National Secular Society and started writing for their publication, The National Reformer. She also became involved in the trade union movement and the Fabian Society.

Contribution of Annie Besant:
Annie Besant's contribution to the Theosophical Society in India was immense. She was instrumental in establishing the society's headquarters in Adyar, Chennai. She also founded the Central Hindu College in Benares (now Varanasi), which later became the Banaras Hindu University. She was a strong advocate of Indian self-rule and worked closely with Indian leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mahatma Gandhi.

Conclusion:
Annie Besant's contribution to the Theosophical Society in India and her work for the Indian independence movement have made her a prominent figure in Indian history. Her legacy continues to inspire social reformers and activists today.

Abolition of Permanent Settlement System

The Permanent Settlement System was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha. It was a land revenue system that fixed the land revenue demand in perpetuity, based on the expectation of a stable increase in agricultural production and thus, revenue. However, this system was not successful in achieving its objectives, as it led to the exploitation of farmers and the concentration of land in the hands of a few landlords.

Abolition of Permanent Settlement System

In 1833, the Governor-General of India, Lord William Bentinck, abolished the Permanent Settlement System in all the provinces of India, except for Bengal, as it was a major source of revenue for the British East India Company. However, in 1855, the Bengal Tenancy Act was passed, which introduced some reforms to protect the rights of tenants and regulate the relationship between landlords and tenants.

Finally, in 1951, the Permanent Settlement System was abolished in Bengal, and a new system of land revenue was introduced, which was based on the assessment of the land's productivity and the market value of crops. This system was more equitable and transparent and helped in the development of agriculture and the welfare of farmers.

Conclusion

Thus, the Permanent Settlement System was abolished in 1951 in Bengal, after being in operation for almost 158 years. It was replaced by a more equitable and transparent system of land revenue that helped in the development of agriculture and the welfare of farmers.

Understanding the Judiciary System
The judiciary system plays a crucial role in maintaining law and order in a society. It offers a structured mechanism for resolving disputes arising from various interactions among individuals, governments, and other entities.
Mechanisms for Dispute Resolution
The judiciary provides a platform for addressing grievances and ensuring justice through the following avenues:

• Citizens: Individuals can seek legal redress against other citizens. This includes civil suits, criminal cases, and family law matters.
• Citizens & Government: The judiciary acts as an arbiter in disputes between citizens and government entities. This can involve issues related to administrative actions, violations of rights, and public interest litigation.
• Two State Governments: The judiciary also resolves disputes between different state governments. This can involve issues such as boundary disputes, resource sharing, and inter-state commerce conflicts.

Comprehensive Coverage
The correct answer to the question is option 'D' - all of these. The judiciary's inclusive nature ensures that:

• All citizens have the right to seek legal recourse.
• Government accountability is enforced through legal channels.
• Inter-state disputes are addressed to maintain federal harmony.

This comprehensive mechanism fosters a sense of justice and stability within the legal system, ensuring that every individual and entity can access the judiciary for dispute resolution. By doing so, it reinforces the rule of law and protects the rights of citizens while facilitating cooperation among governmental entities.

Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and nuclear energy are renewable and inexhaustible sources of energy.

Things become resources when they have value. A resource gains its value by how it used or its utility.

Increase in vegetation help in binding soil, that will further prevent land slide.

A key difference is that Indian secularism allows for some state intervention in religious affairs to uphold constitutional values and prevent discrimination, whereas U.S. secularism maintains a strict separation between state and religion without such interventions.