Instructions: Read the passage carefully and answer the multiple-choice questions that follow.
Passage: "Global warming is a significant environmental issue characterized by the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. This phenomenon leads to melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and more frequent extreme weather events such as hurricanes and heatwaves. Scientists agree that human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, contribute significantly to global warming. Addressing this issue requires international cooperation and sustainable practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate its adverse effects on ecosystems and human societies."