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All questions of Judiciary for Class 8 Exam

Article 21 includes
a)Right against Exploitation
b) Right to Speech
c)Right to personal liberty
d)Right to worship
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Answer:

The correct answer is option 'C' - Right to personal liberty.

Explanation:

Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees the right to personal liberty. It states that "No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law." This article is a fundamental right and is considered one of the essential pillars of democracy and individual freedom.

The right to personal liberty encompasses various aspects, ensuring that individuals have the freedom to live their lives without unjustified interference or restraint. It includes the following key points:

1. Right to life: The right to life is a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 21. It is not limited to mere existence but includes the right to live with dignity. This means that every person has the right to access basic necessities such as food, water, shelter, healthcare, and education.

2. Right to personal liberty: This refers to the freedom of an individual to make choices and decisions about their own life. It includes protection against arbitrary arrests, detentions, and imprisonments. No person can be deprived of their liberty without the due process of law.

3. Right to privacy: The right to privacy has been recognized as an integral part of the right to personal liberty. It ensures that individuals have control over their personal information, relationships, and private spaces. This right protects individuals from unwarranted intrusions or surveillance by the state or any other entity.

4. Right against torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment: Article 21 also includes the right to be free from torture or any form of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. This protection extends to all individuals, including prisoners and detainees.

5. Right to a fair trial: The right to personal liberty also includes the right to a fair trial. This ensures that individuals accused of a crime are provided with a fair and impartial judicial process. It includes the right to legal representation, presumption of innocence, and the right to be heard.

In conclusion, Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to personal liberty, which encompasses the right to life, freedom from arbitrary arrests, right to privacy, protection against torture, and the right to a fair trial. This fundamental right ensures that individuals have the freedom to live their lives with dignity and without unjustified interference or restraint.

A tenant who is being force to move out files a case in courts against the landlord :
  • a)
    Civil Law
  • b)
    Social law
  • c)
    Economical law
  • d)
    Criminal law
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mihir Mehta answered
Answer:
Civil Law

Explanation:
Civil law deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, including property disputes, contract disputes, and personal injury claims. In this case, the tenant is filing a case against the landlord for reasons related to the tenancy agreement, which falls under civil law.

The tenant may have several reasons for wanting to move out, such as a breach of contract by the landlord, failure to maintain the property, or illegal eviction. By filing a case in court, the tenant is seeking a legal resolution to their dispute with the landlord.

Civil law provides a framework for resolving disputes between parties. The court will hear both sides of the case and make a decision based on the evidence presented. The court may order the landlord to compensate the tenant for any damages suffered, or they may order the landlord to allow the tenant to move out without penalty.

In conclusion, the tenant's case against the landlord falls under civil law, which provides a legal process for resolving disputes between parties. The court will hear both sides of the case and make a decision based on the evidence presented, providing a fair and just resolution to the dispute.

The chief justice of India is appointed by :
  • a)
    Prime minister
  • b)
    Ministers of council
  • c)
    Members of parliament
  • d)
    President
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kunaal Satija answered
  • The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President of India.
  • This appointment is made after consultation with other judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
  • The President follows the convention of appointing the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court as the Chief Justice of India.
  • The Chief Justice holds office until the age of 65 years or until removed through the process of impeachment.

Supreme court has :-
  • a)
    25 judges
  • b)
    34 judges
  • c)
    20 judges
  • d)
    18 judges
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ranajit Patil answered
There are currently 27 judges (including the Chief Justice of India) and maximum possible strength is 34.
option B is Right.

The Supreme court was established on :
  • a)
    1950
  • b)
    1949
  • c)
    1962
  • d)
    1980
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The Supreme Court of India was inaugurated on January 28, 1950. It succeeded the Federal Court of India, established under the Government of India Act of 1935.
Article 124 to 147 in part V of the Constitution deal with me organisation, independence, jurisdiction, powers, procedures and so on of the Supreme Court. The Parliament is also authorised to regulate them.

Judiciary system provide mechanism for resolving disputes between ______
  • a)
    Citizens
  • b)
    Citizens & government
  • c)
    Two state government
  • d)
    All of these
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Meera Kapoor answered
The Judiciary is the system of court that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between the following:-
Citizens
Citizens and government
Two state governments

High Courts were first established in which of the three presidency cities ?
  • a)
    Punjab, Chandigarh, Madras
  • b)
    J & K, U. P., Haryana
  • c)
    Madras, Tamil naidu, Punjab
  • d)
    Calcutta, Bombay & Madras
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Kumar answered
The high court looks after the issues which are not solved in district court.high court's were first established in three presidency cities of calcutta, bombay and madras in 1862. The high court of delhi came up in 1966.

What concept does the principle of 'rule of law' embody?
  • a)
    Law is supreme and applies equally to all individuals
  • b)
    The government can make arbitrary decisions
  • c)
    Only certain individuals are subject to the law
  • d)
    Law does not apply to government officials
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Lakshya Ias answered
The principle of 'rule of law' emphasizes that legal norms are supreme and apply uniformly to all individuals, irrespective of their status. It ensures equality before the law and prevents arbitrary exercise of authority.

Why was the mid-day meal scheme introduced in schools?
  • a)
    Government policy
  • b)
    Judicial intervention through PIL
  • c)
    Executive order
  • d)
    Legislative act
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Introduction to the Mid-Day Meal Scheme
The Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDMS) was introduced in India to improve the nutritional status of school children and to encourage higher enrollment and retention rates in schools. It emerged as a response to the need for better education and nutrition among children from economically weaker sections.
Judicial Intervention
The correct answer is option 'B', as the scheme was significantly influenced by judicial intervention, particularly through Public Interest Litigations (PILs).
Key Reasons for Judicial Intervention:
- Right to Food: The Supreme Court of India recognized the right to food as a fundamental right and mandated the government to provide nutritious meals to children in schools.
- Social Justice: The court aimed to address the issue of malnutrition and food insecurity among children, especially in marginalized communities, leading to the implementation of the scheme.
- Education and Health: The judiciary emphasized that proper nutrition is crucial for cognitive development, which directly impacts children's learning abilities and educational outcomes.
Impact of the Mid-Day Meal Scheme
- Enrollment Rates: The MDMS has contributed to increased enrollment and attendance in schools, particularly among underprivileged groups, as the provision of meals makes schooling more attractive.
- Nutritional Benefits: The scheme has improved the nutritional intake of millions of children, combating issues like malnutrition and anemia.
- Community Engagement: The implementation of the scheme fosters community involvement, as local bodies often play a role in meal preparation and distribution.
In conclusion, while the Mid-Day Meal Scheme was formalized by government policy, its inception and continued evolution were largely driven by judicial intervention, highlighting the importance of the right to food for children's education and health.

What is one reason for delays in the judicial process?
  • a)
    Lack of cases
  • b)
    Excessive number of judges
  • c)
    Inordinate number of years to hear a case
  • d)
    Efficient administrative processes
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Raj Chavan answered
Understanding Delays in the Judicial Process
Delays in the judicial process can significantly impact the efficiency and effectiveness of the legal system. One prominent reason for these delays is the excessive length of time it takes to hear a case, which is captured in option 'C'.
Factors Contributing to Inordinate Delays:
- Case Backlog: Courts often face an overwhelming number of cases. This backlog can lead to significant delays as judges and court staff struggle to manage the volume of cases.
- Complexity of Cases: Many legal cases involve intricate details that require extensive examination. The more complex a case, the longer it may take to resolve.
- Limited Resources: Courts may lack sufficient resources, including judges and administrative staff. This scarcity can slow down the processing of cases, leading to longer wait times.
- Procedural Delays: Legal procedures can be lengthy and complicated. Delays in filing, scheduling hearings, and obtaining necessary documentation can all contribute to prolonged case durations.
- Appeals Process: If a case is appealed, it can extend the time taken to reach a final resolution. The appeals process can be lengthy, causing delays in the original case.
Impact of Delays:
The consequences of these delays can be far-reaching, affecting not only the parties involved but also the overall perception of the justice system. Delays can lead to:
- Increased Costs: Prolonged cases can result in higher legal fees for the parties involved.
- Emotional Toll: Lengthy legal proceedings can cause stress and anxiety for those waiting for resolution.
- Access to Justice: Delays can hinder people's ability to access timely justice, undermining their trust in the legal system.
In summary, the excessive number of years to hear a case is a significant contributor to delays in the judicial process, impacting all aspects of the legal system.

Compensation means :-
  • a)
    Money given to make amend for an injury
  • b)
    Punishment given to make amend for an injury
  • c)
    Both (a) & (b)
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Asha Kumar answered
The correct answer is (a) Money given to make amend for an injury.
Compensation refers to the payment or remuneration provided to a person as a form of reparation or restitution for loss, injury, or harm suffered as a result of someone else's actions or omissions. It is a way to make amends for the harm caused and to restore the affected person to the position they would have been in had the harm not occurred.
Compensation can take many forms, including monetary payments, goods or services, and non-monetary benefits such as apologies, acknowledgments, or guarantees of non-repetition. The purpose of compensation is to provide relief to the victim and to hold the wrongdoer accountable for their actions, rather than to punish them.

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