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All questions of Science and Technology for Class 8 Exam

In which of the following states has India's first floating solar power plant become operational?
  • a)
    Tamil Nadu
  • b)
    Assam
  • c)
    Kerala
  • d)
    Sikkim
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Introduction:
India’s first floating solar power plant has been set up in the state of Kerala. The 500 kWp (kilowatt peak) solar plant has been installed on the Banasura Sagar reservoir in Wayanad. The project was executed by Thiruvananthapuram-based Adtech Systems.

Details:
The floating solar panels are made of ferrocement floaters that are lightweight, durable and do not corrode. They are fixed on the water surface using anchoring and mooring ropes with pulleys. The plant is expected to generate 7.5 lakh units of electricity annually, which will be transmitted to the KSEB grid using a 11kV line.

Benefits:
The floating solar power plant has several benefits, such as:

1. It helps to conserve land as it is installed on water bodies.
2. The water surface helps to keep the solar panels cool, which improves their efficiency.
3. It reduces evaporation of water from the reservoir, which is particularly important in areas that face water scarcity.
4. It can help to meet the energy needs of remote and rural areas that are not connected to the grid.

Conclusion:
The floating solar power plant in Kerala is an innovative and sustainable solution to meet the growing energy needs of the country. It is expected to be a game-changer in the renewable energy sector and inspire other states to adopt similar initiatives.

From where was India's multipurpose telecommunication satellite INSAT−2EI launched?
  • a)
    Thumba
  • b)
    Baikanour
  • c)
    Kourou
  • d)
    Sriharikota
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Akash Malik answered
India's multipurpose telecommunication satellite INSAT was developed and launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), which is based in Bangalore, India.

Which of the following movements is related to fight against the taking over of fertile land for testing of missiles in a thickly populated village in Odisha?
  • a)
    Chipko Movement
  • b)
    Baliapal Movement
  • c)
    Bishnoi Movement
  • d)
    Appiko Movement
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Explanation:

Baliapal Movement:
The Baliapal Movement was a significant movement that took place in Odisha, India. It was a movement against the government's decision to acquire fertile land for testing missiles in a thickly populated village in Odisha.

Fight Against Taking Over Fertile Land:
The primary objective of the Baliapal Movement was to resist the government's attempt to take over fertile land for missile testing purposes. The villagers were concerned about the impact that missile testing would have on their agricultural land and livelihoods.

Thickly Populated Village in Odisha:
The movement specifically focused on protecting the interests of the residents of a thickly populated village in Odisha. The villagers united to oppose the acquisition of their land for military purposes, emphasizing the importance of preserving their agricultural land.

Significance of the Movement:
The Baliapal Movement symbolized the resistance of the local community against the government's decision to take over their land without considering the concerns of the villagers. It highlighted the importance of protecting fertile land and the livelihoods of the people dependent on it.

Outcome of the Movement:
The Baliapal Movement brought attention to the plight of the villagers and their struggle to safeguard their land from being used for missile testing. It showcased the power of community solidarity in fighting against unjust land acquisition practices.
In conclusion, the Baliapal Movement was a significant movement in Odisha that aimed to protect fertile land from being taken over for missile testing in a densely populated village. The movement underscored the importance of preserving agricultural land and the livelihoods of the local community.

The term associated with the processing of computer speed is ______.
  • a)
    CPS
  • b)
    BITS
  • c)
    MIPS
  • d)
    JPG
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vivek Bansal answered
MIPS stands for 'Million instructions per second'. It is a method of measuring the raw speed of a computer's processor. The MIPS measurement has been used by computer manufacturers like IBM to measure the "cost of computing".
However, there is no standard method for measuring MIPS.

A space probe is a robotic spacecraft that leaves Earth's orbit and explores space. Which among the following was the first space probe to maintain orbit around another planet?
  • a)
    Mariner 10
  • b)
    Mars 3
  • c)
    Mariner 9
  • d)
    Sojourner
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Mariner 9

Mariner Mars '71
 
Mariner-I
 was a 
robotic spacecraft
 that contributed greatly to the exploration of 
Mars
 and was part of the 
NASA
 
Mariner program
. Mariner 9 was launched toward Mars on May 30, 1971
 from 
LC-36B
 at 
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
Florida




Is Mariner 9 still in orbit ?

The Mariner 9 mission officially ended on Oct. 27, 1972. Once the spacecraft had run out of altitude gas, it was shut off and left in orbit. 
It was estimated to remain in space for at least 50 years until the orbit decays
, at which point it will enter the Martian atmosphere.

World's first IT Campus for differently-abled persons will be set up by the government of ________.
  • a)
    Madhya Pradesh
  • b)
    Kerala
  • c)
    Punjab
  • d)
    Telangana
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Harsh Saha answered
The correct answer is option 'D' - Telangana.

Explanation:
The government of Telangana is planning to set up the world's first IT Campus for differently-abled persons. This initiative aims to provide equal opportunities and accessibility for individuals with disabilities in the field of Information Technology (IT). Here are the details:

1. Inclusive IT Campus:
The government of Telangana is taking a proactive step towards inclusivity by establishing an IT Campus that caters specifically to the needs of differently-abled persons. This campus will be designed to accommodate and support individuals with various disabilities, ensuring that they have equal access to education and employment opportunities in the IT sector.

2. Accessible Infrastructure:
The IT Campus will be equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure that is accessible and user-friendly for differently-abled persons. This includes ramps, elevators, tactile signage, Braille facilities, and other assistive technologies to facilitate a barrier-free environment. The campus will prioritize the needs and comfort of individuals with disabilities, ensuring that they can navigate the premises independently.

3. Skill Development Programs:
The IT Campus will offer skill development programs tailored to the requirements of differently-abled individuals. These programs will focus on enhancing their technical skills, such as programming, software development, data analysis, and other IT-related fields. By providing specialized training, the campus aims to empower individuals with disabilities and equip them with the necessary skills to succeed in the IT industry.

4. Employment Opportunities:
One of the primary objectives of the IT Campus is to create employment opportunities for differently-abled persons. The government of Telangana plans to collaborate with IT companies and organizations to ensure that individuals with disabilities have equal access to job opportunities. This will be achieved through job fairs, on-campus recruitment drives, and partnerships with inclusive employers who value diversity and inclusivity.

5. Role Model for Other States:
The establishment of the world's first IT Campus for differently-abled persons in Telangana sets an example for other states and countries to follow. It emphasizes the importance of inclusivity and equal opportunities for individuals with disabilities. By showcasing the success of this initiative, the government of Telangana hopes to inspire others to replicate this model and create more inclusive campuses and workplaces worldwide.

In conclusion, the government of Telangana's decision to set up the world's first IT Campus for differently-abled persons is a commendable initiative towards promoting inclusivity and equal opportunities in the IT sector. This campus will provide accessible infrastructure, skill development programs, and employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities, empowering them to thrive in the field of Information Technology.

In 1774, a British clergyman named Joseph Priestley conducted an experiment in which he focussed sunrays on a tube containing mercuric oxide. This produced a gas which he noticed made candles burn brighter, thus discovering a gas which is the very essence of life. What gas was it?
  • a)
    Carbon dioxide
  • b)
    Nitrogen
  • c)
    Oxygen
  • d)
    Helium
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vivek Bansal answered
Joseph Priestley was hugely productive in research and widely notorious in philosophy. He invented carbonated water and the rubber eraser, identified a dozen key chemical compounds, and wrote an important early paper about electricity. 
He found that air is not an elementary substance, but a composition, or mixture, of gases. The world recalls Priestley best as the man who discovered oxygen, the active ingredient in our planet's atmosphere.

Robonaut is a NASA robot designed to be humanoid, which means it is built to look like a person. Which of the following is the latest model of robonaut manufactured by NASA and General Motors?
  • a)
    Robonaut 33
  • b)
    Robonaut 1
  • c)
    Robonaut 2
  • d)
    Dexterous 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Researchers at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC), in collaboration with General Motors and Oceaneering, have designed a state-of-the-art, highly dexterous, humanoid robot: Robonaut 2 (R2). 
R2 is made up of multiple component technologies and systems viz. vision systems, image recognition systems, sensor integrations, tendon hands, control algorithms, and much more. It is an advancement over Robonaut 1 and was sent to the International Space Station to help astronauts with various tasks.

An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by forces acting upon it. Because of their heating and cooling qualities, they can affect weather and climate. How do ocean currents transfer heat in the ocean? 
  • a)
    By convection
  • b)
    By radiation
  • c)
    By conduction
  • d)
    By evaporation
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vivek Bansal answered
Convection currents transfer heat from one place to another by mass motion of a fluid such as water, air or molten rocks. If they occur naturally they are called natural convection or free convection. If convection is forced to occur, it is called forced convection.

In 2012, NASA's Kepler mission has discovered 11 new planetary systems hosting ______.
  • a)
    25 planets
  • b)
    26 planets
  • c)
    36 planets
  • d)
    35 planets
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Kepler is part of NASA's Discovery Program designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover Earth-size exoplanets in or near habitable zones and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets. 
The primary goal is to determine the frequency of Earth-size and larger planets in the HZ (Habitable Zone) of solar-like stars.
NASA's Kepler mission has discovered 11 new planetary systems hosting 26 confirmed planets. 

The Android operating system for phones has over 80% market share globally. What is the latest version of Android 7.0 called?
  • a)
    Lolllipop
  • b)
    Jelly-Bean
  • c)
    Nougat
  • d)
    Honeycomb
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

The Android operating system, introduced in February 2009, runs on all Android smartphones and tablets. Each version of the OS has a corresponding number and a dessert name appended to it.
Android 7.0 was the 7th major version and was called Nougat.

Which company rolled out the first driverless commercial cabs in Singapore in 2016?
  • a)
  • b)
  • c)
  • d)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

The world’s first self-driving taxi service was launched in Singapore.
It was launched by Singapore based nuTonomy, an autonomous vehicle software startup. With this nuTonomy became entity in the world first to offer self-driving taxi rides to the public.

India added a feather to its space programme's cap by putting 20 satellites in orbit with a single launch in June 2016. These include 13 foreign satellites, 2 micro satellites created by Indian students. What was the name of the rocket that launched the satellites successfully?
  • a)
    PSLV-C34
  • b)
    NAVIC
  • c)
    INSAT-3DR
  • d)
    GSAT-15
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched a record 20 satellites in a single mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. The launch included foreign satellites from Germany, Canada, the US and Japan.
The mission was historic double record for the ISRO’s workhorse PSLV C34 as it inserted a record number of 20 satellites into space and also proved to be reliable for double ignition while in space to take multiple satellites into different orbital heights in a single mission.

The CPU is an important part of your computer. You might call it the computer's brain. What does CPU stand for?
  • a)
    Central Processing Unit
  • b)
    Control Processing Unit
  • c)
    Command Processing Unit
  • d)
    Communications Procedure Unit
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vivek Bansal answered
Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer where most calculations take place. It processes the data and produces output, which may be stored by an application or displayed on the screen. Most modern CPUs are microprocessors, where the CPU is contained in a single metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit.

What does the NUSTAR a space-based X-ray telescope study?
  • a)
    Stars
  • b)
    Comets
  • c)
    Asteroids
  • d)
    Black holes
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vivek Bansal answered
NuSTAR is a NASA-funded small explorer mission that carries the first focusing hard X-ray telescope to orbit. 
NuSTAR will carry out a two-year primary science mission that focuses on black holes. 
It will also offer opportunities for a broad range of science investigations, ranging from probing cosmic ray origins to studying the extreme physics around collapsed stars to mapping microflares on the surface of the sun. 

You must have noticed a lot of Bollywood and Hollywood actors riding this device on TV or social media. One needs body balance to walk on it but it's really easy to use. It is powered by rechargeable batteries. Look at the image and identify the device.
  • a)
    Segway miniPRO
  • b)
    Phunkee Duck
  • c)
    Ninebot mini
  • d)
    Cruiser hybrid scooter
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vivek Bansal answered
The Phunkee Duck personal transportation device is the next era of transportation. It is a futuristic skateboard-Segway hybrid that allows users to wheel around at up to 18 kilometer per hour with little to no effort, making it the new go-to gadget among celebrities.

LRO is a robotic spacecraft that is orbiting the moon. It is taking pictures and gathering information about the moon's surface. What does LRO stand for?
  • a)
    Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
  • b)
    Lunar Recording Object
  • c)
    Lunar Recreating Orbiter
  • d)
    Lunar Reconnaissance Object
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

LRO is a NASA mission to the moon within the Lunar Precursor and Robotic Program (LPRP) in preparation for future manned missions to the moon and beyond (Mars). The objectives of LRO are to: 
  • Identify potential lunar resources
  • Gather detailed maps of the lunar surface
  • Collect data on the moon's radiation levels
Study the moons polar regions for resources that could be used in future manned missions or robotic sample return missions
Provide measurements to characterize future robotic explorers, human lunar landing sites and to derive measurements that can be used directly in support of future Lunar Human Exploration Systems.

China became the second country after France to construct solar highway. What is the use of a solar highway?
  • a)
    It can charge electric powered vehicles.
  • b)
    It is a very smooth road.
  • c)
    It improves fuel efficiency of CNG vehicles.
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vivek Bansal answered
China became the second country after France to construct a solar highway. The photovoltaic highway can charge electric-powered vehicles. The highway is constructed using solar panels which have a thin sheet of transparent concrete on top of them, protecting the surface.

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