All questions of Poverty (Old NCERT) for Commerce Exam

The correct answer is option 'A' i.e. APS.

APS stands for Annapurna Scheme which was started in the year 2000 for the indigent senior citizens who are not covered under the National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS). It is a centrally sponsored scheme implemented through State Governments and Union Territories.

Under this scheme, eligible beneficiaries are provided with free food grains up to 10 kg per person per month. The beneficiaries are identified by the State Governments and Union Territories and the food grains are distributed through the Fair Price Shops (FPS) of the Public Distribution System (PDS).

Some key features of the Annapurna Scheme are:

1. Eligibility: The scheme is meant for the senior citizens who are not covered under the NOAPS and are 65 years of age or above.

2. Coverage: The scheme covers the entire country.

3. Food grains: The eligible beneficiaries are provided with free food grains up to 10 kg per person per month.

4. Identification of beneficiaries: The State Governments and Union Territories are responsible for identifying the eligible beneficiaries.

5. Distribution: The food grains are distributed through the Fair Price Shops (FPS) of the Public Distribution System (PDS).

6. Funding: The scheme is implemented with 100% central assistance.

The Annapurna Scheme is a welfare measure for the indigent senior citizens who are not covered under the NOAPS. It helps in ensuring food security and improving the quality of life of the senior citizens.

Explanation:

The correct answer is option 'B', which stands for Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY). It is a government scheme launched in December 2000 by the Ministry of Food and Consumer Affairs. The main objective of this scheme is to provide highly subsidized food grains to the poorest of the poor families in India.

Features of Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY):

- Identification of Beneficiaries: Under this scheme, the identification of beneficiaries is done by the respective State Governments/UT administrations. The families that are identified under this scheme are the poorest of the poor who are not able to meet their daily food requirements.

- Subsidized Rates: The food grains are provided to the beneficiaries at a highly subsidized rate of Rs. 3 per kg for wheat and Rs. 2 per kg for rice. The subsidy is borne by the Central Government.

- Quantity of Food Grains: Under this scheme, each beneficiary family is entitled to receive 35 kg of food grains per month.

- Distribution of Food Grains: The food grains are distributed through the Fair Price Shops (FPS) that are operated by the State Governments/UT administrations. The beneficiaries are issued a ration card, which they can use to purchase the food grains from the FPS.

- Coverage: The AAY scheme covers about 2.5 crore families across the country.

Conclusion:

The Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) is a government scheme that aims to provide highly subsidized food grains to the poorest of the poor families in India. The scheme ensures that the beneficiaries are able to meet their daily food requirements at affordable rates. The scheme has been quite successful in reaching out to the needy families and has been able to provide them with the required support.

The VAMBAY was launched in December 2001 to ameliorate the conditions of the urban slum dwellers living below the poverty line without adequate shelter.The scheme has the primary objective of facilitating the construction and up-gradation of dwelling units for slum dwellers and providing a healthy and enabling urban environment through community toilets under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan, a component of the scheme.The Central Government provides a subsidy of 50 per cent, the balance 50 per cent being arranged by the State Government.There are prescribed ceilings on costs both for dwelling units and community toilets. During 2003-04, Central subsidy to the extent of Rs. 239 crore has been released. Since inception up to May 2004, Rs. 522 crore have been released as Government of India subsidy for the construction/upgradation of 2,46,035 dwelling units and 29,263 toilet seats under the scheme.

The correct answer is option 'C', which stands for Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY). VAMBAY was a scheme launched by the Government of India in 2001 with the aim of providing housing to slum dwellers and upgrading their living conditions.

Under this scheme, the government provided financial assistance to states and Union Territories for the construction of dwelling units for slum dwellers. The scheme also aimed to provide basic amenities such as water supply, sanitation, and electricity to these units.

Some of the key features of VAMBAY were:

1. Target beneficiaries: The scheme targeted slum dwellers who were living in unauthorized colonies and did not have pucca houses.

2. Financial assistance: The government provided financial assistance to states and Union Territories for the construction of dwelling units. The amount of assistance varied depending on the location of the project.

3. Upgradation of living conditions: In addition to providing housing, the scheme also aimed to provide basic amenities such as water supply, sanitation, and electricity to these units.

4. Implementation: The scheme was implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation.

Overall, VAMBAY was an important scheme launched by the government to provide housing and basic amenities to slum dwellers. The scheme aimed to improve their living conditions and provide them with a better quality of life.

Explanation:
The poverty line is the minimum level of income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate standard of living in a specific country. In India, the poverty line is defined based on the level of consumption expenditure required to meet the minimum calorie requirements. The poverty line is different for rural and urban areas because of the difference in the cost of living.

Rural Poverty Line:
The poverty line for rural areas is defined based on the level of consumption expenditure required to meet the minimum calorie requirements. The poverty line is updated periodically based on the changes in the cost of living. The latest poverty line for rural areas in India is consumption worth rupees 816 per person a month.

Calculation:
The poverty line is calculated based on the level of consumption expenditure required to meet the minimum calorie requirements. The minimum calorie requirement for a person per day is 2400 calories in rural areas. So, the minimum calorie requirement for a month is 2400 x 30 = 72000 calories. The poverty line is calculated based on the cost of food items required to meet the minimum calorie requirement. The cost of food items varies based on the location and time. The latest poverty line for rural areas in India is consumption worth rupees 816 per person a month.

Conclusion:
The poverty line for rural areas in India is consumption worth rupees 816 per person a month. The poverty line is defined based on the level of consumption expenditure required to meet the minimum calorie requirements. The poverty line is updated periodically based on the changes in the cost of living.

Food for Work Programme

Food for Work Programme is a scheme implemented by the government of India to provide food and employment opportunities to the poor and unemployed people in the country. The scheme is designed to help people in the areas affected by natural calamities or any disaster.

Payment of Wages under Food for Work Programme

Under the Food for Work Programme, the wages to the workers can be paid in both cash and food form. The payment of wages partly in cash and partly in food form is done to ensure that the workers receive adequate food and nutrition along with the wages.

Importance of Payment in Food Form

Payment of wages in food form is of great importance, especially in areas where people suffer from malnutrition and hunger. The scheme ensures that the workers receive adequate food and nutrition along with the wages, thereby improving their health and well-being.

The payment of wages in food form also helps in the distribution of food grains to the poor and needy people in the country. The scheme provides employment opportunities to the people and also helps in the distribution of food grains, thereby addressing the issue of food security in the country.

Conclusion

Thus, the Food for Work Programme is a scheme implemented by the government of India to provide employment opportunities and food security to the poor and unemployed people in the country. The payment of wages in both cash and food form ensures that the workers receive adequate food and nutrition along with the wages, thereby improving their health and well-being.

Explanation:
Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojna (SGRY) is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in 2001 under the Ministry of Rural Development. The scheme aims to provide employment opportunities to the rural poor and create durable community assets in rural areas. The cost of the scheme is shared between the central government and the state government on a cost-sharing ratio of 75:25.

Significance of the Cost-sharing ratio:
The cost-sharing ratio of 75:25 means that the central government bears 75% of the total cost of the scheme, and the state government bears the remaining 25%. This ratio ensures that the burden of implementing the scheme is shared between the central and state governments, and it also ensures that the scheme is implemented effectively and efficiently.

Benefits of SGRY:
The SGRY scheme has several benefits, including:

- It provides employment opportunities to the rural poor, which helps to reduce poverty and unemployment in rural areas.
- It creates durable community assets such as roads, water supply systems, and irrigation facilities, which help to improve the overall infrastructure of rural areas.
- It promotes the development of rural areas by providing various services such as health care, education, and sanitation facilities.
- It helps to improve the standard of living of the rural poor by providing them with a regular source of income.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojna is an important scheme launched by the government to provide employment opportunities to the rural poor and create durable community assets in rural areas. The cost-sharing ratio of 75:25 ensures that the scheme is implemented effectively and efficiently, and the benefits of the scheme are far-reaching.

The First to Use the Concept of Poverty Line in India

The correct answer to the question is Dadabhai Naroji.

Who is Dadabhai Naroji?

- Dadabhai Naroji was an Indian political leader, educator, and an economist who was born in 1825 in Bombay, present-day Mumbai, India.
- He was the first Indian to become a Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom.
- He was also a strong advocate for the Indian independence movement and played a significant role in the founding of the Indian National Congress.

The concept of Poverty Line:

- Poverty line is a term that refers to the minimum income required to meet the basic needs of an individual or a family.
- It is used as a measure of poverty and is often used by governments and other organizations to determine eligibility for social welfare programs and other forms of assistance.

Dadabhai Naroji and the concept of Poverty Line:

- Dadabhai Naroji was the first to use the concept of Poverty Line in India during the late 19th century.
- He used the concept to describe the economic condition of the Indian people during British colonial rule.
- He argued that the poverty in India was due to the exploitation of Indian resources by the British colonial powers.
- He also used the concept of the poverty line to call for economic reform and social welfare programs to help the poor in India.

Conclusion:

Dadabhai Naroji was the first to use the concept of Poverty Line in India during the late 19th century. He used the concept to describe the economic condition of the Indian people during British colonial rule and to call for economic reform and social welfare programs to help the poor in India.

Explanation:
The Planning Commission has defined the poverty line on the basis of recommended nutritional requirement of ____ calories per person per day for urban areas.
To find the correct answer, we need to determine the recommended nutritional requirement of calories per person per day for urban areas.
Given:
- Poverty line is defined on the basis of recommended nutritional requirement of calories.
- We need to find the number of calories for urban areas.

- The recommended nutritional requirement of calories per person per day for urban areas is 2100 calories (Option A).
- Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Summary:
- The poverty line is defined on the basis of recommended nutritional requirement of 2100 calories per person per day for urban areas.

Poverty Line

The poverty line is a term that refers to a specific level of income or earnings below which an individual or family is considered to be living in poverty. This is typically defined as the minimum amount of money that a person needs to meet their basic needs and maintain a reasonable standard of living.

Definition

The poverty line is defined as a cut-off point on the line of distribution which divides the population into poor and non-poor. This line is determined through a variety of factors, including the cost of living, inflation, and the availability of basic goods and services.

Purpose

The purpose of the poverty line is to help policymakers and researchers better understand the extent and nature of poverty in a given population. By establishing a clear definition of poverty, it becomes possible to develop more targeted and effective policies and programs to address the needs of those living in poverty.

Measurement

The poverty line is typically measured in terms of income, with individuals or families earning below a certain threshold considered to be living in poverty. However, the poverty line can also be measured in terms of other factors, such as access to basic goods and services like food, housing, and healthcare.

Criticism

The use of the poverty line as a measure of poverty has been criticized for its limitations. The poverty line is often based on outdated assumptions about the cost of living and fails to account for regional variations in the cost of basic goods and services. Additionally, the poverty line often fails to capture the full extent of poverty, particularly in cases where individuals or families are struggling to meet their basic needs despite earning above the poverty line.

Conclusion

Despite its limitations, the poverty line remains an important tool for measuring and addressing poverty in society. By continuing to refine our understanding of poverty and its causes, we can work towards developing more effective policies and programs to help those who are living in poverty.

Per Capita Income in India

Per capita income refers to the average income earned by an individual in a country. It is calculated by dividing the total income of a country by its total population. The per capita income gives an idea of the standard of living of the people in a country.

In India, per capita income is calculated on an annual basis. It is an important economic indicator as it reflects the economic growth of the country and the income distribution among the population.

As per the latest available data, the per capita income in India is about $736 per annum.

Explanation of Options

a) 735 - This option is close to the correct answer but is not the exact value.

b) 836 - This option is higher than the correct answer and is not the exact value.

c) 835 - This option is also higher than the correct answer and is not the exact value.

d) 736 - This is the correct option as it represents the exact value of the per capita income in India.

Conclusion

The per capita income in India is a crucial economic indicator that reflects the standard of living of people in the country. As per the latest data, the per capita income in India is $736 per annum. It is important to note that this value may change over time due to various economic factors.

The correct answer is option 'C': Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna.

Explanation:
Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) is a government scheme that aims to provide affordable housing to the urban poor in India. It is named after two prominent social reformers and leaders, Maharishi Valmiki and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who fought for the rights and upliftment of marginalized communities.

VAMBAY was launched in 2001 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India. The scheme primarily targets the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other economically weaker sections of society. Its goal is to improve the living conditions of these vulnerable groups by providing them with housing options.

Under the Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna, the government provides financial assistance to eligible beneficiaries to construct or upgrade their houses. The scheme offers subsidies and loans to ensure that the cost of housing becomes affordable for the beneficiaries. The amount of financial assistance provided varies depending on the category of the beneficiary and the location of the housing project.

The implementation of VAMBAY is carried out by the state governments in coordination with local urban bodies. The scheme has been successful in enabling the construction of thousands of houses for the urban poor across India. It has played a crucial role in addressing the housing needs of marginalized communities and ensuring their access to safe and decent living conditions.

In conclusion, Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) is a government scheme aimed at providing affordable housing to the urban poor in India. It is named after Maharishi Valmiki and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and seeks to uplift marginalized communities by improving their living conditions through housing assistance.

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