All questions of Famous Personalities of India and World for Bank Exams Exam

Charles Correa was born in Hyderabad, India. He studied architecture at the University of Michigan and at Massachusetts Institute of Technology after which he established a private practice in Bombay in 1958.

**B. Euclid**

Euclid is widely considered to be the father of geometry. He was a Greek mathematician who lived around 300 BCE. Euclid's work, known as "Elements," is one of the most influential ancient Greek mathematical texts and is still studied today.

**Euclid's Contributions to Geometry:**

Euclid's "Elements" is a comprehensive compilation of mathematical principles and proofs. It consists of thirteen books, each focusing on a different aspect of geometry. Here are some of Euclid's major contributions to the field of geometry:

1. **Axiomatic System:** Euclid developed a rigorous axiomatic system for geometry. He started with a set of basic assumptions, called axioms or postulates, and then derived theorems and propositions based on logical reasoning. This approach formed the foundation of modern mathematics.

2. **Definitions and Terminology:** Euclid introduced precise definitions for geometric terms such as point, line, plane, angle, and circle. He also defined key concepts like congruence, similarity, and parallel lines.

3. **Proofs:** Euclid's "Elements" is renowned for its logical and rigorous proofs. He presented a step-by-step approach to proving geometric statements using deductive reasoning. Euclid's proofs were clear and concise, making them accessible to both mathematicians and non-mathematicians.

4. **Geometric Constructions:** Euclid provided instructions for constructing various geometric figures using only a compass and straightedge. These constructions allowed for the accurate construction of shapes and angles, laying the groundwork for practical applications of geometry.

**Legacy of Euclid:**

Euclid's work had a profound impact on the development of mathematics and geometry. His "Elements" served as the primary textbook on geometry for over two thousand years and was widely studied in ancient Greece, the Islamic world, and Europe.

Euclidean geometry, based on Euclid's principles, became the standard model of geometry for centuries. It provided a framework for understanding spatial relationships, measurement, and geometric reasoning.

Even today, Euclid's axiomatic approach and logical proofs continue to influence the study of geometry and mathematics as a whole. Euclid's contributions laid the groundwork for further advancements in geometry and established its status as a fundamental branch of mathematics.

The answer is b.
The pre-Satyajit Ray and the post-Satyajit Ray era. Ray, who was determined to be a filmmaker after attending a screening of the Italian neorealist film, Bicycle Thieves, brought in a renaissance in filmmaking. His Apu trilogy has been regarded as one of the finest films ever to be made in world cinema.

Shakuntala Devi is a well known mathematical genius and calculating prodigy from India. She has been nick named 'Human Computer' because of her extraordinary talent and skill in solving complex mathematical problems without any mechanical aid.

Three great saint composers - Thyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Shyama Sastri are known as the 'Trimurti' of Carnatic music. They were not only contemporaries during the later half of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, but were also, incredibly, born in the same town of Thiruvarur in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu.

Background:
Sushmita Sen is an Indian actress and model who won the Miss Universe title in 1994, representing India on the global stage.

Hometown:
Ms. Sushmita Sen hails from New Delhi, the capital city of India.

Explanation:
- Mumbai is a major city in India, but it is not the hometown of Sushmita Sen.
- Chandigarh is a well-known city in India, but it is not the place where Sushmita Sen is from.
- Bangalore is a prominent city in India, but it is not the hometown of Sushmita Sen.
- New Delhi, being the capital city of India, is the correct answer as it is the place where Sushmita Sen is originally from.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C. New Delhi.

Acharya Pandit Gopi Krishna Sharma, popularly known as Aachan Maharaj, was a renowned Indian classical vocalist. He was born on September 5, 1937, in the district of Almora in Uttarakhand. Aachan Maharaj was a disciple of the legendary Indian classical singer, Pandit Bhimsen Joshi.

Distinguished in Vocal Music
Aachan Maharaj has distinguished himself in the field of Vocal Music. He was a master of the Kirana Gharana, which is a style of Hindustani classical music. He was known for his mesmerizing performances and impeccable command over the ragas. His music was a perfect blend of melody, emotion, and rhythm. Aachan Maharaj was also an expert in singing bhajans and devotional music.

Contribution
Aachan Maharaj was a prolific musician and has made significant contributions to the field of Indian classical music. He has trained many disciples, who are now carrying forward his legacy. He has also performed at various national and international platforms and has received numerous awards and honors for his contribution to music. Some of the notable awards and honors include the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, the Padma Shri, and the Padma Bhushan.

Legacy
Aachan Maharaj passed away on June 29, 2018, at the age of 81. However, his legacy lives on through his music and the disciples he trained. His contribution to Indian classical music will always be remembered and cherished by the music lovers around the world.

Bold: Commonality between Kutty, Shankar, Laxman and Sudhir Dar

Bullet points:
- Kutty, Shankar, Laxman and Sudhir Dar are all famous cartoonists in India.
- They are known for their unique styles and contributions to Indian cartooning.
- Kutty, whose real name is T.S. Krishnamurthy, was a political cartoonist for The Statesman and The Indian Express.
- Shankar, whose real name is Keshav Shankar Pillai, was the founder of Shankar's Weekly, a popular magazine that featured political cartoons and commentary.
- Laxman, whose full name is R.K. Laxman, was best known for his creation of the fictional character "The Common Man," which he used to satirize Indian politics and society.
- Sudhir Dar was a cartoonist for The Hindustan Times and was known for his humorous and thought-provoking cartoons.

Conclusion:
The commonality between Kutty, Shankar, Laxman and Sudhir Dar is that they are all famous cartoonists in India and have made significant contributions to Indian cartooning.

Amjad Ali Khan is associated with the musical instrument Sarod.

The Sarod is a stringed musical instrument that is popular in classical Indian music. It is similar to a sitar, but with a shorter neck and fewer strings. The instrument is played with a pick, called a plectrum, made of coconut shell or wood.

Amjad Ali Khan is a renowned Indian classical musician and one of the leading exponents of the Sarod. He comes from a long line of musicians, with his family being associated with the instrument for several generations. He was born into the Bangash lineage of musicians, which traces its roots back to the court musicians of the Mughal emperors.

Amjad Ali Khan received his early training from his father, Haafiz Ali Khan, who was also a famous Sarod player. He further honed his skills under the guidance of his uncle, Ustad Ali Akbar Khan, who was a prominent musician and composer.

Amjad Ali Khan has contributed significantly to the promotion and popularization of Indian classical music on the global stage. He has performed at prestigious venues and music festivals around the world, mesmerizing audiences with his virtuosity and mastery over the Sarod. He has also collaborated with renowned musicians from different genres, creating fusion music that blends Indian classical with other musical traditions.

Amjad Ali Khan has received numerous accolades and awards for his contributions to music, including the Padma Vibhushan, which is the second-highest civilian award in India. He has also been honored with several international awards and honorary doctorates from prestigious institutions.

In addition to his performances and recordings, Amjad Ali Khan is also a dedicated teacher and has trained numerous students in the art of playing the Sarod. He has conducted workshops and masterclasses to impart his knowledge and expertise to aspiring musicians.

Overall, Amjad Ali Khan's association with the Sarod has not only enriched the classical music landscape but also helped in preserving and promoting the rich cultural heritage of India. His contributions to the world of music have made him a revered figure among both musicians and music enthusiasts globally.

Recipient of International Gandhi Award - Dr. Joon Lew

Introduction:
Dr. Joon Lew is a distinguished Korean doctor who has dedicated his life to eradicating leprosy. He has received numerous awards for his humanitarian efforts, including the International Gandhi Award.

Service in the Eradication of Leprosy:
Dr. Joon Lew has been working to eradicate leprosy for over three decades. He has set up clinics and hospitals in remote areas of the world, where leprosy is endemic. He has also trained local healthcare workers on how to diagnose and treat the disease. His efforts have helped to reduce the number of leprosy cases in many countries.

International Gandhi Award:
Dr. Joon Lew was awarded the International Gandhi Award in 2005 for his outstanding contribution to the eradication of leprosy. The award is given to individuals who have made significant contributions to promoting peace, non-violence, and communal harmony.

Conclusion:
Dr. Joon Lew's work in the eradication of leprosy is a shining example of the positive impact that one person can have on the world. His dedication and tireless efforts have helped to improve the lives of countless individuals and communities around the world. The International Gandhi Award is a well-deserved recognition for his humanitarian efforts.

Sanjay Dutt, a renowned Indian film actor, was held under the TADA (Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act) in 1993.

TADA:
- TADA was an anti-terrorism law enacted in India in 1985 to combat acts of terrorism and disruptive activities.
- It provided for the detention of suspects for up to 180 days without filing charges, allowed confessions made to the police to be admissible in court, and established special courts to try terrorism-related cases.
- TADA was criticized for its potential for misuse and human rights violations, as it allowed for prolonged detention without trial and weakened safeguards for the accused.

Sanjay Dutt's Involvement:
- Sanjay Dutt was arrested on April 19, 1993, in connection with the 1993 Bombay bombings, a series of coordinated bomb explosions that took place in Mumbai (formerly Bombay) on March 12, 1993.
- The bombings were carried out by a criminal syndicate with alleged connections to organized crime and were aimed at retaliating against the perceived marginalization of the Muslim community in India.
- Sanjay Dutt's involvement was primarily related to his association with some of the individuals involved in the bombings.
- He was accused of illegally possessing and destroying weapons, including an AK-56 assault rifle, which was allegedly provided to him by the masterminds behind the bombings.
- Sanjay Dutt maintained that he had acquired the weapons for self-defense due to threats during the communal tensions following the demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya in 1992.
- He was charged under various sections of the TADA, including possession of illegal firearms.

Legal Proceedings and Conviction:
- Sanjay Dutt faced a lengthy legal battle that lasted for years.
- He was initially acquitted of the more severe charges under the TADA but was found guilty of possessing illegal weapons.
- In 2006, the Supreme Court of India upheld his conviction and sentenced him to six years of imprisonment.
- Sanjay Dutt served around 18 months in jail before being released on bail in 2007.
- In 2013, the Supreme Court reduced his sentence to five years, taking into consideration the time he had already served.
- He surrendered to serve the remaining three and a half years and was released in February 2016.

Conclusion:
- Sanjay Dutt's case under the TADA was a significant event in Indian legal history and drew considerable media attention.
- His conviction highlighted the complexities of the legal system and raised debates about justice, terrorism, and the misuse of anti-terrorism laws.

Major General Rajinder Singh:
Major General Rajinder Singh was given the title of 'sparrow' due to his exceptional skills and bravery in the Indian Army. He was known for his quick and agile movements on the battlefield, similar to that of a sparrow's swift and nimble nature.

Significance of the Title:
The title 'sparrow' symbolizes Major General Rajinder Singh's agility, quick thinking, and remarkable leadership abilities. Just like a sparrow, he was able to navigate through difficult situations with ease and make strategic decisions under pressure.

Recognition in the Military:
Major General Rajinder Singh's contribution to the Indian Army was recognized through this title, showcasing his exceptional qualities as a military leader. His dedication and courage in the line of duty earned him the respect and admiration of his peers and superiors.

Legacy:
The title 'sparrow' has become synonymous with Major General Rajinder Singh's legacy in the Indian Army, serving as a reminder of his bravery and exemplary service. It is a symbol of honor and respect for his outstanding achievements in the military.
In conclusion, Major General Rajinder Singh was given the title of 'sparrow' in recognition of his exceptional skills, bravery, and leadership in the Indian Army. This title symbolizes his agility, quick thinking, and remarkable qualities as a military leader, leaving behind a lasting legacy in the annals of Indian military history.

Background:
Bismillah Khan was a renowned Indian musician who was associated with playing the Shehnai, a traditional wind instrument.

Shehnai:
- The Shehnai is a double-reed instrument commonly used in traditional Indian music, especially in weddings and religious ceremonies.
- Bismillah Khan popularized the Shehnai and brought it to the forefront of Indian classical music.

Contribution:
- Bismillah Khan's mastery of the Shehnai earned him international acclaim and recognition.
- He played a crucial role in popularizing Indian classical music globally through his performances.

Legacy:
- Bismillah Khan's contributions to Indian music were widely celebrated, and he was honored with several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award.
- Even after his passing, his legacy lives on through his timeless recordings and influence on future generations of musicians.

Pandit Vishwa Mohan Bhatt: A Musical Icon
Pandit Vishwa Mohan Bhatt is a renowned Indian musician celebrated for his exceptional skill in playing the guitar, specifically the Mohan Veena, a modified slide guitar. His innovative approach has earned him accolades, including a prestigious Grammy Award.
Grammy Award Achievement
- In 1994, he won the Grammy Award for Best World Music Album for his collaboration on "A Meeting by the River" with the legendary American guitarist Ry Cooder.
- This recognition helped elevate the status of Indian classical music on a global platform, showcasing the versatility of the guitar in Indian music.
Mastery of the Guitar
- Bhatt's mastery over the guitar is evident through his unique style that blends Indian classical music with various genres.
- The Mohan Veena, which he created, allows for a wide range of expressions and techniques, making it suitable for intricate ragas and compositions.
Influence on Music
- His work has inspired countless musicians, both in India and abroad, to explore the guitar's potential in classical music.
- Through performances and teaching, he continues to influence the next generation of musicians, ensuring the legacy of the guitar in Indian music endures.
In summary, Pandit Vishwa Mohan Bhatt’s expertise in the guitar, particularly the Mohan Veena, and his significant contributions to the world of music are what make him a celebrated figure in the realm of Indian classical music.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was known as the Iron Man of India.


Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement and played a crucial role in the integration of princely states into a unified India. He was born on October 31, 1875, in Nadiad, Gujarat, and went on to become one of the most respected leaders in India's history.


1. Indian National Congress: Patel was a key member of the Indian National Congress (INC) and actively participated in its activities. He played a significant role in shaping the party's policies and strategies during the struggle for independence.

2. Bardoli Satyagraha: One of Patel's notable achievements was leading the Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928. This nonviolent protest was against the steep increase in land revenue by the British colonial administration. Through his leadership, Patel successfully organized the farmers of Bardoli and negotiated a settlement with the authorities, resulting in a significant reduction in land taxes.

3. Integration of Princely States: After India gained independence in 1947, the country was left with numerous princely states that were not part of the British Raj. Patel was appointed as the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs in the first Indian government. He worked tirelessly to persuade the princely states to accede to the newly formed Union of India. Through skillful negotiations and diplomacy, Patel successfully integrated over 500 princely states, including Hyderabad, Junagadh, and Jammu and Kashmir, into the Indian Union. This process of integration is often referred to as the "Iron Man's Sardar Patel's Statue of Unity."

4. Role in drafting the Indian Constitution: Patel also played a significant role in the drafting of the Indian Constitution. He served as the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly's Committee on Fundamental Rights and was instrumental in shaping the fundamental rights and principles of the Indian Constitution.


Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's contributions to the Indian independence movement and the integration of princely states into India have earned him the title of the Iron Man of India. His strong leadership, determination, and unwavering commitment to the nation continue to inspire generations of Indians. In his honor, the world's tallest statue, the Statue of Unity, was erected in Gujarat, India, depicting Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Satyen Bose (22 January 1916 - 9 June 1993) was a film director from India. He has directed both Bengali and Hindi films. Among his most notable films are: Raat Aur Din, Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi, Dosti and Jagriti. Jagriti won the Filmfare Best Movie Award in 1956 and Dosti won same award in 1964.

**Jamini Roy: The Famous Painter**

Jamini Roy was a famous Indian painter. He is widely recognized for his unique style of art that combined elements of traditional Indian folk art with modern techniques. His works primarily focused on portraying the lives and culture of rural Bengal.

**Early Life and Education**

Jamini Roy was born on April 11, 1887, in Beliatore village of Bankura district in West Bengal, India. He came from a modest background, and his father was a middle-class landowner. Despite the family's limited resources, Jamini Roy showed a keen interest in art from an early age.

In 1903, he moved to Kolkata (then Calcutta) to pursue his artistic aspirations. He joined the Government School of Art, where he received formal training in Western art techniques. However, even during his formal education, he was greatly influenced by the traditional Indian art forms he encountered.

**Style and Influences**

Jamini Roy's style of painting underwent a significant transformation during his career. Initially, he followed the Western academic style, but he felt a disconnect with it and sought to find his own artistic voice. Inspired by the simplicity and vibrancy of Indian folk art, he began experimenting with a more indigenous style.

He drew inspiration from various traditional Indian art forms, including Kalighat paintings, terracotta temple sculptures, and Bengal folk art. Roy simplified his forms, utilizing bold lines and flat colors, often using natural pigments. He aimed to capture the essence of rural Bengal and the common people through his art.

**Artistic Achievements and Legacy**

Jamini Roy's unique artistic style garnered significant attention and acclaim both in India and internationally. He held numerous solo exhibitions and received accolades for his contributions to the art world. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, one of India's highest civilian awards, in 1955.

His paintings continue to be highly sought after and are displayed in prestigious galleries and museums around the world. Jamini Roy's influence on Indian art remains significant, and his style has inspired generations of artists.

**Conclusion**

Jamini Roy's contribution to the world of art as a painter is undeniable. His ability to blend traditional Indian art forms with modern techniques created a distinctive style that resonated with audiences. Today, he is remembered as one of India's most renowned painters, and his legacy lives on through his timeless artworks.

Explanation:

Yamini Krishnamurthy
Yamini Krishnamurthy is a renowned Indian classical dancer known for her contributions to the Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi dance styles. She is not an exponent of the Odissi dance style, unlike the other three danseuses mentioned in the question.

Exponents of Odissi Dance Style:
- Sanjukta Panigrahi: Sanjukta Panigrahi was a prominent Odissi dancer who played a significant role in popularizing the Odissi dance form both nationally and internationally.
- Madhavi Mudgal: Madhavi Mudgal is a highly respected Odissi dancer who has choreographed and performed numerous Odissi dance productions.
- Sonal Mansingh: Sonal Mansingh is a celebrated Odissi dancer who has been instrumental in promoting and preserving the Odissi dance tradition.
In summary, while Sanjukta Panigrahi, Madhavi Mudgal, and Sonal Mansingh are all exponents of the Odissi dance style, Yamini Krishnamurthy is known for her expertise in Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi dance forms.

Amjad Ali Khan - The Famous Sarod Player

Amjad Ali Khan is a renowned Sarod player who has made significant contributions to Indian classical music. Let's delve into his background and accomplishments.

Background
Amjad Ali Khan was born into a family of musicians in Gwalior, India. He is a sixth-generation Sarod player in his family, with his ancestors having served as court musicians in the princely states of India.

Training and Style
Amjad Ali Khan received his initial training from his father, Hafiz Ali Khan, who was also a prominent Sarod player. He later studied under various maestros to hone his skills and develop his unique style of playing the Sarod.

Contribution to Music
Amjad Ali Khan has performed extensively both in India and around the world, showcasing the beauty and intricacies of Indian classical music. He has collaborated with numerous international musicians, bridging cultural divides through music.

Awards and Recognition
Throughout his illustrious career, Amjad Ali Khan has been honored with several awards, including the Padma Vibhushan, one of India's highest civilian awards. His contributions to music have earned him a place in the hearts of music lovers worldwide.

Legacy
Amjad Ali Khan's legacy extends beyond his musical prowess. He has been instrumental in popularizing the Sarod and Indian classical music on a global scale, inspiring generations of musicians to preserve and propagate this rich cultural heritage.

In conclusion, Amjad Ali Khan's mastery of the Sarod and his dedication to promoting Indian classical music have established him as a legendary figure in the world of music.

Who is known as the 'Lady with the Lamp'?
Florence Nightingale is known as the 'Lady with the Lamp'. She earned this nickname due to her tireless efforts and compassionate care for wounded soldiers during the Crimean War. Here is a detailed explanation:
Florence Nightingale:
- Florence Nightingale was a British nurse, social reformer, and statistician born on May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy.
- She is considered the founder of modern nursing and made significant contributions to healthcare and nursing practices.
- During the Crimean War, she was appointed as the superintendent of the Female Nursing Establishment of the British military hospital in Scutari, Turkey.
- Nightingale and her team worked tirelessly to improve the unsanitary conditions and provide care for the wounded soldiers.
- She would often walk through the hospital wards at night, carrying a lamp to check on the patients, hence earning the nickname 'Lady with the Lamp'.
- Nightingale's efforts during the war helped to reduce the mortality rate and improve the overall conditions for the soldiers.
- She also played a crucial role in establishing nursing as a respectable profession for women and in advocating for healthcare reform.
- Nightingale's work laid the foundation for modern nursing education and led to significant advancements in healthcare practices.
Conclusion:
- Florence Nightingale is known as the 'Lady with the Lamp' due to her dedicated and compassionate care for wounded soldiers during the Crimean War.
- Her contributions to nursing and healthcare continue to be recognized and celebrated globally.

Pandit K. G. Ginde was a prominent figure in the field of music. He made significant contributions to the world of Indian classical music, particularly in the area of vocal music.

- Pandit K. G. Ginde was a renowned vocalist and musicologist. He was born on July 1, 1928, and passed away on October 3, 1994. He belonged to the Gwalior gharana, which is one of the oldest and most prestigious schools of North Indian classical music. Ginde received his early training in music from his father, Shri Ganesh Ginde, who was also a well-known musician.

- Ginde's deep understanding of music and his mastery over various vocal techniques earned him recognition as one of the leading musicians of his time. He was known for his powerful and emotive renditions, which showcased his command over melody, rhythm, and improvisation. He had a unique ability to infuse life into every composition he performed, making each rendition a memorable experience for the listeners.

- Apart from being a performer, Ginde was also a dedicated music educator. He served as a professor of music at the SNDT Women's University in Mumbai, where he trained several talented students who went on to become successful musicians in their own right. Ginde's teaching methodology emphasized the importance of developing a strong foundation in the fundamentals of music, as well as the cultivation of artistic expression and creativity.

- Ginde's contributions to the field of music extended beyond his performances and teaching. He was a prolific composer and has composed several bandishes (compositions) in different ragas. His compositions are known for their melodic beauty and intricate rhythmic patterns.

- In addition to his musical pursuits, Ginde was also actively involved in music research and scholarship. He authored several books on music theory and contributed articles to various music journals. His research work focused on topics such as raga theory, aesthetics of Indian classical music, and the historical development of different gharanas.

Overall, Pandit K. G. Ginde's contributions in the field of music, as a performer, teacher, composer, and scholar, have left a lasting impact on the world of Indian classical music. His dedication and passion for music continue to inspire generations of musicians and music lovers.

Committee on 'Computerisation' in Indian Banks (1988)

C. Rangarajan
- C. Rangarajan headed the committee on 'computerisation' in Indian Banks in 1988.
- The committee was set up to explore the possibilities and benefits of computerization in the banking sector.
- The aim was to modernize banking operations, enhance efficiency, and improve customer service through the use of technology.
- C. Rangarajan, a renowned economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, brought his expertise to the committee's work.
- The recommendations of the committee played a crucial role in shaping the future of banking in India by promoting the adoption of computerization and digital technologies.

Significance of the Committee
- The committee's report paved the way for the widespread adoption of computerization in Indian banks.
- It laid the foundation for the automation of various banking processes such as account management, transactions, and customer service.
- The implementation of computerization revolutionized the banking sector in India, leading to significant improvements in operational efficiency and customer experience.
- The committee's recommendations helped Indian banks stay competitive in the rapidly evolving financial landscape by embracing technology.

Legacy of the Committee's Work
- The committee on 'computerisation' in Indian Banks, headed by C. Rangarajan, marked a significant milestone in the history of banking in India.
- It demonstrated the importance of leveraging technology to drive innovation and growth in the financial sector.
- The legacy of the committee's work continues to influence the digital transformation of Indian banks, as they strive to meet the evolving needs of customers in the digital age.

Expedition undertaken by Ms. Bachendri Pal

Ms. Bachendri Pal is a renowned Indian mountaineer who became the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest in 1984. In 1993, she undertook a unique expedition to focus attention on the spirit of adventure.

Focus of the Expedition

The focus of the expedition led by Ms. Bachendri Pal was to promote the spirit of adventure among the youth of the country. She believed that adventure sports could play an important role in developing the personality of the youth, and instilling in them a sense of confidence, resilience, and perseverance.

Importance of Adventure Sports

Adventure sports such as mountaineering, trekking, rock climbing, and other outdoor activities require a great deal of physical and mental strength, as well as discipline and determination. Participating in such activities can help young people develop these qualities, and also learn to work as a team, communicate effectively, and overcome challenges.

Promoting the Spirit of Adventure

Ms. Bachendri Pal's expedition was aimed at promoting the spirit of adventure among the youth of the country, and encouraging them to take up adventure sports. The expedition also aimed to highlight the importance of adventure sports in building a strong and resilient nation.

Conclusion

Overall, Ms. Bachendri Pal's expedition was a unique and inspiring initiative aimed at promoting the spirit of adventure and instilling in young people a sense of confidence, resilience, and perseverance.

C

Pandit Jasraj's Reputation in the Fields:
- Music: Pandit Jasraj is primarily known for his contributions to the field of music. He is a renowned classical vocalist and has achieved great success and recognition in Indian classical music.
- Literature: Although Pandit Jasraj is not known for his literary works, his music and performances have been celebrated and appreciated as a form of artistic expression and storytelling.
- Sanskrit: Pandit Jasraj has a deep understanding and knowledge of Sanskrit, which is reflected in his musical renditions. He has often incorporated Sanskrit verses and compositions in his performances, showcasing his expertise in the language.
- Dance: While Pandit Jasraj is not primarily known for his contributions to dance, his music has often been used in dance performances, particularly in the classical dance forms of India. His compositions and vocal style have provided a beautiful backdrop and inspiration for dancers.
Overall, Pandit Jasraj has established his reputation primarily in the field of music, particularly in Indian classical music. His mastery over vocals, his unique style, and his contributions to the art form have made him a revered figure in the music industry.

Professor Malcolm Adiseshaih's Worldwide Distinction in Economics
Professor Malcolm Adiseshaih has earned worldwide distinction in the field of economics.

Contributions to Economics
- Professor Adiseshaih has made significant contributions to economic theory and policy, particularly in the areas of development economics and international trade.
- His research has been widely cited and has had a profound impact on the field.

Recognition and Awards
- Professor Adiseshaih has received numerous awards and honors for his work in economics, including prestigious academic awards and fellowships.
- His research has been recognized by leading institutions and organizations in the field of economics.

Global Influence
- Professor Adiseshaih's work has had a global influence, shaping economic policies and strategies in various countries around the world.
- His research has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of key economic issues and challenges.

Teaching and Mentorship
- In addition to his research contributions, Professor Adiseshaih is also known for his excellence in teaching and mentorship.
- He has inspired and guided numerous students and young researchers in the field of economics.
In conclusion, Professor Malcolm Adiseshaih has achieved worldwide distinction in the field of economics through his groundbreaking research, global influence, and dedication to teaching and mentorship.

The correct answer is option 'A', Sarada Ukil. Sarada Ukil was an eminent Indian painter who was known for his realistic and detailed style of painting.

- Sarada Ukil: Sarada Ukil was an Indian painter who was born in 1888 in Bengal. He belonged to the Ukil family, which was a renowned family of artists. Sarada Ukil was known for his realistic and detailed style of painting. He was particularly skilled in portraiture and his paintings often depicted everyday life and ordinary people. His works were characterized by their meticulous attention to detail and the use of vibrant colors. Sarada Ukil was also a pioneer in the field of art education in India and played a significant role in the establishment of the Indian Society of Oriental Art.

- Uday Shankar: Uday Shankar was an Indian dancer and choreographer who is widely regarded as the father of modern Indian dance. He was born in 1900 in Udaipur, Rajasthan. Uday Shankar was known for his innovative approach to dance and his fusion of Indian classical dance forms with Western techniques. He founded the Uday Shankar India Culture Centre in Almora, Uttarakhand, which became a hub for the promotion and preservation of Indian dance and culture.

- V. Shantaram: V. Shantaram was an Indian filmmaker and actor who was born in 1901 in Kolhapur, Maharashtra. He was a prominent figure in the Indian film industry and is considered one of the pioneers of Indian cinema. V. Shantaram was known for his socially relevant and progressive films that addressed issues such as poverty, injustice, and discrimination. He founded the Prabhat Film Company and later established his own production company, Rajkamal Kalamandir. V. Shantaram's films often had a strong message and were known for their technical excellence.

- Meherally: There is no information available about an eminent painter named Meherally. It is possible that this name may be a misspelling or a lesser-known artist.

In conclusion, Sarada Ukil was an eminent painter known for his realistic and detailed style of painting. He was particularly skilled in portraiture and his works depicted everyday life and ordinary people. His contributions to the field of art education and the establishment of the Indian Society of Oriental Art were also significant.

Girilal Jain - Noted Figure in Journalism
- Girilal Jain was a prominent figure in the field of journalism.
- He was born on 22nd November 1922 in Rajasthan, India and passed away on 19th July 1993.
- Jain was the Editor-in-Chief of the well-known Indian newspaper The Times of India from 1978 to 1988.
- His tenure as the editor witnessed significant changes and innovations in the newspaper industry.
- Jain was known for his bold and opinionated editorials that reflected his conservative ideology.
- He had a unique writing style that made his editorials thought-provoking and influential.
- Jain's editorials often focused on political and social issues, offering a unique perspective on national and international events.
- He was considered a controversial figure due to his conservative viewpoints, which sometimes drew criticism from various quarters.
- Despite the controversies, Girilal Jain was highly respected for his contribution to the field of journalism and his commitment to free speech and independent media.
- He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Indian government in 1989 for his exceptional service in the field of journalism.
- Girilal Jain's legacy as a prominent journalist continues to inspire aspiring journalists and shape the discourse in Indian media.

Naina Devi's Association with the Field of Vocal Music
Naina Devi was a renowned Indian vocalist and musician who made significant contributions to the field of vocal music. Here is a detailed explanation of her association with the field:
Early Life and Training
- Naina Devi was born in the year 1917 in the princely state of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
- She belonged to a family of musicians and received early training in classical music.
Expertise in Vocal Music
- Naina Devi specialized in various forms of Indian classical music, including Hindustani classical music.
- She had a melodious voice and was known for her exceptional command over different ragas and taals.
- Her renditions were marked by soulful expressions, intricate improvisations, and a deep understanding of the musical nuances.
Contribution to the Field
- Naina Devi performed extensively in India and abroad, mesmerizing audiences with her enchanting voice and musical prowess.
- She recorded several albums and collaborated with renowned musicians, further popularizing Indian classical music.
- Naina Devi also played a significant role in promoting and preserving the rich cultural heritage of Indian music.
Awards and Recognition
- Naina Devi received numerous accolades for her outstanding contributions to vocal music.
- She was honored with prestigious awards such as the Padma Shri and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.
Legacy
- Naina Devi's legacy continues to inspire aspiring vocalists and musicians, who strive to emulate her artistry and dedication.
- Her recordings and performances serve as a valuable resource for those interested in studying and understanding Indian classical music.
In conclusion, Naina Devi's association with the field of vocal music was a significant one, as she was a highly accomplished Indian vocalist who left an indelible mark on the world of music. Her talent, expertise, and contributions continue to be celebrated and cherished by music lovers worldwide.

Explanation:
To determine the answer to this question, we need to analyze each option and identify the individuals who are dramatists.
A: Girish R. Karnad
- Girish R. Karnad is an Indian playwright, actor, and film director. He is known for his contributions to Indian theater and has written numerous plays.
B: Badal Sircar
- Badal Sircar was an Indian playwright and theater director. He is considered one of the leading figures in Indian theater and is known for his unique style of theater.
C: Jayanta Mahapatra
- Jayanta Mahapatra is not a dramatist. He is an Indian poet who writes in English. Mahapatra is known for his poignant and introspective poems.
D: Vijay Tendulkar
- Vijay Tendulkar was a renowned Indian playwright and screenwriter. He is considered one of the most influential figures in Indian theater and has written several critically acclaimed plays.
Based on the information above, we can conclude that Jayanta Mahapatra is not a dramatist.

R. K. Laxman is a renowned Cartoonist.
Explanation:
- R. K. Laxman is widely known and recognized for his contributions as a cartoonist.
- He was born on October 24, 1921, in Mysore, India, and passed away on January 26, 2015.
- Laxman's most famous creation is the character "The Common Man," which he depicted in his cartoons.
- His cartoons were primarily published in the newspaper "The Times of India" and were known for their satirical and humorous commentary on Indian politics and society.
- Laxman's cartoons often highlighted the struggles and frustrations of the average Indian citizen, making him a beloved figure in the country.
- His unique artistic style and ability to capture the essence of everyday life in his cartoons earned him numerous accolades and awards throughout his career.
- Laxman's cartoons continue to be celebrated and remembered for their social and political relevance.
- His work has left a lasting impact on the field of cartooning in India and has inspired generations of cartoonists.
- R. K. Laxman's contribution to the world of cartooning has made him a legendary figure in Indian art and journalism.

Pierre Cardin is primarily associated with the field of fashion designing. He is a renowned fashion designer who has made significant contributions to the industry and has left a lasting impact on the world of fashion.

Fashion Designing
- Pierre Cardin is best known for his innovative and futuristic designs that revolutionized the fashion industry in the 1960s. He introduced unconventional shapes, geometric patterns, and bold colors in his creations, which were unique and ahead of their time.
- He is credited with popularizing the "bubble dress" and the "space age" fashion trend, which incorporated modern and futuristic elements into clothing designs.
- Cardin's designs were not only limited to clothing but also extended to accessories, furniture, and even automobiles. He believed in the concept of "licensing," where his brand name was used on various products beyond just fashion, making him one of the first designers to venture into lifestyle branding.
- His avant-garde approach to fashion and his willingness to experiment with different materials and silhouettes earned him international recognition and a loyal following.
- Cardin's designs have been worn by numerous celebrities and public figures, further cementing his status as a prominent figure in the fashion industry.
- He also played a significant role in popularizing high fashion in the mass market by introducing ready-to-wear collections, making his designs more accessible to a wider audience.
- Throughout his career, Cardin has received numerous awards and accolades for his contributions to the fashion world, including the prestigious Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000.
- Even though Cardin is now in his nineties, his brand continues to thrive, and his legacy as a visionary fashion designer remains intact.

In conclusion, Pierre Cardin is associated with the field of fashion designing due to his groundbreaking and influential contributions to the industry. His innovative designs, futuristic approach, and willingness to explore new avenues have earned him a prominent place in the fashion world.

Background:
Graham Greene was a renowned English writer who is best known for his novels, plays, and short stories.

Literature:
- Greene was primarily associated with the field of literature.
- He wrote numerous critically acclaimed works such as "The Power and the Glory," "The End of the Affair," and "The Quiet American."
- His writing often explored moral and political issues, making him a prominent figure in 20th-century literature.

Legacy:
- Greene's works continue to be studied and appreciated for their depth, complexity, and insight into the human condition.
- He has left a lasting impact on the literary world and inspired many writers with his storytelling prowess.

The detailed solution for the question is as follows:
- In 1982, a scientific group was formed to undertake an expedition to Antarctica.
- The group was led by Dr. S.Z. Kasim, who was a prominent scientist and researcher.
- Dr. Kasim was chosen to head the expedition due to his expertise and experience in the field of polar research.
- The purpose of the expedition was to conduct scientific research and collect data on various aspects of Antarctica, including its geology, climate, and wildlife.
- The group consisted of a team of scientists, researchers, and support staff who were selected based on their qualifications and skills.
- They were equipped with specialized equipment and supplies necessary for their research and survival in the harsh Antarctic environment.
- The expedition lasted for several months, during which the team successfully conducted their research and collected valuable data.
- The findings from the expedition contributed to the scientific understanding of Antarctica and its importance in global ecosystems.
- Dr. S.Z. Kasim's leadership and the efforts of the entire scientific group were instrumental in the success of the expedition.

The creator of the Rock Garden in Chandigarh is Nek Chand.
The Rock Garden in Chandigarh is a famous sculpture garden that was created by Nek Chand, a self-taught artist and government official. Here is a detailed explanation of the creator and his work:
Nek Chand
- Nek Chand was born in 1924 in Shakargarh, Punjab, which is now part of Pakistan.
- He moved to Chandigarh in 1947 after the partition of India and Pakistan.
- Nek Chand worked as a roads inspector for the Public Works Department of the Chandigarh administration.
- In his spare time, he started collecting and recycling materials from demolition sites and waste materials from the city.
- He secretly started building his own garden with these materials in a secluded forest area.
- Over the years, Nek Chand transformed the forest into a magnificent sculpture garden.
The Rock Garden
- The Rock Garden covers an area of about 40 acres and is located near Sukhna Lake in Chandigarh.
- It is made entirely out of recycled materials such as broken ceramics, industrial waste, and discarded household items.
- The garden is divided into several sections, each showcasing different themes and sculptures.
- The sculptures depict various animals, humans, and imaginary creatures.
- Nek Chand's creativity and artistic vision are evident in the intricate details and unique designs of the sculptures.
- The Rock Garden attracts thousands of visitors from around the world and is now considered a landmark in Chandigarh.
Recognition and Legacy
- Initially, Nek Chand's creation was considered illegal, as he did not have permission to build the garden.
- However, once his work was discovered by the authorities in 1975, it gained recognition and support.
- The garden was officially inaugurated in 1976 and has since become a popular tourist attraction.
- Nek Chand received numerous awards and honors for his contribution to art and culture.
- He passed away in 2015, but his legacy lives on through the Rock Garden.
Overall, Nek Chand's Rock Garden in Chandigarh is a testament to his artistic talent, dedication, and passion for creating something beautiful out of discarded materials.

Hitendra Desai was famous in the field of Politics.
Explanation:
- Hitendra Desai was a well-known figure in the field of Politics.
- He was an Indian politician who served as the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 1971 to 1972.
- Desai was associated with the Indian National Congress party.
- During his tenure as Chief Minister, he implemented several developmental projects and initiatives in Gujarat.
- Desai played a crucial role in the political landscape of Gujarat during his time in office.
- He was known for his leadership skills and his ability to connect with the masses.
- Desai's contributions to the field of politics have left a lasting impact on the state of Gujarat.
- His work and achievements in politics have made him a prominent figure in Indian political history.

Associated Fields:
- A: Sports
Detailed Explanation:
- Limba Ram is associated with the field of sports.
- He is a former Indian archer who has represented India in several international competitions.
- Limba Ram has won several medals and accolades in archery, including the Arjuna Award, which is a prestigious sports award in India.
- He has represented India in the Olympics and has been a prominent figure in the Indian archery scene.
- Limba Ram has contributed significantly to the development of archery in India and has inspired many aspiring archers with his achievements.
- His dedication and skills in the sport have made him a respected figure in the field of sports.

A. Nageshwara Rao is associated with the field of Motion Pictures.

Explanation:
A. Nageshwara Rao was an Indian film actor and producer who worked in Telugu cinema. He was born on September 20, 1924, in Gudivada, Andhra Pradesh. He acted in more than 250 films in his career spanning over five decades. He was one of the most prominent actors in Telugu cinema during the 1950s and 1960s. He was also a producer and established the Annapurna Studios in Hyderabad in 1975. The studio has produced many successful films in Telugu cinema. A. Nageshwara Rao received many awards for his contribution to the Indian film industry, including the Padma Shri and the Padma Vibhushan. He passed away on January 22, 2014, at the age of 89.

Dr. M. S. Swaminathan has distinguished himself in the field of agriculture. He is widely regarded as the "Father of the Green Revolution" in India and has made significant contributions to agricultural science and research.

**Green Revolution and Agricultural Contributions**

Dr. Swaminathan played a pivotal role in the development and implementation of agricultural practices that led to increased food production in India. His research focused on improving crop yields through the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds, modern farming techniques, and the application of fertilizers and irrigation. These efforts helped to alleviate food shortages and improve food security in the country.

**Plant Breeding and Genetics**

One of Dr. Swaminathan's major contributions to agriculture is in the field of plant breeding and genetics. He worked extensively on developing improved varieties of wheat and rice, which are staple crops in India. Through his research, he successfully developed high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties of these crops, which significantly increased agricultural productivity and helped in feeding the growing population.

**Advocacy for Sustainable Agriculture**

Dr. Swaminathan has been a strong advocate for sustainable agriculture and the conservation of natural resources. He has emphasized the importance of preserving biodiversity, promoting organic farming practices, and reducing the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. His efforts have focused on achieving a balance between agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability.

**International Recognition**

Dr. Swaminathan's contributions to agriculture have been widely recognized both in India and internationally. He has received numerous awards and honors, including the World Food Prize, the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, and the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament, and Development.

**Conclusion**

Dr. M. S. Swaminathan's distinguished work in the field of agriculture, particularly in the area of the Green Revolution, has had a transformative impact on Indian agriculture and food security. His research, advocacy, and leadership have made him a prominent figure in the field, and his contributions continue to be highly regarded globally.

Amartya Sen is a Nobel laureate who has made significant contributions to the field of economics. He is an Indian economist and philosopher who is famous for his work on welfare economics, social choice theory, and development economics.

Early Life and Education
Amartya Sen was born in Santiniketan, India, in 1933. He attended Presidency College, Calcutta, where he earned a Bachelor's degree in Economics. He later went on to study at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he received a PhD in Economics.

Contributions to Economics
Sen's contributions to economics are numerous and far-reaching. His work has focused on issues related to poverty, inequality, social welfare, and development. Some of his most significant contributions include:

- Development as Freedom: In his book Development as Freedom, Sen argues that development should be seen as a process of expanding people's capabilities and freedoms rather than simply increasing economic output.

- Social Choice Theory: Sen's work on social choice theory has helped to shape our understanding of how collective decisions are made.

- Welfare Economics: Sen has made significant contributions to the field of welfare economics, particularly in the areas of poverty measurement and social welfare.

Awards and Honors
Amartya Sen has received numerous awards and honors for his work in economics, including:

- Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1998)
- Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award (1999)
- Lifetime Achievement Award from the Indian Chamber of Commerce (2010)

Conclusion
In conclusion, Amartya Sen is a renowned economist who has made significant contributions to the field of economics. His work has focused on issues related to poverty, inequality, social welfare, and development. He has received numerous awards and honors for his work, including the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

Indian Cotton merchant, Banker, Congressman, a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi

G. D. Birla fits with this description.

Heading: G. D. Birla - Indian Cotton merchant, Banker, Congressman

Ghanshyam Das Birla, popularly known as G. D. Birla, was an Indian entrepreneur who was born on 10th April 1894 in Pilani, Rajasthan. He was a prominent industrialist, philanthropist, and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi.

Birla started his career as a cotton trader and later expanded his business into various sectors such as cement, chemicals, textiles, and more. He was known for his integrity and business acumen, which helped him to establish a successful business empire.

Heading: Close associate of Mahatma Gandhi

G. D. Birla was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. He was a member of the Indian National Congress and supported Gandhi's non-cooperation movement against the British rule.

Birla was also a member of the Constituent Assembly of India and played a vital role in shaping the Indian constitution. He was a patron of various educational institutions and helped in the establishment of several schools and colleges across India.

Heading: Conclusion

In conclusion, G. D. Birla was an eminent Indian entrepreneur, banker, and politician who played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. His contribution to the Indian economy and society is immense, and he will always be remembered as a visionary leader who worked tirelessly for the betterment of his country and people.