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All questions of Introduction to JS for Software Development Exam

What will be the output of the following code snippet?
var x = 10;
function foo() {
  console.log(x);
  if (false) {
    var x = 20;
  }
}
foo();
  • a)
    10
  • b)
    20
  • c)
    undefined
  • d)
    ReferenceError
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

KnowIT answered
The 'var' declaration inside the if block is hoisted to the top of the function scope. However, since the condition is always false, the assignment 'var x = 20' is never executed. The output is 10.

What will be the output of the following code snippet?
console.log(2 + "2");
  • a)
    22
  • b)
    4
  • c)
    2 + "2"
  • d)
    2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The + operator, when one operand is a string, performs string concatenation. Therefore, "2" is treated as a string, and the result is "22".

What is the output of the following JavaScript code?
 
var x = 5;
function update() {
  x = 10;
}
update();
console.log(x);
  • a)
    5
  • b)
    10
  • c)
    Error
  • d)
    Undefined
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Tanuj Arora answered
The update() function modifies the global variable x by assigning it a new value of 10. The console.log() statement outputs the updated value.

What is the output of the following JavaScript code?
var x = [1, 2, 3];
x.push(4);
console.log(x.length);
  • a)
    1
  • b)
    2
  • c)
    3
  • d)
    4
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Tanuj Arora answered
The push() method is used to add elements to the end of an array. In this case, it adds the number 4 to the array, resulting in a length of 4.

What will be the output of the following code snippet?
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  setTimeout(function() {
    console.log(i);
  }, 1000);
}
  • a)
    0, 1, 2
  • b)
    3, 3, 3
  • c)
    1, 2, 3
  • d)
    0, 0, 0
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Qudrat Chauhan answered
The 'setTimeout' function is asynchronous. By the time the 'console.log(i)' is executed, the loop has already completed, and the value of 'i' is 3. Therefore, the output is 0, 1, 2.

What will be the output of the following code snippet?
var x = 10;
function foo() {
  console.log(x);
  var x = 20;
}
foo();
  • a)
    10
  • b)
    20
  • c)
    undefined
  • d)
    ReferenceError
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Qudrat Chauhan answered
Variable hoisting causes the declaration of 'var x' inside the function to be hoisted to the top. However, it is initialized with the value 'undefined' before the assignment. Therefore, the output is 'undefined'.

What will be the output of the following code snippet?
let x = 10;
{
  console.log(x);
  let x = 20;
}
  • a)
    10
  • b)
    20
  • c)
    undefined
  • d)
    ReferenceError
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Hridoy Ghoshal answered


Explanation:

Variable Scope:
- When a variable is declared using the `let` keyword, it is block-scoped.
- In the given code snippet, there is a variable `x` declared outside the block and another `x` declared inside the block.

Hoisting:
- Variables declared with `let` are hoisted to the top of their block but are not initialized.
- In the code snippet, the variable `x` inside the block is hoisted to the top of the block but not initialized.

Output:
- When the `console.log(x)` statement is executed, it refers to the `x` variable declared inside the block which is not initialized yet.
- This results in a `ReferenceError` because the `x` variable inside the block is in the temporal dead zone until it is initialized.

Therefore, the output of the given code snippet will be a ReferenceError.

What will be the output of the following code snippet?
let x = 1;
function foo() {
  console.log(x);
  let x = 2;
}
foo();
  • a)
    1
  • b)
    2
  • c)
    undefined
  • d)
    ReferenceError
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

KnowIT answered
The variable 'x' is declared using 'let' inside the function 'foo'. The 'console.log(x)' line tries to access 'x' before it is declared, resulting in a ReferenceError.

What will be the output of the following code snippet?
let x = 5;
(function() {
  console.log(x);
  let x = 10;
})();
  • a)
    5
  • b)
    10
  • c)
    undefined
  • d)
    ReferenceError
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

KnowIT answered
The variable 'x' is declared using 'let' inside the immediately-invoked function expression (IIFE). Since 'let' has block scope, the declaration of 'x' inside the function creates a new variable that is not accessible before the declaration.

What will be the output of the following code snippet?
let x = 1;
{
  let x = 2;
  {
    console.log(x);
    let x = 3;
  }
}
  • a)
    1
  • b)
    2
  • c)
    3
  • d)
    ReferenceError
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

KnowIT answered
The 'console.log(x)' line tries to access 'x' before it is declared inside the inner block. Since 'let' has block scope, the declaration of 'x' inside the inner block shadows the outer 'x' variable, and it is not accessible before its declaration.

What is the output of the following JavaScript code?
var x = 10;
var y = 5;
console.log(x += y);
  • a)
    10
  • b)
    15
  • c)
    5
  • d)
    Error
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Tanuj Arora answered
The += operator is used for addition and assignment. It adds the value of y to x and assigns the result back to x, resulting in x being 15.

What is the output of the following JavaScript code?
var x = "Hello";
console.log(x.length);
  • a)
    5
  • b)
    6
  • c)
    1
  • d)
    Error
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Tanuj Arora answered
The length property is used to determine the number of characters in a string. In this case, the string "Hello" has a length of 5.

What will be the output of the following code snippet?
console.log("2" - 1);
  • a)
    1
  • b)
    2
  • c)
    "2" - 1
  • d)
    "2" - "1"
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The - operator performs arithmetic subtraction. In this case, the string "2" is converted to the number 2, and the result is 2 - 1 = 1.

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