All questions of International Organisations for Humanities/Arts Exam

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It's B, it's showing the military power of US that if UN will nt work according to US than it can use its military power for its dominance

The role of international organizations is helping to set the international agenda, mediating political bargaining, providing a place for political initiatives and acting as catalysts for the coalition- formation. They facilitate cooperation and coordination among member nations.

India joined the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) as a non-permanent member on January 4, beginning a tenure of two years. But New Delhi hopes that this time its presence in the UNSC will help move the organization towards the ultimate reform: a permanent seat on the UNSC for India.

Activities of the Security Council have greatly expanded in the past few years. The success of Security Council's actions depends upon political support of the international community. Any package for restructuring of the Security Council should, therefore, be broad-based.

IMF Membership Overview
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a key global financial institution that plays a significant role in the regulation and oversight of financial systems around the world. As of April 12, 2016, the IMF had a total of 189 member countries.
Understanding the Membership Count
- The membership count is a crucial statistic for understanding the IMF's global influence.
- The figure of 189 members indicates the broad international support and participation in the IMF framework.
- This number signifies the inclusion of various countries, from developed to developing nations, which reflects the IMF's mission to promote global economic stability.
Why Option 'B' is Correct
- The question specifically asks for the number of member countries as of April 2016.
- The paragraph explicitly states: "The IMF has 189 member countries (as on 12 April 2016)."
- This clear statement directly confirms that option 'B' (189) is the accurate answer.
Significance of IMF Membership
- Each member country has a share in the IMF, which affects its voting power and influence in decision-making.
- The diverse membership enhances the IMF's ability to address global economic issues collaboratively.
- Understanding the membership structure is essential for analyzing the IMF's role in international finance and economic policy-making.
In summary, the correct answer is option 'B' because the text clearly states the IMF had 189 member countries as of the specified date. This reflects the organization's global reach and impact on international financial systems.

The UN accomplishes this by working to prevent conflict, helping parties in conflict make peace, deploying peacekeepers, and creating the conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish. The UN Security Council has the primary responsibility for international peace and security.

The United States of America is a charter member of the United Nations and one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council. On matters of international peace and security, the UN’s role has been central to several top U.S. foreign policy priorities. UN peacekeepers help prevent conflict and protect civilians around the globe, at a fraction of the cost of sending U.S. troops.

India desires to be a permanent member of the UN Security Council but many countries question the issue of India’s inclusion as a permanent member. It is not just Pakistan which is opposing India’s permanent membership, other countries are also questioning it on the basis of India’s nuclear weapons capability.

India has said that the U.N. Security Council is finding itself unable to act effectively to address increasingly complex issues of international peace and security as it lacked inclusivity of those who need to be members of the powerful organ of the world body.

There is no such clause in UN that allows US to undermine UN. But we have seen in the past that US has been dominating UN, e.g., US attack on Iraq, 2003.

Assertion and Reason:


Assertion: International organizations only solve the disputes among the countries.


Reason: International organizations are helpful in another way. Nations can usually see that there are some things they must do together. There are issues that are so challenging that they can only be dealt with when everyone works together. Disease is an example.

Explanation:


The given Assertion states that international organizations only solve disputes among countries. The Reason provided suggests that international organizations are helpful in other ways as well, such as addressing issues that require collective action. Disease is given as an example of such an issue.

Analysis:


To evaluate the Assertion and Reason, we need to examine whether they are both true or false, and whether the Reason is a correct explanation for the Assertion.

Assertion Evaluation:


International organizations do not solely exist to solve disputes among countries. While dispute resolution is one aspect of their work, international organizations also play a crucial role in promoting cooperation, addressing global challenges, and facilitating collaboration on various issues such as climate change, human rights, public health, and sustainable development. Therefore, the Assertion is false.

Reason Evaluation:


The Reason provided is true. International organizations recognize that some issues require collective action because they transcend national boundaries and cannot be effectively addressed by individual countries alone. Disease control and prevention is an example where international cooperation and coordination are essential to combat global health threats. Therefore, the Reason is true.

Explanation of Correct Answer:


The correct answer is option 'D' - (A) is false, but (R) is true. This is because the Assertion is false as international organizations have a broader role beyond just dispute resolution, while the Reason is true as it correctly highlights the importance of international cooperation in dealing with challenging issues like disease control. The Reason provides additional context to support the broader role of international organizations.

After witnessing the devastating effects of the war, countries of the world were in favour of building an organization which can negotiate in the disputes and find alternative ways to resolve the issues. UN is the result of such efforts.

The history of United States of America (USA) and the United Nations (UN) is long and complex. The United Nations owes a lot of what it is today to the US. It was the US that breathed life into the UN with its power and resources. ... Despite that, the UN does hold an important position in US foreign policy.

The role of international organizations is helping to set the international agenda, mediating political bargaining, providing a place for political initiatives and acting as catalysts for the coalition-formation.

Because of the relatively large size of the Canadian economy and its openness to international trade, Canada’s Governor holds a sizeable 2.22 per cent voting share at the IMF, making Canada the 11th largest member over the reporting period.

Although the United States continues to play a leadership role at the UN, it has also accumulated massive arrears in its payments to the UN, owing the world organization approximately $1 billion, far more than any other member state.

The end of the Second World War did not signal a return to normality; on the contrary, it resulted in a new conflict. The major European powers that had been at the forefront of the international stage in the 1930s were left exhausted and ruined by the war, setting the scene for the emergence of two new global superpowers. Two blocs developed around the Soviet Union and the United States, with other countries being forced to choose between the two camps.

It is usual to distinguish between three main types of “international organization”, namely: inter-governmental organizations, international non-governmental organizations, and multinational enterprises.

The United States of America is a North American nation that is the world’s most dominant economic and military power. Likewise, its cultural imprint spans the world, led in large part by its popular culture expressed in music, movies and television.

Founded in 1944, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development— soon called the World Bank—has expanded to a closely associated group of five development institutions. Originally, its loans helped rebuild countries devastated by World War II.

Suffering or death caused by lack of food.

After the Cold War ended, there was a rapid increase in the number of peacekeeping operations. With a new consensus and a common sense of purpose, the Security Council authorized a total of 20 new operations between 1989 and 1994, raising the number of peacekeepers from 11,000 to 75,000.

Critics of the World Bank argue that structural adjustment loans are a mechanism of forcing free market economics on countries through coercion. Countries with a debt crisis, whatever their other characteristics, agree to the bank’s package of legal and economic reforms, and the bank agrees to lend them money.

This is taking about Darfur (Sudan) crisis since 2003.
this crisis created humanitarian issue political, social, economic and environmental problems. Thousands of people were died and millions were affected in this crisis. International NGOs only debates, but they did not send any type of aids to the people of Darfur!

Understanding the Assertion and Reason
The given statements consist of an Assertion (A) and a Reason (R), which reflect on the role of the United Nations (UN) in relation to the United States (US).
Assertion (A)
- The statement that "The UN is not a great balance to the US" implies a belief that the UN lacks the capacity or authority to effectively counterbalance US influence in global politics.
Reason (R)
- The statement that "The UN can and has served to bring the US and the rest of the world into discussions over various issues" highlights the UN's role as a platform for dialogue and negotiation, suggesting that it facilitates international discussions, including those involving the US.
Analysis of the Correct Answer (Option B)
- Both statements (A) and (R) are true:
- The UN indeed struggles at times to serve as a counterbalance to the US, particularly given the US's significant political, military, and economic power.
- However, the UN plays a crucial role in fostering dialogue and collaboration on a global scale, which includes US participation.
- The reason (R) does not explain why the UN is not a great balance to the US:
- While R elucidates the UN’s role in promoting discussion, it does not address the assertion’s claim about the balance of power.
Conclusion
- Therefore, the correct choice is that both A and R are true, but R does not serve as the correct explanation of A, making option B the appropriate answer.

Darfur, the western region of Sudan, has been in a state of humanitarian crisis since 2003. The current conflict in Darfur is complex, caused by a host of political, social, economic and environmental problems. Hundreds of thousands of people have died and more than 8.5 million people are affected by the crisis.

Traditionally there have been two central theories of IR: liberalism and realism. Although they have come under great challenge from other theories, they remain central to the discipline. At its height, liberalism in IR was referred to as a ‘utopian’ theory and is still recognised as such to some degree today.

Conflict between pastoralists and sedentary farmers, caused in part by environmental pressures and changing land ownership patterns, was an important cause of the Darfur violence.