All questions of India - Physical Environment for UPSC CSE Exam

Uttarakhand

The Ganges flows throughout the country from the North to the south, the different tributaries of the ganges in the north are Gomti, Ghaghara, the Gandak, Kosi river , the Mahananda and the tributaries of Ganga in the south are Chambal, son, betwa.
(Son is it's major right bank tributary).
So, in my opinion answer should be ghaghara.
Source:-Given in NCERT too.

Height of Bamboo Growth

Bamboos are one of the fastest-growing plants in the world, and they have a wide range of uses. They are grown mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. The height of bamboo growth depends on various factors like species, climate, soil, and sunlight.

Low Height from Sea Level

The correct answer to the given question is option 'C,' i.e., a very low height from sea level. Bamboos are mostly found in lowland areas, and they grow best in warm and humid conditions. Most of the bamboo species grow well at an elevation of 500 meters or less from sea level, and they prefer well-drained soils with a high content of organic matter.

Tropical and Subtropical Regions

Bamboos are commonly grown in tropical and subtropical regions, including Asia, Africa, South America, and Australia. In these areas, the climate is suitable for bamboo growth, and there is an ample supply of water.

Uses of Bamboo

Bamboos have numerous uses, including:

1. Construction material: Bamboo is used extensively for construction purposes, including building houses, bridges, and other structures.

2. Furniture: Bamboo is also used to make furniture like chairs, tables, and beds.

3. Paper production: Bamboo is a good source of pulp for paper production.

4. Food: Certain species of bamboo are used as food, and they are a rich source of nutrients.

5. Ornamental purposes: Bamboos are used for ornamental purposes, and they add beauty to gardens and landscapes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, bamboos are grown mostly at a very low height from sea level. They are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, and they have numerous uses, including construction material, furniture, paper production, food, and ornamental purposes.

The Length of the Peninsular Part of India: 1,600 km

The correct answer to the question is option 'B' - 1,600 km. Let's explore why this is the correct answer.

Introduction to the Peninsular Part of India
India is a vast country located in South Asia, bordered by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. The peninsular part of India refers to the southern region of the country, which is surrounded by water on three sides. It is also known as the Deccan Plateau.

Length of the Peninsular Part of India
The peninsular part of India extends southward from the northern plains and covers a significant portion of the country. The correct length of the peninsular part of India is 1,600 km.

Geographical Features of the Peninsular Part of India
The peninsular part of India is characterized by various geographical features that contribute to its unique landscape. Some of these features include:

1. Western Ghats: Running parallel to the western coast of India, the Western Ghats are a mountain range that stretches for about 1,600 km. These mountains act as a natural barrier, separating the Deccan Plateau from the Arabian Sea.

2. Eastern Ghats: Similar to the Western Ghats, the Eastern Ghats are a range of mountains located along the eastern coast of India. They span approximately 1,700 km and provide a natural boundary between the Deccan Plateau and the Bay of Bengal.

3. Deccan Plateau: The Deccan Plateau is a large, elevated region that covers most of the peninsular part of India. It is characterized by its flat-topped hills, plateaus, and rugged terrain. The plateau has an average elevation of about 600 meters above sea level.

4. Rivers: The peninsular part of India is home to several major rivers, including the Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, and Tungabhadra. These rivers play a crucial role in the region's agriculture and provide water for irrigation and hydropower generation.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the correct length of the peninsular part of India is 1,600 km. This region is characterized by its unique geographical features, including the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Deccan Plateau, and major rivers. Understanding the length and geography of the peninsular part of India helps in comprehending the country's diverse landscapes and natural features.

Gujrat, winds blow in summers with sand in Thar desert are called loo.

Major Cyclone in Andhra Pradesh in 1990
The largest cyclone to hit Andhra Pradesh, which displaced 63,40,000 people, occurred in the year 1990.

Impact of the Cyclone
- The cyclone caused widespread destruction, affecting millions of lives in Andhra Pradesh.
- It led to massive displacement of people, with over 63 lakh individuals being forced to leave their homes.

Response to the Cyclone
- The state government, along with various relief organizations, immediately swung into action to provide aid and assistance to the affected population.
- Relief camps were set up to provide shelter, food, and medical aid to those displaced by the cyclone.
- Rehabilitation efforts were initiated to help the affected communities rebuild their lives and homes.

Long-Term Consequences
- The cyclone of 1990 left a lasting impact on the people of Andhra Pradesh, highlighting the importance of disaster preparedness and resilience.
- It also brought to the forefront the need for better infrastructure and early warning systems to mitigate the impact of such natural disasters in the future.
Overall, the cyclone that hit Andhra Pradesh in 1990 stands as a stark reminder of the devastating power of nature and the importance of timely response and support in times of crisis.

Correct Answer Explanation:

Area of India:
- The correct area of India is 32,87,263 sq.km.
- This information is important for geographical studies and understanding the size of the country.
- It is crucial to have accurate data when conducting research or analysis related to India's land area.

Importance of Knowing the Correct Area:
- Knowing the correct area of India helps in various planning and development projects.
- It is essential for demarcating boundaries, calculating population density, and managing natural resources.
- Having accurate geographical data is fundamental for effective governance and decision-making.

Significance for Students:
- For students studying geography or related subjects, knowing the correct area of India is crucial.
- It forms the basis for understanding the country's physical features, climate patterns, and biodiversity.
- Students can use this information to compare India's size with other countries and analyze its geopolitical significance.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the correct area of India is 32,87,263 sq.km, and it is essential to have accurate geographical data for various academic, research, and developmental purposes.

Chronological Order of Geographical Features in India
To understand the correct chronological order of the given geographical features of India, we can analyze each one based on its formation or significance in history.
1. Formation of the Himalayas
- The Himalayas began forming approximately 50 million years ago due to the collision of the Indian tectonic plate with the Eurasian plate.
- This geological event is significant as it shaped not only the physical landscape of northern India but also influenced climate patterns and the biodiversity of the region.
2. Development of the Ganga River System
- The Ganga River system developed over millions of years, with its origins traced back to the melting glaciers of the Himalayas.
- The river has been central to Indian civilization, providing water resources, supporting agriculture, and serving as a cultural and spiritual symbol for millions.
3. Recognition of India's Varied Ecosystems
- The varied ecosystems of India, including forests, grasslands, deserts, and coastal areas, have been recognized more prominently in the 20th century.
- This recognition has been vital for conservation efforts and understanding the ecological diversity of India.
4. Establishment of the Indian Standard Time
- Indian Standard Time (IST) was officially adopted in 1906.
- This was a significant milestone for coordinating time across the vast geographical expanse of India, reflecting the modernization of the country during British colonial rule.
Conclusion
Based on the above analysis, the correct chronological order is:
1. Formation of the Himalayas
2. Development of the Ganga River system
3. Recognition of India's varied ecosystems
4. Establishment of the Indian Standard Time
Thus, the correct option is a) 1, 3, 4, 2.

Opening of the Suez Canal in 1869
The Suez Canal was officially opened on November 17, 1869. It is an artificial waterway in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. Here's why the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 is significant:

Historical Context
- The idea of constructing a canal in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and Red Seas dates back to ancient times, but it was not until the 19th century that the project became a reality.
- The Suez Canal was constructed by the French engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps, with funding from French and Egyptian investors.

Impact on Trade
- The opening of the Suez Canal revolutionized global trade by providing a shortcut between Europe and Asia, significantly reducing the travel time for ships.
- It allowed ships to avoid the long and treacherous journey around the southern tip of Africa, known as the Cape of Good Hope.

Geopolitical Significance
- The Suez Canal became a strategic waterway for the British Empire, as it provided a crucial link to their colonies in Asia and allowed for faster communication and transportation.
- Control over the Suez Canal was a major point of contention during the 20th century, leading to conflicts such as the Suez Crisis in 1956.
In conclusion, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 had a profound impact on global trade and geopolitics, shaping the course of history in the region and beyond.