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All questions of Syllogism for SSC CGL Exam

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Statement 1: All chickens are birds.
Statement 2: Some chickens are hens.
Statement 3: Female birds lay eggs.
If the above statement are facts, then which of the following must also be a fact?
I. All birds lay eggs.
II. Hens are birds.
III. Some chickens are not hens.
  • a)
    II only
  • b)
    II and III only
  • c)
    I, II and III
  • d)
    None of the statement is a known fact
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Glance Learning Institute answered
Statements I and II can be represented as venn diagrams in the following ways:
As ‘Female birds lay eggs’, so ‘All birds lay eggs’ is incorrect.
Conclusion ‘Hens are Birds’ may or may not be true as can be seen from the Venn diagrams.
Conclusion ‘Some chickens are not hens’ is also not definitely true as can be seen from the third Venn diagram.
Hence, option (d).

Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
No plate is a spoon.
Some plates are forks.
All forks are knives.
Conclusions:
I. Some plates are knives is a possibility.
II. No spoon is a fork.
  • a)
    Only conclusion I follows
  • b)
    Neither conclusion I nor II follows
  • c)
    Both conclusions I and II follow
  • d)
    Only conclusion II follows
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev CLAT answered
Statement:
No plate is a spoon.
Some plates are forks.
All forks are knives.
The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows:
Conclusions:
(i) Some plates are knives is a possibility - False (Some plates are forks and All forks are knives, so some plates are knives is definitely true).
(ii) No spoon is a fork - False (Because No direct relation given between them, so It can be possible not definite).
Here, Neither conclusion I nor II follows.
Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Each of the questions below starts with a few statements, followed by four conclusions numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4.  You have to consider every given statement as true, even if it does not conform to the accepted facts.  Read the conclusions carefully and then decide which of the conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
a. Some boys are scholars
b. Some teachers are boys
c. All scholars are observers
Conclusions:
1. Some scholars are boys
2. Some scholars are not boys
3. Some observers are boys
4. Some teachers are scholars
  • a)
    1, and 3 follow
  • b)
    1, 3, and 4 follow
  • c)
    Either 1 or 2 and 3 follow
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Glance Learning Institute answered
Answer: Option A
Some boys are scholars: 
There are two possible deductions from this statement.
i) All scholars are boys (i.e. the set of scholars is a subset of boys)
ii) Some scholars are boys (i.e. the intersection of the sets of scholars and boys is not a null set)
Some teachers are boys
There are two possible deductions from this statement.
i) All boys are teachers (i.e. the set of boys is a subset of teachers)
ii) Some boys are teachers (i.e. the intersection of the sets of teachers and boys is not a null set)
All scholars are observers.
There are two possible deductions from this statement.
i) All observers are scholars (i.e. the set of observers and scholars are identical)
ii) Some observers are scholars (i.e. the set of observers is a subset of scholars)
Let us analyze the conclusions:
1) Some scholars are boys.This is true for both the cases that have been mentioned above,
2) Some scholars are not boysThis may or may not be true because there are chances that all scholars may also be boys.
3) Some observers are boys.We know that either all or some observers are scholars (i.e. the set of observers is definitely a subset of the set of scholars) and the intersection of the sets of scholars and boys is not a null set. This means that some observers will always be boys. Hence conclusion 3 is true.
4) Some teachers are scholars.The intersection of set of boys and scholars is not a null set and the intersection of set of boys and teachers is not a null set. But this doesn’t mean that the intersection of boys and teachers will also be a null set. There may or may not be some teachers who are scholars.
Thus this statement is incorrect.

Directions to Solve
In each of the following questions two statements are given and these statements are followed by two conclusions numbered (1) and (2). You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer:
  • (A) If only (1) conclusion follows
  • (B) If sonly (2) conclusion follows
  • (C) If either (1) or (2) follows
  • (D) If neither (1) nor (2) follows and
  • (E) If both (1) and (2) follow.
Question -
Statements: All the windows are doors. No door is a wall.
Conclusions:
  1. Some windows are walls.
  2. No wall is a door.
  • a)
    Only (1) conclusion follows
  • b)
    Only (2) conclusion follows
  • c)
    Either (1) or (2) follows
  • d)
    Neither (1) nor (2) follows
  • e)
    Both (1) and (2) follow
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mainak Saha answered
Understanding the Statements
The given statements are:
- All the windows are doors.
- No door is a wall.
Analyzing the Conclusions
1. Conclusion 1: Some windows are walls.
- Since all windows are classified as doors and no door can be a wall, it's impossible for any window to be a wall. Therefore, this conclusion does not logically follow from the statements.
2. Conclusion 2: No wall is a door.
- Given that no door is a wall, this statement is essentially a restatement of the second premise. Thus, it logically follows from the statements provided.
Final Evaluation
- Conclusion 1: Does not follow.
- Conclusion 2: Follows.
Answer Selection
Based on the analysis:
- Only conclusion (2) logically follows from the statements provided.
Thus, the correct answer is (B) Only (2) conclusion follows.

Each of the questions below starts with a few statements, followed by four conclusions numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4.  You have to consider every given statement as true, even if it does not conform to the accepted facts.  Read the conclusions carefully and then decide which of the conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
a. All teachers are professors
b. All professors are researchers
c. All researchers are consultants
Conclusions:
1. Some consultants are teachers
2. All professors are consultants
3. Some researchers are teachers
4. All professors are teachers
  • a)
    Only 1 and 2 follow
  • b)
    Only 1 and 3 follow
  • c)
    Either 1 or 4 follow
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev CLAT answered
Answer: Option D
All teachers are professors.
This means that either the set of teachers is identical to the set of professors or the set of teachers is a subset of the set of professors.
All professors are researchers.
This means that either the set of researchers is identical to the set of professors or the set of professors is a subset of the set of researchers.
All researchers are consultants.
This means that either the set of researchers is identical to the set of consultants or the set of researchers is a subset of the set of consultants.
Let us analyze the conclusions now
1) Some consultants are teachers
This is true as the set of teachers will atleast be a subset of professors which atleast will be a subset of researchers which will atleast be a subset of consultants.
2) All professors are consultants.
Set of professors will always be atleast a subset of researchers which will always be atleast a subset of consultants.
Hence this statement is also true.
3) Some researchers are teachers.
From the analysis of statement 1, we know that this statement is also true.
4) All professors are teachers.This is untrue because the set of professors is not a subset of teachers.

Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
Some jugs are bottles.
No bottle is a candy.
All spoons are bottles.
Conclusions:
I. Some jugs are spoons.
Il. No spoon is a candy.
Ill. No jug is a spoon.
IV. No jug is a candy.
  • a)
    Either Conclusion I or Ill and II follow.
  • b)
    Only Conclusions Il and III follow.
  • c)
    Only Conclusions I, Il and IV follow.
  • d)
    Either Conclusion I or IV and II follow.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev CLAT answered
The least possible diagram for the given statements is as follows
Conclusion:
I. Some jugs are spoons → False → (As Some jugs are bottles and all spoons are bottles, So some spoon are jugs is possibility but not definite)
II. No spoon is a candy → True → (As all spoons are candy and No bottle is candy, So no spoon is candy is definite true)
III. No jug is a spoon → False → (As some jugs are bottles and all spoons are bottles, So No jug is a spoon is a possibility but not definite)
IV. No jug is a candy → False → (As some jugs are bottles and no bottles are candy, So No jug is candy is it is possible but not definite)
Hence, the correct answer is "Either Conclusion I or III and II follow".

In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements.
Statements:
I. All B are V.
II. All K are B.
Conclusion:
I. All K are V.
II. No V is B.
  • a)
    Both conclusions I and II follows
  • b)
    Neither conclusion follows
  • c)
    Only conclusion I follows
  • d)
    Only conclusion II follows
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Muskaan dasgupta answered
Given Statements:
I. All B are V.
II. All K are B.

Conclusion:
I. All K are V.
II. No V is B.

Explanation:
In the given statements, it is mentioned that all B are V (I) and all K are B (II). Based on these statements, we can logically deduce the following:

Conclusion I: All K are V
Since all B are V and all K are B, it implies that all K are also V. This conclusion logically follows from the given statements.

Conclusion II: No V is B
This conclusion does not follow from the given statements. It is possible for some B to be V as per the first statement "All B are V".
Therefore, the correct answer is option C) Only conclusion I follows.

Statements:
All apples are fruits.
All fruits are healthy.
Conclusions:
1. Some apples are healthy.
2. All apples are healthy.
3. Some healthy things are fruits.
4. Some fruits are apples.
  • a)
    Only (2) and (3)
  • b)
    Only (1), (2), and (4)
  • c)
    Only (1), (2), and (3)
  • d)
    All the four
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Shalini Kumar answered
Understanding the Statements
The statements provided are:
- All apples are fruits.
- All fruits are healthy.
From these statements, let's analyze the conclusions drawn.
Analysis of Conclusions
1. Conclusion 1: Some apples are healthy.
- Since all apples are fruits and all fruits are healthy, it logically follows that some apples must also be healthy. This conclusion is valid.
2. Conclusion 2: All apples are healthy.
- Again, since every apple falls under the category of fruits, and all fruits are healthy, it can be concluded that all apples are indeed healthy. This conclusion is also valid.
3. Conclusion 3: Some healthy things are fruits.
- Since all fruits are classified as healthy, it follows that some of the healthy things must be fruits. Therefore, this conclusion is valid.
4. Conclusion 4: Some fruits are apples.
- Given that all apples belong to the larger category of fruits, it can be concluded that there are indeed some fruits (specifically, apples) among all the fruits. This conclusion is valid.
Final Verdict
Since all four conclusions logically follow from the initial statements, the correct answer is:
Option D: All the four conclusions are valid.
Each conclusion is supported by the inherent relationships established in the statements, reinforcing the interconnectedness of apples, fruits, and health.

Directions to Solve
In each of the following questions two statements are given and these statements are followed by two conclusions numbered (1) and (2). You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer:
  • (A) If only (1) conclusion follows
  • (B) If only (2) conclusion follows
  • (C) If either (1) or (2) follows
  • (D) If neither (1) nor (2) follows and
  • (E) If both (1) and (2) follow.
Question -
Statements: Some ants are parrots. All the parrots are apples.
Conclusions:
  1. All the apples are parrots.
  2. Some ants are apples.
  • a)
    Only (1) conclusion follows
  • b)
    Only (2) conclusion follows
  • c)
    Either (1) or (2) follows
  • d)
    Neither (1) nor (2) follows
  • e)
    Both (1) and (2) follow
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Arka Chakraborty answered

 
Let's analyze the statements and conclusions:
Statements:
  1. Some ants are parrots.
  2. All the parrots are apples.
Conclusions:
  1. All the apples are parrots.
  2. Some ants are apples.
Analysis:
  • From Statement 2, we know that "All the parrots are apples." This means that every parrot is indeed an apple, but not necessarily that every apple is a parrot.
  • From Statement 1, "Some ants are parrots," and knowing from Statement 2 that parrots are apples, it follows that some ants must be apples. This directly supports Conclusion 2.
  • Conclusion 1 states that "All the apples are parrots." However, Statement 2 only tells us that all parrots are apples, not that all apples are parrots. Hence, Conclusion 1 does not necessarily follow.
Therefore, the correct option is:
2. Only (2) conclusion follows

Directions to Solve
In each of the following questions there are three statements. Which are followed by three or four conclusions. Choose the conclusions which logically follow from the given statements.
Question -
Statements: 
  1. All the locks are keys.
  2. All the keys are bats.
  3. Some watches are bats.
Conclusions:
  1. Some bats are locks.
  2. Some watches are keys.
  3. All the keys are locks.
  • a)
    Only (1) and (2)
  • b)
    Only (1)
  • c)
    Only (2)
  • d)
    Only (1) and (3)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev CAT answered
Upon examining the statements and conclusions provided, it is clear that the conclusion "(1) Some bats are locks" logically follows from the given statements because if all locks are keys and all keys are bats, then some bats must indeed be locks.
Conclusion "(2) Some watches are keys" does not follow because there is no direct link between watches and keys in the statements.
Conclusion "(3) All the keys are locks" is incorrect because it contradicts the given statement that "All locks are keys."
Therefore, the correct conclusion is indeed "(1) Some bats are locks," making the correct option "Only (1)."

Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements: 
I. Some X are M.
II. All W are X.
Conclusions:
I. Some M are not W.
II. No W is M.
III. Some M are not X.
  • a)
    None of the conclusions follow
  • b)
    Only conclusion III follows
  • c)
    Only conclusions II and III follow
  • d)
    All the conclusions follow
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev CLAT answered
The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :
Conclusions:
I. Some M are not W → Does not follow (As some X are M, all W are X. So, it is possible but not definitely true)
II. No W is M → Does not follow (As all W are X, some X are M. So,it is possible but not definitely true)
III. Some M are not X → Does not follow (As some X are M. So, it is possible but not definitely true)
∴ Here, None of the conclusions follow.
Hence, the correct answer is "None of the conclusions follow".

Statements:
No tree is an animal.
Some animals are humans.
Conclusions:
1. Some trees are humans.
2. No animal is a tree.
3. Some humans are not trees.
4. All animals are humans.
  • a)
    Only (2)
  • b)
    Only (1) and (4)
  • c)
    Only (2) and (3)
  • d)
    None of the four
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev CAT answered
From the first statement, "No tree is an animal" ⇒ "No animal is a tree" (converse) ⇒ (2) follows.
No relation between trees and humans ⇒ (1) and (3) do not follow.
No support for (4).
So Option A is correct

In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements.
Statements:
I. All Z are Y.
II. Some Y are B.
Conclusion:
I. Some B are not Z.
II. Some Y are not Z.
III. Some Z are Y. 
  • a)
    Both conclusions II and III follows 
  • b)
    Both conclusions I and III follows  
  • c)
    Only conclusion III follows 
  • d)
    All conclusion follows 
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Elite Coaching Classes answered
Statements:
  1. All Z are Y: This means every Z is contained within Y.
  2. Some Y are B: This means there is at least some overlap between Y and B.
Conclusions:
  1. Some B are not Z:
    • From the statements, there is no direct evidence that some B are not Z. While we know "Some Y are B" and "All Z are Y," this does not establish anything about the relationship between B and Z. Hence, this conclusion does not follow.
  2. Some Y are not Z:
    • From the statement "All Z are Y," it follows that Z is entirely contained within Y. However, nothing in the statements suggests that some Y are not Z. This conclusion does not follow.
  3. Some Z are Y:
    • From the statement "All Z are Y," it is clear that all Z are Y, so "Some Z are Y" is logically true as it is part of "all." Hence, this conclusion follows.
c) Only conclusion III follows.

Three statements are given followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All birds are crows.
Some crows are parrots.
No crow is a pigeon.
Conclusions:
I. No parrot is a pigeon.
II. Some birds are parrots.
  • a)
    Only conclusion I follows
  • b)
    Only conclusion II follows
  • c)
    Neither conclusion I nor II follows
  • d)
    Both conclusions I and II follow
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev CLAT answered
Given Statements:
All birds are crows.
Some crows are parrots.
No crow is a pigeon.
The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:
Conclusions:
I. No parrot is a pigeon - False (Because, No definite relation given between parrot and pigeon, so it can be possibly only).
II. Some birds are parrots - False (Because, No definite relation given between birds and parrots, so it can be possibly only).
So, Neither conclusion I nor II follows.
Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Directions to Solve
In each of the following questions there are three statements. Which are followed by three or four conclusions. Choose the conclusions which logically follow from the given statements.
Question -
Statements: Some envelops are gums. Some gums are seals. Some seals are adhesives.
Conclusions:
  1. Some envelopes are seals.
  2. Some gums are adhesives.
  3. Some adhesives are seals.
  4. Some adhesives are gums.
  • a)
    Only (3)
  • b)
    Only (1)
  • c)
    Only (2)
  • d)
    Only (4)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Varun Rane answered
Understanding the Statements
The statements provided are:
- Some envelopes are gums.
- Some gums are seals.
- Some seals are adhesives.
These statements indicate relationships among four categories: envelopes, gums, seals, and adhesives.
Analyzing the Conclusions
Now, let’s analyze each conclusion based on the statements:
- Conclusion 1: Some envelopes are seals.
- This conclusion cannot be directly inferred. We know some envelopes are gums and some gums are seals, but we cannot conclude that some envelopes are seals as there may be no direct connection.
- Conclusion 2: Some gums are adhesives.
- This conclusion is also not valid. Although some gums are seals and some seals are adhesives, there is no direct indication that any gums are adhesives.
- Conclusion 3: Some adhesives are seals.
- This conclusion logically follows from the statements. Since some seals are adhesives, it is valid to say that some adhesives are indeed seals.
- Conclusion 4: Some adhesives are gums.
- Similar to conclusion 2, this cannot be concluded. There is no direct relationship established that connects adhesives to gums.
Final Evaluation
Based on the analysis:
- Valid Conclusion:
- Only conclusion 3 ("Some adhesives are seals") logically follows from the given statements.
Thus, the correct answer is option 'A' (Only 3), as it is the only conclusion that can be derived directly from the statements provided.

Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements :
Some jims are nests.
Some nests are beams.
All beams are coaches.
Conclusions :
I. Some coaches are nests.
II. Some beams are jims.
III. No beam is a jim.
IV. Some nests are jims.
  • a)
    Only conclusions I and II follow
  • b)
    Only conclusions II and III follow
  • c)
    Both conclusions I and IV and either conclusion II or III follow
  • d)
    Only conclusions II and IV follow
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Pallavi bhatia answered
Understanding the Statements
The statements provided can be analyzed to determine the relationships between the categories mentioned:
- Some jims are nests.
- Some nests are beams.
- All beams are coaches.
Analyzing the Conclusions
Let’s evaluate each conclusion based on the statements:
Conclusion I: Some coaches are nests.
- Since all beams are coaches and some nests are beams, it follows that some nests must also be coaches. Hence, this conclusion is valid.
Conclusion II: Some beams are jims.
- The statement indicates that some jims are nests and some nests are beams. However, it does not confirm that any beams are jims, so this conclusion cannot be confidently stated as valid. Thus, this conclusion is not necessarily true.
Conclusion III: No beam is a jim.
- The statements do not provide enough information to conclude that no beams are jims. Since some jims are nests and some nests are beams, it is possible (but not guaranteed) that some jims could be beams. Therefore, this conclusion is not valid.
Conclusion IV: Some nests are jims.
- Given that some jims are nests, it logically follows that some nests must be jims. Thus, this conclusion is valid.
Final Assessment
Based on the evaluations:
- Valid Conclusions: I and IV
- Not Valid Conclusions: II and III
Thus, the correct answer is option 'C': Both conclusions I and IV and either conclusion II or III follow.

In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements.
Statements:
I. No F is N.
II. All N are L.
Conclusions:
I. All F are L.
II. All N are F.
III. Some L are N.
  • a)
    Only conclusion II follows
  • b)
    Only conclusion III follows
  • c)
    Only conclusion I follows
  • d)
    All conclusion follows
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

EduRev CLAT answered
Given Statements:
I. No F is N.
II. All N are L.
The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:
Conclusions:
I. All F are L - False (Because, All N are L and no F is N, so those part of N that is L will be definitely not F).
II. All N are F - False (Because, No F is N).
III. Some L are N - True (Because, All N are L so, some L are N is definitely true).
So, Only conclusion III follows.
Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Directions to Solve
In each of the following questions two statements are given. Which are followed by four conclusions (1), (2), (3) and (4). Choose the conclusions which logically follow from the given statements.
Question -
Statements: All the research scholars are psychologists. Some psychologists are scientists.
Conclusions:
  1. All the research scholars are scientists.
  2. Some research scholars are scientists.
  3. Some scientists are psychologists.
  4. Some psychologists are research scholars.
  • a)
    Only (3) and (4)
  • b)
    None of the four
  • c)
    All the four
  • d)
    Only (3)
  • e)
    Only (2) and (4)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amar Iyer answered
Solution:

The given statements are:

Statement 1: All the research scholars are psychologists.
Statement 2: Some psychologists are scientists.

We need to find the conclusions that logically follow from these statements. Let's analyze each conclusion one by one:

Conclusion 1: All the research scholars are scientists.
This conclusion cannot be logically derived from the given statements. Although some psychologists are scientists, it does not necessarily mean that all research scholars are scientists. Therefore, conclusion 1 does not follow.

Conclusion 2: Some research scholars are scientists.
This conclusion also cannot be logically derived from the given statements. While it is true that some psychologists are scientists, it does not guarantee that some research scholars are also scientists. Therefore, conclusion 2 does not follow.

Conclusion 3: Some scientists are psychologists.
This conclusion can be logically derived from the given statements. Statement 2 mentions that "Some psychologists are scientists," which implies that there is an overlapping between the two groups. Therefore, conclusion 3 follows.

Conclusion 4: Some psychologists are research scholars.
This conclusion can also be logically derived from the given statements. Statement 1 mentions that "All the research scholars are psychologists," which implies that there is at least some overlap between psychologists and research scholars. Therefore, conclusion 4 follows.

Based on the above analysis, the conclusions that logically follow from the given statements are:

- Conclusion 3: Some scientists are psychologists.
- Conclusion 4: Some psychologists are research scholars.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Only (3) and (4).

Directions to Solve
In each of the following questions two statements are given. Which are followed by four conclusions (1), (2), (3) and (4). Choose the conclusions which logically follow from the given statements.
Question -
Statements: All the goats are tigers. All the tigers are lions.
Conclusions:
  1. All the goats are lions.
  2. All the lions are goats.
  3. Some lions are goats.
  4. Some tigers are goats.
  • a)
    All the four
  • b)
    Only (1), (2) and (3)
  • c)
    Only (1), (3) and (4)
  • d)
    Only (2), (3) and (4)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rahul Gupta answered
**Logical Reasoning: Statements and Conclusions**

**Statements:**
- All the goats are tigers.
- All the tigers are lions.

**Conclusions:**
1) All the goats are lions.
2) All the lions are goats.
3) Some lions are goats.
4) Some tigers are goats.

To determine which conclusions logically follow from the given statements, we need to analyze the information provided.

**Explanation:**

From the given statements, we can infer the following:

- All the goats are tigers. (Statement 1)
- All the tigers are lions. (Statement 2)

Based on these statements, we can draw the following conclusions:

**Conclusion 1: All the goats are lions.**
This conclusion cannot be logically inferred from the given statements because there is no direct relationship between goats and lions. The statements only establish a relationship between goats and tigers, and between tigers and lions. Therefore, conclusion 1 is not valid.

**Conclusion 2: All the lions are goats.**
This conclusion cannot be logically inferred from the given statements because there is no direct relationship between lions and goats. The statements only establish a relationship between goats and tigers, and between tigers and lions. Therefore, conclusion 2 is not valid.

**Conclusion 3: Some lions are goats.**
This conclusion can be logically inferred from the given statements. Since all the goats are tigers, and all the tigers are lions, it is possible for some lions to also be goats. Therefore, conclusion 3 is valid.

**Conclusion 4: Some tigers are goats.**
This conclusion can be logically inferred from the given statements. Since all the goats are tigers, it is possible for some tigers to also be goats. Therefore, conclusion 4 is valid.

Therefore, the conclusions that logically follow from the given statements are:

- Conclusion 3: Some lions are goats.
- Conclusion 4: Some tigers are goats.

Hence, the correct answer is option C: Only (1), (3), and (4).

Statements:
Some fruits are mangos.
All mangos are guavas.
No guava is a banana.
Conclusions:
I. All guavas are fruits.
II. Some guavas are fruits
  • a)
    If only conclusion I follows.
  • b)
    If only conclusion II follows.
  • c)
    If either conclusion I or conclusion II follows
  • d)
    If both conclusions I and II follows.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Tarun Nambiar answered
(i)  All pages are markers     --> Universal Affirmative (A - type).
(ii) Some fruits are apples    --> Particular Affirmative (I - type)
(iii)No book is a page         --> Universal Negative (E - type).
(iv) Some books are  not pages --> Particular Negative (O - type).
Some fruits are mangos.
All mangos are guavas.
I + A => I - type of conclusion
"Some fruits are guavas".
Conclusion II is Converse of it.
All mangos are guavas
No guava is a banana.
A + E => E - type of conclusion
"No mango is a banana"
Answer Option B

Directions to Solve
In each of the following questions two statements are given and these statements are followed by two conclusions numbered (1) and (2). You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer:
  • (A) If only (1) conclusion follows
  • (B) If sonly (2) conclusion follows
  • (C) If either (1) or (2) follows
  • (D) If neither (1) nor (2) follows and
  • (E) If both (1) and (2) follow.
Question -
Statements: Some mangoes are yellow. Some tixo are mangoes.
Conclusions:
  1. Some mangoes are green.
  2. Tixo is a yellow.
  • a)
    Only (1) conclusion follows
  • b)
    Only (2) conclusion follows
  • c)
    Either (1) or (2) follows
  • d)
    Neither (1) nor (2) follows
  • e)
    Both (1) and (2) follow
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nidhi Roy answered
Understanding the Statements
The given statements are:
- Some mangoes are yellow.
- Some tixo are mangoes.
Analyzing the Conclusions
We need to evaluate the following conclusions based on the statements:
1. Some mangoes are green.
2. Tixo is yellow.
Evaluating Conclusion 1
- The first conclusion states that "Some mangoes are green."
- From the statements, we know that while some mangoes are yellow, there is no information provided to support the idea that any mangoes are green.
- Therefore, this conclusion does not logically follow from the given statements.
Evaluating Conclusion 2
- The second conclusion states that "Tixo is yellow."
- The statements only establish a relationship between tixo and mangoes, but do not provide any information regarding the color of tixo.
- We cannot conclude that tixo is yellow based solely on the information given, as we only know some tixo are mangoes, and some mangoes are yellow.
Final Decision
Given that neither conclusion logically follows from the statements provided:
- Conclusion 1 is unsupported.
- Conclusion 2 is also unsupported.
Thus, the correct answer is:
Neither (1) nor (2) follows
The answer is option 'D'.

Directions to Solve
In each of the following questions two statements are given and these statements are followed by two conclusions numbered (1) and (2). You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer:
  • (A) If only (1) conclusion follows
  • (B) If sonly (2) conclusion follows
  • (C) If either (1) or (2) follows
  • (D) If neither (1) nor (2) follows and
  • (E) If both (1) and (2) follow.
Question -
Statements: All buildings are chalks. No chalk is toffee.
Conclusions:
  1. No building is toffee
  2. All chalks are buildings.
  • a)
    Only (1) conclusion follows
  • b)
    Only (2) conclusion follows
  • c)
    Either (1) or (2) follows
  • d)
    Neither (1) nor (2) follows
  • e)
    Both (1) and (2) follow
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Debanshi Saha answered
Correct option is. Only (1) conclusion follows
Explanation: From the first statement "All buildings are chalks," we can infer that whatever is true for all chalks will also be true for all buildings. The second statement "No chalk is toffee" implies that there is no overlap between chalks and toffees.
Conclusion 1: "No building is toffee" logically follows because if no chalk is toffee and all buildings are chalks, then buildings cannot be toffees either.
Conclusion 2: "All chalks are buildings" does not logically follow. The first statement does not imply that all chalks must be buildings, only that all buildings are chalks. There could be chalks that are not buildings.

The statement below is followed by three outcomes numbered I, II and II. An outcome is either a step of administrative decision to be undertaken for improvement, or a follow-up for further action, or natural response by stakeholders, etc. on the basis of the information provided in the statement. Everything mentioned in the statement is to be assumed to be true, on the basis of which the most logically followed course of action has to be decided.
Statement:
The city council of Brownwood City has decided to install a plant of mineral water to provide the citizens mineral water bottles at US $ 1 per bottle as against bottles costing US $ 1.5 being sold by local private players.
I. All the local private companies selling bottled water in Brownwood City will have to close their operations.
II. The city council of Brownwood City will have to provide for the losses from this project in its budget.
III. The normal tap water supply of Brownwood City will have no takers and that will have to be discontinued.
  • a)
    None of I, II or III
  • b)
    Only II
  • c)
    Both II and III
  • d)
    All I, II and III
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Glance Learning Institute answered
Answer: Option A
Outcome I does not follow; just because mineral water will be sold at a cheaper rate by the city council, this does not mean that all private companies selling bottled mineral water will close down altogether.
Outcome II does not follow; since their increased sales will probably more than make up for any losses incurred due to lower prices.
Outcome III does not follow; it is ludicrous to assume that people will be willing to do away with normal tap water just because mineral water is being sold at a somewhat reasonable rate.
Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

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