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31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - NEET MCQ


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30 Questions MCQ Test Biology 31 Years NEET Chapterwise Solved Papers - 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare for NEET 2024 is part of Biology 31 Years NEET Chapterwise Solved Papers preparation. The 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare questions and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus.The 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare MCQs are made for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare below.
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31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 1

Match List - I with List - II         [NEET 2021]

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 1

Examples of acid producers are Aspergillus niger (a fungus) of citric acid, Acetobacter aceti (a bacterium) of acetic acid; Clostridium butylicum (a bacterium) of butyric acid and Lactobacillus (a bacterium) of lactic acid.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 2

Which of the following is put into Anaerobic sludge digester for further sewage treatment?  [NEET 2020]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 2

Major portion of activated sludge is pumped into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters. So, here other kinds of bacteria which grow anaerobically, digest the fungi and bacteria of the sludge.

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31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 3

Which of the following can be used as a biocontrol agent in the treatment of plant disease?   [NEET 2019]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 3

Trichoderma species are free-living fungi that are very common in the root ecosystems. They are effective biocontrol agents of several plant pathogens.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 4

Conversion of milk to curd improves its nutritional value by increasing the amount of    [NEET 2018]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 4
  • Lactobacillus bacteria convert milk into curd. It produces acids that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins. 
  • A small amount of curd added to the fresh milk as inoculum or starter contains millions of Lactobacillus which at suitable temperature multiply, thereby converting milk to curd which also improves its nutritional value by increasing vitamin B12 content and a number of organic acids.
31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 5

Which of the following in sewage treatment removes suspended solids?     [NEET 2017]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 5

Primary or physical treatment is the process of removal of small and large, floating and suspended solids from sewage through two processes of filtration and sedimentation.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 6

Maximum nutritional diversity is found in the group.

[2012]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 6

Maximum nutritional diversity is shown by the members of kingdom - Monera. Some of them are autotrophic (e.g. photosynthetic autotrophic or chemosynthetic autotrophic) while the vast majority are heterotrophs (e.g., saprotrophic or parasitic). Ecologically, these may be producers or decomposers.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 7

Which one of the following is an example of carrying out biological control of pests/ diseases using microbes ?

[2012]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 7

All of above

Explanation:

Biological control of pests and diseases using microbes involves the use of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) to control pests and diseases in plants. Here's a brief explanation of each example:

1. Bt-cotton: Bt-cotton is a genetically modified cotton variety that contains genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This bacterium produces proteins toxic to certain pests, such as bollworms, which are a major threat to cotton crops. By introducing these genes into cotton plants, Bt-cotton provides resistance against these pests, leading to increased cotton yield.

2. Nucleopolyhedrovirus against white rust in Brassica: Nucleopolyhedroviruses are a group of viruses that infect and kill insects, particularly caterpillars. They have been used as biological control agents against various insect pests, including those that cause white rust in Brassica (a genus of plants that includes cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli). By applying nucleopolyhedroviruses to Brassica crops, the insect pests can be controlled, reducing the incidence of white rust disease.

3. Trichoderma sp. against certain plant pathogens: Trichoderma is a genus of fungi that are known for their ability to antagonize and control various plant pathogens, such as fungi and nematodes. They do this by producing enzymes that break down the cell walls of other fungi

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 8

A nitrogen-fixing microbe associated with Azolla in rice fields is :

[2012]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 8

Anabaena azollae resides in the leaf cavities of the fern Anabaena. It fixes nitrogen. A part of the fixed nitrogen is excreted in the cavities and becomes available to the fern. The decaying fern plants release the same for utilization of the rice plants.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 9

Yeast is used in the production of

[2012]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 9

Saccharomyces cervisiae is a yeast used in making bread (Baker’s yeast) and commercial production of ethanol. 

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 10

Which one of the following microbes forms symbiotic association with plants and helps them in their nutrition

[2012]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 10

Glomus is endomycorrhiza that helps in absorption of nutrition specially phosphorus from soil.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 11

A patient brought to a hospital with myocardial infarction is normally immediately given :

[2012]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 11

Streptokinase is immediately given to dissolve the thrombus carring myocardial infarction

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 12

Monascus purpureus is a yeast used commercially in the production of :

[2012]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 12

Monascus purpureus is a yeast used in the production of statins which are used in lowering blood cholestrol.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 13

Which one of the following is a wrong matching of a microbe and its industrial product?

[2011M]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 13

c) Clostridium butylicum - lactic acid

This is the wrong matching.

  • Clostridium butylicum is not known for producing lactic acid; it is primarily associated with the production of butyric acid during fermentation. It is also known for its role in the production of botulinum toxin.

The other matches are correct:

  • Yeast (typically Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used to produce statins, which are cholesterol-lowering drugs.
  • Acetobacter aceti is responsible for producing acetic acid (vinegar) in aerobic fermentation.
  • Aspergillus niger is widely used to produce citric acid industrially.

Thus, option (c) is the wrong one.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 14

Which one of the following help in absorption of phosphorus from soil by plants?

[2011]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 14

Glomus aggregatum is a  mycorrhizal fungus used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture. Its purpose is to increase the surface area of roots for nutrient absorption like phosphorus.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 15

An organism used as a biofertilizer for raising soyabean crops is

[2011]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 15

Rhizobium is a nitrogen fixing bacteria, which acts as a biofertilizer in soil to produce soyabean crops.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 16

Which one of the following is not used in organic farming?

[2010]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 16

Organic farming involves use of organic wastes and other biological material along with beneficial microbes to release nutrients to crop to increase the soil fertility in an ecofriendly, and pollution tree environment. Glomus, earthworm and Oscillatoria can be used in organic farming while snail cannot. 

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 17

The common nitrogen fixer in paddy fields is

[2010]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 17

The common nitrogen fixer in paddy field is Azospirillum. It is an anaerobic bacteria that forms loose association with roots of paddy crops.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 18

A common biocontrol agent for the control of plant diseases is

[2010]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 18

A common biocontrol agent for control of plant diseases is Trichoderma. Trichoderma is a tree living fungus that exert biocontrol over several plant pathogens for the control of plant diseases. It is the natural method of pest and pathogen control.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 19

Cryl endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against

[2008]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 19

Cry I endotoxine obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against bollworms. A bollworm is a common term for any larva of a moth that attacks the fruiting bodies of certain crops, especially cotton.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 20

Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of

[2008]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 20

Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of Escherichia coli. E. coli is a bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm blooded animals. The bacteria can also be grown easily and its genetics are comparatively simple and easily manipulated, making it one of the best studied prokaryotic model organisms, and an important species in biotechnology.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 21

Trichoderma harzianum has proved a useful microorganism for

[2008]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 21

Trichoderma harzianum has proved a useful microorganism for biological control of soil borne plant pathogens. Trichoderma harzianum is a fungus that is also used as a fungicide. It is used for foliar application, seed treatment and soil treatment for suppression of various disease causing fungal pathogens. Commercial biotechnological products such as 3 Tac have been useful for treatment of Botrytis, Fusarium, Penicillium sp. It is also used for manufacturing enzymes.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 22

Probiotics are

[2007]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 22

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, including Lactobacillus species, Bifidobacterium species and yeasts, that may beneficially affect the host upon ingestion by improving the balance of the intestinal microflora. The dietary use of live microorganisms has a long history.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 23

Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic engineering are

[2006]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 23

Escherichia coli is a bacterium found in human colon. On this bacterium scientists have made extensive genetic experiments to make some vital chemicals like insulin. Another bacterium is Agrobacterium tumefaciens which causes crown gall in plants is extensively used for genetic experiments.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 24

Which of the following is pair of biofertilizers?

[2001]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 24

Azolla and blue green algae- Anabaena form biofertilizer in rice fields.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 25

The aquatic fern, which is an excellent biofertiliser is

[1999]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 25

Azolla is a freshwater fern harbouring a bluegreen alga - Anabaena in its leaf cavities. The alga fixes atmospheric nitrogen and releases nitrogenous compounds in leaf cavities. This symbiotic system is the main source of algal biofertilizer in rice fields.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 26

Farmers have reported over 50% higher yields of rice by using the biofertilizer

[1998]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 26

Farmers have reported over 50% higher yields of rice by using the biofertilizer Azolla pinnata.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 27

Which one of the following is non-symbiotic biofertilizer?

[1998]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 27

Azotobacter is a free living nitrogen fixing bacterium, Rhizobium is symbiotic and found in the root nodules of leguminous plants, Anabaena occurs in assoction with Azolla. VAM is vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 28

Gobar gas contains mainly

[1997]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 28

Gobar gas contains mainly CH4 + CO2.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 29

Which of the following is likely to be achieved in the coming two decades?

[1997]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 29

Control of cancer is likely to be achieved in the coming two decades.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 30

Which one thing is not true about antibiotics?

[1996]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Microbes in Human Welfare - Question 30

'Each antibiotic is effective only against one particular kind of germ' is not correct.

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