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31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - NEET MCQ


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30 Questions MCQ Test Biology 31 Years NEET Chapterwise Solved Papers - 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 for NEET 2024 is part of Biology 31 Years NEET Chapterwise Solved Papers preparation. The 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 questions and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus.The 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 MCQs are made for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 below.
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31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 1

The first stable product of CO2 fixation in sorghum is:    [2021]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 1
  • You may like to cut a section of the leaves of C4 plants – maize or sorghum – to observe the Kranz anatomy and the distribution of mesophyll cells.
  • The C4 acid OAA is formed in the mesophyll cells.
31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 2

The oxygenation activity of RuBisCo enzyme in photorespiration leads to the formation of:     [2020]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 2

Photorespiration is the light dependent process. At high temperature, RuBP carboxylase functions as oxygenase and instead of fixing carbon dioxide (C3 cycle), oxidises ribulose 1, 5-biphosphate to produce a 3-carbon phosphoglyceric acid and a 2-carbon phosphoglycolate.

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31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 3

Bundle sheath cells [NEET Kar. 2013]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 3

In C4 plants, bundle sheath cells are rich in RuBisCO, but lack PEPcase. The CO2 released in the bundle sheath cells enters the C3 or the Calvin pathway, common to all plants. Thus, the basic pathway that results in the formation of sugars, the calvin pathway is common to the C3 and C4 plants.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 4

Pigment-containing membranous extensions in some cyanobacteria are : [NEET 2013]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 4

In some photo auto trophic bacteria bacteriochlorophyll and bacteriophaeophytin or bacterioviridin pigments containing membraneous extensions called chromatophores are present. These are sites of bacterial photosynthesis .

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 5

The correct sequence of cell organelles during photorespiration is : [2012]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 5

The correct sequence of cell organelles during photorespiration is:

- Chloroplast -> peroxisome -> mitochondria

Explanation:
- Chloroplast: Photosynthesis occurs here.
- Peroxisome: Catalyzes reactions in photorespiration, like breaking down toxic compounds.
- Mitochondria: Involved in cellular respiration, producing energy for the cell.

This sequence is crucial for the photorespiration process, where peroxisomes play a key role in detoxifying harmful products and mitochondria participate in energy production.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 6

A process that makes important difference between C3 and C4 plants is : [2012]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 6

Photorespiration is absent is C4 plants. Photorespiration does not produce energy or reducing power. Rather, it consumes energy.  Further, it undoes the work of photosynthesis. There is 25% loss of fixed CO2. Therefore, photorespiration is a highly wasteful process. This happens only in case of C3 plants. 

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 7

CAM helps the plants in : [2011]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 7

CAM plants are most common in arid environments. Being able to keep stomata closed during the hottest and driest part of the day reduces the loss of water through evapotranspiration.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 8

Of the total incident solar radiation the proportion of PAR is : [2011]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 8

Out of total incident solar radiation, about 50% of it forms Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR).

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 9

C4 plants are more efficient in photosynthesis than C3 plants due to: [2010]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 9

In C3​ plants, CO2​ is pumped directly into the Calvin cycle, leaving rubisco exposed to O2​.  Rubisco in a C3​ will take up O2​ rather than CO2​ to undergo photorespiration.  Photorespiration occurs under low concentrations of CO2​ and high concentrations of O2​. This process reduces efficiency of photosynthesis, potentially reducing photosynthetic output by 25% in C3​ plants. C4​ plants capture carbon dioxide in their mesophyll cells forming oxaloacetate. This oxaloacetate is then converted to malate and is transported into the bundle sheath cells, where oxygen concentration is low to avoid photorespiration. So, C4​ plants are more efficient in photosynthesis than C3​ plants.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 10

Photoperiodism was first characterised in: [2010]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 10

Photoperiodism is the response to duration and timings of light and dark period. It was first characterised in tobacco plant.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 11

PGA as the first CO2 fixation product was discovered in photosynthesis of : [2010]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 11

Phosphoglyceric and (PGA) is the first stable product of photosynthesis. It was first discovered by Calvin, Benson and their colleagues in Chlorella, algae.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 12

Cyclic photophosphorylation results in the formation of [2009]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 12

Cyclic photophosphorylation results in the formation of ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life. It is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do. It is present in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of every cell, and essentially all the physiological mechanisms that require energy for operation obtain it directly from the stored ATP. 

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 13

Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in: [2009]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 13

Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in Oscillatoria. Oscillatoria is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria which is named for the oscillation in its movement.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 14

Importance of day length in flowering of plants was first shown in [2008]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 14

Photoperiodism was first studied by Garner and Allard (1920). They observed that “Maryland Mammoth” variety of tobacco could be made to flower in summer by reducing the light hours with artificial darkening. It could be made to remain vegetative in winter by providing extra light.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 15

In leaves of C4 plants malic acid synthesis during CO2 fixation occurs in [2008]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 15

In leaves of C4 plants, malic acid synthesis during CO2 fixation occurs in mesophyll cells. The mesophyll cells perform C4 cycle and the cells of bundle sheath perform C3 cycle. CO2 taken from the atmosphere is accepted by phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) present in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cell of these leaves, leading to the formation of a 4-C compound, oxaloacetic acid (OAA). This acid is converted to another 4-C acid, the malic acid which enters into the chloroplast of bundle  sheath cells and these undergoes oxidative  decarboxylation yielding pyruvic acid  (3C - compound) and CO2

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 16

Electrons from excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II are accepted first by: [2008]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 16

Electrons from excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II are accepted first by Quinone. Photosystem II is a photosynthetic pigment system along with some electron carriers that is located in the appressed part of the grana thylakoids. Photosystem II has chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids. Other components of PS II are phaeophytin, plastoquinone (PQ), cytochrome complex and blue coloured copper containing plastocyanin.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 17

The wavelength of light absorbed by Pr form of phytochrome is [2007]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 17

The Pr form absorbs light between 660 to 680 nm and absorbs at a peak of 666 nm. It is the form synthesized in darkgrown seedlings. When Pr absorbs red light, it is converted to the Pfr form.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 18

In the leaves of C4 plants, malic acid formation during CO2 fixation occurs in the cells of [2007]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 18

In C4 plants, C4 cycle occurs in mesophyll cells and C3 - cycle occurs in a bundle sheath.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 19

The first acceptor of electrons from an excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II is [2007]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 19

The first acceptor of electrons from an excited chlorophyll of PSII is quinone.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 20

During photorespiration, the oxygen consuming reaction(s) occur in [2006]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 20

The first reaction of photorespiration occur in stroma of chloroplast. In this reaction the RuBP(Ribulose 1-5 biphosphate) consume one oxygen molecule in presence of enzyme Rubisco.
In peroxisome the glycolate transferred  from chloroplast takes up O2 and formed the glyoxylate whereas the H2O2 release as byproduct.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 21

In photosystem-1the first electron acceptor is [2006]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 21

In photosystem I or photoact I electrons released by P-700 are accepted by a substance of iron-sulphur-protein complex denoted as A(FeS). A(FeS) is thus reduced and it passes these high electrons to oxidised ferredoxin and it gets reduced. From reduced Fd these electrons are passed to FAD which now reduced to FADH2 and then electrons and hydrogen are accepted by NADP which makes NADPH2. Here photosystem I end.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 22

Photosynthesis in C4 plants is relatively less limited by atmospheric CO2 levels because:

[2005]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 22

The fixation of CO2 in C4 -plants takes place in two places and by two different organic compounds. Phosphoenol Pyruvate (PEP) is found in mesophyll cells which primarily fixes atmospheric CO2 into oxalo acetic acid (4C).

RuBisCO is present in bundle sheath cells where final fixation of CO2 in hexose sugars takes place. CO2 is primarily fixed by PEP carboxylase because this enzyme has greater affinity to COthan RuBisCO.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 23

Chlorophyll in chloroplasts is located in: [2005]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 23

Internally a chloroplast contains a matrix or stroma which is similar to cytoplasm in its constitution. It contains DNA, RNA, ribsomes, enzymes for CO2 assimilation, proteins, starch grains and fat droplets or plastoglobuli.
In the matrix or stroma embedded a number of flattened membranous sacs called thylakoids or lamellae. At places the thylakoids are aggregated to form stacks called grana.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 24

As compared to a C3 – plant, how many additional molecules of ATP are needed for net production of one molecule of hexose sugar by C4 – plants: [2005]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 24

Equation for C4 pathway 6 PEP + 6 RuBP + 6CO2 + 30 ATP + 12 NADPH 6PEP + 6 RuBP + C6H12O6 + 30 ADP + 30 H3PO4 + 12 NADP+
The net reaction of C3 dark fixation is 6RuBP + 6CO2 + 18ATP + 12 NADPH  6 RuBP + C6H12O6 + 18 ADP + 18 P + 12 NADP+

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 25

Plants adapted to low light intensity have [2004]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 25

The Proteinaceous Photosynthetic unit (PSU) size increases as light levels decline. At lower light levels, chloroplasts have larger PSU to increase the probability that a photon will strike the chlorophyll antenna. So, plants adapted to low light intensity have larger photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants. Plants adapted to low light intensity does not have a higher rate of CO2​ fixation, more extended root system and leaves are not modified to spines.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 26

In C3 plants, the first stable product of photosynthesis during the dark reaction is [2004]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 26

3-phosphoglyceric acid, 3 carbon compound is the first product formed in the C3 cycle. It is then converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Oxaloacetic acid, 4 carbon compound is the first product formed in C4 cycle. It is then converted to malic acid.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 27

Which element is located at the centre of the porphyrin ring in chlorophyll ? [2003]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 27

A non ionic Mg atom is held in the centre of porphyrin (of chlorophyll) held by N atom of pyrrole ring.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 28

Which fractions of the visible spectrum of solar radiations are primarily absorbed by carotenoids of the higher plants? [2003]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 28

Carotenoids are a group of yellow, red and orange pigments which function as acessary pigments and protect chlorophyll molecules from destruction by intensive light rays. Carotenoids have three absorption peaks in the blue-violet range of the spectrum.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 29

Which one of the following is wrong in relation to photorespiration ? [2003]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 29

Tropical plants have evolved C4 cycle to overcome photorespiration.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 30

The C4 plants are photosynthetically more efficient than C3 plants because:

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - 1 - Question 30

In C3 plants, when the level of carbon dioxide falls below about 50 ppm, the catalyst RuBisCO that helps to fix carbon begins to fix oxygen. C4 plants have the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 3 carbon phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to oxaloacetete which is quickly converted to malate. This malate is actively pumped across the cell membrane into the bundle sheath cell and is split into carbon dioxide and a 3-carbon compound. This carbon dioxide then enters the Calvin cycle. Thus the correct answer is option D.

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