NEET Exam  >  NEET Tests  >  Biology Class 12  >  31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - NEET MCQ

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - NEET MCQ


Test Description

20 Questions MCQ Test Biology Class 12 - 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 for NEET 2024 is part of Biology Class 12 preparation. The 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 questions and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus.The 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 MCQs are made for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 below.
Solutions of 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 questions in English are available as part of our Biology Class 12 for NEET & 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 solutions in Hindi for Biology Class 12 course. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for NEET Exam by signing up for free. Attempt 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 | 20 questions in 20 minutes | Mock test for NEET preparation | Free important questions MCQ to study Biology Class 12 for NEET Exam | Download free PDF with solutions
31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 1

The production of gametes by the parents, formation of zygotes, the F1 and F2 plants, can be understood from a diagram called:   [2021]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 1

The production of gametes by the parents, the formation of the zygotes, the F1 and F2 plants can be understood from a diagram called Punnett Square. It helps in identifying the possible allelic combinations.


Fig: Punnett Square

Topic in NCERT: Punnett Square and Genetic Crosses

Line in NCERT: "the production of gametes by the parents, the formation of the zygotes, the F and F₂ plants can be understood from a diagram called Punnett Square as shown in Figure 4.4."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 2

Experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance was done by:   [2020]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 2

Thomas Hunt Morgan, who studied fruit flies, provided the first strong confirmation of the chromosome theory. “Morgan discovered a mutation that affected fly eye color. The chromosome theory of inheritance states that genes are found at specific locations on chromosomes, and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis can explain Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Topic in NCERT: PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

Line in NCERT: "Following this synthesis of ideas, experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan and his colleagues, led to discovering the basis for the variation that sexual reproduction produced."

1 Crore+ students have signed up on EduRev. Have you? Download the App
31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 3

The frequency of recombination between gene present on the same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes was explained by    [2019]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 3

Alfred Sturtevant used the frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes.

Topic in NCERT: Linkage and Recombination

Line in NCERT: "His student Alfred Sturtevant used the frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes and 'mapped' their position on the chromosome."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 4

A cell at telophase stage is observed by a student in a plant brought from the field. He tells his teacher that this cell is not like other cells at telophase stage. There is no formation of cell plate and thus the cell is containing more number of chromosomes as compared to other dividing cells. This would result in:         [2016]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 4

This phenomenon is known as Polyploidy, wherein the cells contain more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes, which is often seen in the case of plants.

The major cause of polyploidy is the non - disjunction of sister chromatids during meiotic recombination.


Fig: Polyploidy can make fruits bigger in size

Topic in NCERT: Cytokinesis and Chromosomal Abnormalities

Line in NCERT: "Failure of cytokinesis after telophase stage of cell division results in an increase in a whole set of chromosomes in an organism and, this phenomenon is known as polyploidy."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 5

In a testcross involving F1 dihybrid flies, more parental-type offspring were produced than the recombinant-type offspring. This indicates ______.       [2016]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 5

When two genes in a dihybrid cross are situated on the same chromosome, the proportion of parental gene combinations are much higher than the non-parental or recombinant type. This is also called incomplete linkage.

Topic in NCERT: Linkage and Recombination

Line in NCERT: "the proportion of parental gene combinations were much higher than the non-parental type."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 6

Pick out the correct statements :        [2016]

(a) Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease.
(b) Down's syndrome is due to aneuploidy.
(c) Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive gene disorder.
(d) Sickle cell anaemia is a X-linked recessive gene disorder.

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 6

Sickle cell anemia is not an X-linked recessive gene disorder. It is a point mutation caused by a point change in the sixth nitrogenous base pair.

Statements (a), (b) and (c)  are correct.

Hence, option D is correct.

Topic in NCERT: Mendelian Disorders

Line in NCERT: "Haemophilia: This sex linked recessive disease, which shows its transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of the male progeny has been widely studied." "Sickle-cell anaemia: This is an autosome linked recessive trait that can be transmitted from parents to the offspring when both the partners are carrier for the gene (or heterozygous)." "Phenylketonuria, Thalassemia, etc. It is important to mention here that such Mendelian disorders may be dominant or recessive."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 7

Match the terms in Column-I with their description in Column-II and choose the correct option : [2016] 

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 7
  • Dominance means in a heterozygous pair of alleles, one allele suppresses the influence of another and dominates the trait.
    Example: Tt is tall because of the dominance of the T allele.
  • Codominance means when in a heterozygous pair both the alleles are equally dominant.
    Example: Blood group AB.
  • Pleiotropy means when a gene influences more than one character.
    Example: The appearance of a vestigial wing and eye colour in a fruit fly.
  • Polygenic inheritance is defined as quantitative inheritance, where multiple independent genes have an additive or similar effect on a single quantitative trait.

Hence, Option B is correct.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 8

A tall true breeding garden pea plant is crossed with a dwarf true breeding garden pea plant. When the F1 plants were selfed the resulting genotypes were in the ratio of:                [2016]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 8


Phenotypic ratio : 3: 1 (Tall :Dwarf) Genotypic Ratio: 1:2:1 (Homozygous Tall : Heterozygous Tall : Dwarf) 

Topic in NCERT: Mendelian Genetics

Line in NCERT: "From the Punnett square it is easily seen that 1/4th of the random fertilisations lead to TT, 1/2 lead to Tt and 1/4th to tt. This leads to a phenotypic ratio of 3/4th tall: (1/4 TT + 1/2 Tt) and 1/4th tt, i.e., a 3:1 ratio, but a genotypic ratio of 1:2:1."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 9

Which of the following most appropriately describes haemophilia ?                      [2016]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 9

Hemophilia A and hemophilia B are inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The genes associated with these conditions are located on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chromosomes.

  • In males (who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons.
  • In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation would have to occur in both copies of the gene to cause the disorder. Because it is unlikely that females will have two altered copies of this gene, it is very rare for females to have hemophilia.
Topic in NCERT: Haemophilia

Line in NCERT: "Haemophilia: This sex linked recessive disease, which shows its transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of the male progeny has been widely studied."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 10

In the following human pedigree, the filled symbols represent the affected individuals. Identify the type of given pedigree.    [2015 RS]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 10

The given pedigree shows the autosomal recessive disorder. In this disorder, the individual inherits two mutated genes, one from each parent. This disorder is usually passed on by two earners.

The carriers have a 25% chance of having an unaffected child with normal genes, 50% chance of having an unaffected child who also is a carrier and a 25% chance of having an affected child with recessive genes.

Topic in NCERT: Pedigree Analysis

Line in NCERT: "By pedigree analysis one can easily understand whether the trait in question is dominant or recessive."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 11

In his classic experiments on pea plants, Mendel did not use:                [2015 RS]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 11

Mendel used seven pea plant traits in his hybridization experiments:
(i) Flower colour (purple or white)
(ii) Flower position (axil or terminal)
(iii) Stem length (long or short)
(iv) Seed shape (round or wrinkled)
(v) Seed colour (yellow or green)
(vi) Pod shape (inflated or constricted)
(vii) Pod colour (yellow or green). 

Hence, Pod length is not included.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 12

 Alleles are :                             [2015 RS]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 12

Alleles are defined as alternative form of same gene. Humans are called diploid organisms because they have two alleles at each genetic locus, with one allele inherited from each parent.

Fig: Contrasting alleles for eye color on the same gene

Topic in NCERT: GENES AND ALLELES

Line in NCERT: "Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles, i.e., they are slightly different forms of the same gene."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 13

Which is the most common mechanism of genetic variation in the population of sexually reproducing organism?         [2015 RS]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 13
  • The most common cause of variations is recombination in the organism which are reproduced sexually. 
  • During meiosis in sexual organisms, two homologous chromosomes cross over and exchange genetic material. 
  • It is a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combinations of alleles.
  • This recombination process creates genetic diversity at the level of genes that reflects differences in the DNA sequences of different organisms.


Fig: Recombination in Homologous chromosomes

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 14

How many pairs of contrasting characters in pea plants were studied by Mendel in his experiments ?         [2015 RS]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 14

Seven pairs of contrasting characters were selected in pea plant and studied by Mendel in his experiment. 

Topic in NCERT: MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE

Line in NCERT: "Mendel selected 14 true-breeding pea plant varieties, as pairs which were similar except for one character with contrasting traits."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 15

 Fruit colour in squash is an example of: [2014]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 15
  • Epistasis is the phenomenon of suppression of phenotypic expression of a gene by a non-allelic gene which shows its own effect.
  • A dominant epistatic allele suppresses the expression of a non-allelic gene whether the latter is dominant or recessive.

Example: fruit colour of Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo) is governed by a gene that produces yellow colour in the dominant state (Y-) and green colour in the recessive state (yy). 


Fig: Epistasis in Squash Fruit

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 16

In a population of 1000 individuals 360 belong to genotype AA, 480 to Aa and the remaining 160 to aa. Based on this data, the frequency of allele A in the population is:     [2014]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 16

According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,

p2 + 2pq + q2  = 1

where p2 is the frequency of homozygous genotype AA
q2 is the frequency of genotype aa
pq is the frequency of genotype Aa

There are 1000 individuals, out of which 360 belong to genotype AA.

p2  = 360/1000 = 0.36

Then p = 0.6.

So, the correct answer is '0.6'.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 17

A man whose father was colour blind marries a woman who had a colour blind mother and normal father. What percentage of male children of this couple will be colour blind?      [2013]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 17

As color blindness is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, for it is present at X -chromosome. Thus, according to the situation given in the question, a man whose father was color blind (will be, i.e, XY normal) marries a woman whose mother was color blind and father was normal (i.e, this woman will be a carrier) according to the cross given in the first figure.
Thus, when marriage will happen between a normal man and a carrier woman, in that case, the percentage of a male child to be colorblind is 25% (this can be easily observed from the second figure).So, the correct answer is '50%'.

 

Topic in NCERT: Colour Blindness

Line in NCERT: "Colour blindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder due to defect in either red or green cone of eye resulting in failure to discriminate between red and green colour. This defect is due to mutation in certain genes present in the X chromosome. It occurs in about 8 per cent of males and only about 0.4 per cent of females. This is because the genes that lead to red-green colour blindness are on the X chromosome. Males have only one X chromosome and females have two."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 18

If two pea plants having red (dominant) coloured flowers with unknown genotypes are crossed, 75% of the flowers are red and 25% are white. The genotypic constitution of the parents having red coloured flowers will be:  [2013]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 18

A cross is made between two pea plants in which one shows Red dominant flowers and the other genotype is not known. In the next generation, 75% of plants show red flowers and 25% of progeny are white flowers, i.e. the phenotype of parents is Rr and Rr.
Thus, both are heterozygous.

If two pea plants having red (dominant) coloured flowers wit
Fig: Cross between two heterozygous red dominant flowers

Topic in NCERT: Incomplete Dominance

Line in NCERT: "the F2 resulted in the following ratio 1 (RR) Red: 2 (Rr) Pink: 1 (rr) White."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 19

A colour blind man marries a woman with normal sight who has no history of colour blindness in her family. What is the probability of their grandson being colour blind?   [2012]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 19

Topic in NCERT: Colour Blindness

Line in NCERT: "Colour blindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder due to defect in either red or green cone of eye resulting in failure to discriminate between red and green colour."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 20

Conditions of a karyotype 2n +1, 2n –1 and  2n + 2, 2n – 2 are called:   [2012]

Detailed Solution for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 - Question 20

Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle results in the gain or loss of a chromosome(s), called aneuploidy. Aneuploidy arises due to non-disjunction of homologous chromosome.
Aneuploidy is of four types:

  • Monosomy = 2n – 1
  • Nullisomy = 2n – 2
  • Trisomy = 2n + 1
  • Tetrasomy = 2n + 2
Topic in NCERT: Chromosomal Aberrations and Aneuploidy

Line in NCERT: "Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle results in the gain or loss of a chromosome(s), called aneuploidy."

100 videos|294 docs|185 tests
Information about 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 Page
In this test you can find the Exam questions for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1 solved & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving Questions and answers for 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Principles of Inheritance & Variation - 1, EduRev gives you an ample number of Online tests for practice

Top Courses for NEET

100 videos|294 docs|185 tests
Download as PDF

Top Courses for NEET