31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: The Living World- 2 - NEET MCQ

Scientists name animals and plants using the system that describes the genus and species of the organism. The first word is the genus and the second is the species. The first word is capitalized and the second is not. A binomial name means that it's made up of two words (bi-nomial).

Line in NCERT: "Each name has two components the Generic name and the specific epithet. This system of providing a name with two components is called Binomial nomenclature."

Species is the basic unit of classification. It is defined as a group of natural populations whose members can interbreed among themselves and are reproductively isolated from other such groups. May (1964) defined species as “a group of actually or potentially interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups”.

Line in NCERT: "Taxonomic studies consider a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities as a species."

The adoption by biologists of a system of strictly binomial nomenclature is due to Swedish botanist and physician Carl von Linne, more commonly known by his Latinized name Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778).

Line in NCERT: "This naming system given by Carolus Linnaeus is being practised by biologists all over the world."

Carl linnaeus was the swedish naturalist and explorer who was the first to frame principles for defining natural genera and spaces of organisms and to create a uniform system for naming them it's known as (Binomial Nomenclature).

Line in NCERT: "This naming system given by Carolus Linnaeus is being practised by biologists all over the world."

 Binomial Nomenclature means the scientific name of any organism consist of a generic epithet and a specific epithet. Generic name starts with capital letter and specific name with small letter. Both the names are written in Italics. Or underlined in manuscripts.

Line in NCERT: "This system of providing a name with two components is called Binomial nomenclature."

With the discovery of more and more organisms, sometimes, it becomes difficult to adjust an organism to the traditional categories. Therefore to make taxonomic position of a species more precise, the various obligate categories in hierarchical classification are explained below Division —→ Class —→ Order —→ Family —→ Genus —→ Species

Line in NCERT: "The taxonomic categories from species to kingdom have been shown in ascending order starting with species in Figure 1.1."

Taxonomy is a branch of biology, which deals with the study of the collection, identification, nomenclature and classification of living organisms. The basis of classification is by the comparison of the similarities and differences of the morphological, anatomical, physiological and some other characteristics of the organism. 

Taxon is a taxonomic group of any ranking . because in taxonomic hierarchy we can take any individual group of the seven as a taxon. but they all seven taxa differ in the level of ranking.

Line in NCERT: "Each category, referred to as a unit of classification, in fact, represents a rank and is commonly termed as taxon (pl.: taxa)."

Species is the basic unit for understanding taxonomy, that occupies a key position. It is defined as a dynamic genetically distinct group of organisms, which resemble each other in all respect and freely interbreed among themselves to produce fertile offsprings.

Line in NCERT: "All organisms, including those in the plant and animal kingdoms have species as the lowest category."

Linnaeus evolved a system of nomenclature called the binomial system of nomenclature. In this system, the organism is named with two words, the first word provides the name of the genus and the second word provides the name of the species the organism belongs to.

Line in NCERT: "This system of providing a name with two components is called Binomial nomenclature."