AWES TGT Chemistry Mock Test - 8 - AWES TGT/PGT MCQ

Solinas, a startup incubated at IIT Madras, developed India’s first septic tank cleaning robot, Homosep Atom, addressing manual scavenging issues. The DST-TBI-supported innovation reaches 16 cities, offering end-to-end solutions for sewer cleaning, reducing costs and promoting robotic cleaning. Solinas specializes in deep-tech, climate tech solutions, including miniature robots addressing water and sanitation challenges. Their technologies, like Endobot and Swasth AI, serve as diagnostic tools, identifying and mitigating water contamination, blockages, and sewer overflows, contributing to societal development and environmental sustainability.

Indian and Sri Lankan coast guard ships recently joined the Maldives for Exercise Dosti 16, a trilateral coast guard exercise held every two years since 1991. Sri Lanka joined in 2012, and the 16th edition involves the Coast Guards of India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives, with observers from Bangladesh. The exercise focuses on mutual operational capability, interoperability, and cooperation in scenarios like sea accidents and pollution. India’s participation includes ICGS Samarth, ICGS Abhinav, and ICG Dornier.

Japan became the first country to launch an electromagnetic railgun from an offshore vessel on October 17, 2023. The Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) in collaboration with the Acquisition Technology & Logistics Agency (ATLA), a division of the Japanese Ministry of Defense, successfully test-fired a medium-calibre maritime electromagnetic railgun from an offshore platform.

The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Initiative on Digital Health (GIDH) as part of India’s G20 presidency. The initiative aims to democratize digital health technologies, featuring components such as a country needs tracker and a transformation toolbox. Union Health Minister Mandaviya highlighted its role in creating an institutional framework for digital health, while Bagchi emphasized India’s digital response during the pandemic. WHO Director-General Dr Tedros emphasized GIDH’s support in addressing health system fragmentation and overlap, promoting global digital health standards.

Lough Neagh, the largest freshwater lake in the British Isles, faces an alarming ecosystem collapse in 2024, marked by the absence of its native fly. Situated in East-central Northern Ireland, covering 392 sq km with a 5,700 sq km catchment area, it serves as a crucial water source, supplying over 40% of Northern Ireland’s drinking water. Known for Europe’s largest wild eel fishery and hosting 100 bird species, it holds cultural and archaeological significance as a jewel in the region.

NASA and Japan’s space agency, JAXA, are planning to launch the world’s first wooden satellite, LignoSat, in 2024. The satellite is designed to reduce space debris and is made of biodegradable magnolia wood, known as Hoonoki in Japanese. The satellite is being developed by scientists at Kyoto University. First tests have been performed in space-simulating laboratories, and wood samples found no signs of damage, decomposition, or mass changes. The initiative aims to make spaceflight operations more sustainable and pave the way for a more sustainable future in orbit.

The New York Times (NYT) has taken legal action against OpenAI and Microsoft, accusing them of unauthorized usage of its copyrighted content for AI model training, notably ChatGPT. This legal dispute highlights the broader debate on intellectual property rights in the generative AI era.

South Korea experienced a further decline in its fertility rate, reaching a record low of 0.72 in 2023. This exacerbates concerns about population decline and highlights socio-economic factors influencing birth rates, such as career advancement concerns and financial burdens.

Learning disability is a neurological disorder that impairs the ability to receive and process information. Today, more than ever, the need for instructors who are both capable and knowledgeable about teaching children with disabilities is critical.

The teacher's role is to empower every student irrespective of their diversity is important. Diversity among learners could be with reference to their learning abilities, socio-economic backgrounds, cultural variations or even emotional behavioural characteristics.

Key Points

• The system of education calls for providing equal opportunity to every child for optimal development. “Inclusive Education” has emerged as a guiding principle to envisage this vision.
• Inclusive Education is an approach to educating all children who are at risk for neglect in the education system. It expects that all learners learn together through access to common educational provisions.
• In our democratic country, equality of opportunity is guaranteed to the citizens. In spite of this constitutional right bestowed upon us, informal discrimination is commonly observed in our society. Restrictions are imposed upon individuals based on their deviation in social, economical, cultural, physical, intellectual and behavioural attributes. 
• Inclusive education helps the development of children in different ways. Students with specific challenges make gains in physical, cognitive and social development and motor skills. They do well when the general environment is adjusted to meet their needs.
• The practice can help overcome discrimination which is widespread in every sphere of society.
• Inclusive education can help break the cycle of poverty and exclusion.
• This practice can help to develop a learning and effective environment with the physical facilities and the support of trained teachers.

Hence, it can be concluded that "Educational policies" is not the barriers to Inclusive Education.

Lead does affect the kidney and CNS but its first target is RBC and through that onlt it travels inside the body to CNS and kidneys.

Superoxides: Superoxides are a class of compounds that contain the superoxide anion, which has the chemical formula O2-. In superoxides, the oxidation number of oxygen is -1/2.

• The reason the oxidation number of oxygen in superoxides is -1/2 is because of the unique way in which the electrons are distributed in the superoxide ion. Each superoxide ion is composed of two oxygen atoms. However, these two oxygen atoms share one electron, resulting in an overall charge of -1 for the entire ion. Therefore, each oxygen atom effectively has a charge of -1/2.
• Some common examples of superoxides include potassium superoxide (KO₂) and rubidium superoxide (RbO₂). These are often used in life-support systems to generate oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.
• It's important to note that the oxidation number of oxygen can vary depending on the specific compound in which it is found. For instance, in peroxides (like hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂), the oxidation state of oxygen is -1. In most other compounds, including water, the oxidation state of oxygen is typically -2.
• When oxygen is bonded to fluorine, the oxidation state of oxygen is positive since fluorine is more electronegative. When oxygen is bonded to metals, the oxidation state is typically -2, as metals are usually less electronegative than oxygen.

Key Point: In superoxides, the oxidation state of each oxygen atom is -1/2 due to the sharing of one electron between two oxygen atoms in the superoxide ion.

(a.c.d) Regardlessvehether a cell is a volatic or an electrolysis cell, anode s the electrode at which oxidation takes place and cathode is the electrode at which reduction takes place. In electrochemical cell, Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e^- .

It is losing electrons thus, anode is negative terminal. In electrolysis cell. cation migrates to cathode thus -ye terminal. anion migrates to anode thus +ve terminal. 

= 2.53/106   2.59 × 10^-2  5.9 × 10^-2
0.238 × 0.25          = 1.18 × 10^-3

250 ml - 0.238

= 0.955

0.955  0.955 

BeO is amphoteric due to its diogional similarly with Al

The enthalpies of fusion for all reactions are always positive because melting of a solid is an endothermic process in which heat is supplied to the reaction Hence the sum of enthalpies of the product is greater than the sum of enthalpies of the reactant.

Reducing power of Zn increases as :
alcohol < H₂O < H₂O / H⁺

(c)

Nearest neighbours are along the diagonal at the half distance apart, Diagonal AB = √3a

∴ Distance of the nearest neighbour

Next nearest neighbours are along the cell edge = 520 pm

K-atom at the centre is surrounded by eight K-atoms as nearest neighbours.

In bcc, coordination number is six as next nearest neighbours

This is a case of dilution.

Thus, 3.846 L of 15.6 M solution is diluted to 10.0 L by addition of 6.154 L of H₂0.

x²  +  10^–4 x – 2 × 10^–8 = 0
x = 10^–4
[OH–] = x + 10^–4
= 2 × 10^–4

For ppt Q_sp > K_sp
CaF₂→ Ca²⁺+2F^–
Q_sp  = (Ca²⁺) (F^–)²
(A) Q_sp  = 12.5 × 10^–14
(B) Q_sp  = 12.5 × 10^–10
(C) Q_sp  = 12.5 × 10^–13
(D) Q_sp  = 12.5 × 10^–15
Only (B) option will get precipitate.

Water vapours gets adsorbed by Silica gel.

Be and Al forms compound with Cl as BeCl

The correct answer is Option A.

Under mild conditions (temperature ≈ - 80°C) kinetic product is the 1, 2-addition product and under vigorous conditions. (temp. ≈ 40°C) thermodynamic product is the 1 , 4-addition product. Thus, 1-bromo -2 - butene is the major product under given condition.

In the above reaction, all β-H are equivalent. Hence, a single alkene is formed in E2 reaction

 The principal quantum number, n, gives the shell to which the electron belongs. The energy of the shell is dependent on ‘n’.