Assam Judicial Services Prelims Mock Test - 4 - Judiciary Exams MCQ

• Robert goes to the gym only two or three times a year, which indicates that it is a rare occurrence for him.
• Option D: "seldom" is the correct choice because it means that something happens very infrequently or rarely.
• Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe the frequency of Robert's gym visits as they indicate a higher frequency (always, never, usually).

 

Answer: D: seldom

The fact that ‘domestic cats defend their territories’ holds the context of the sentence. In this regard, only the word ‘territorial’ fits in the blank correctly.
This eliminates all other options.
Meanings of the given words:
Territorial (adjective): relating to the ownership of an area.
Timid (adjective): showing a lack of courage or confidence; easily frightened.
Social (adjective): relating to society or its organization.
So, the correct option is C. 

Let us first learn the meanings of the given words:

Span (verb): extend across.

Extend (verb): cause to cover a wider area or make larger.

Vary (verb): differ in size, amount, degree, or nature from something else of the same general class.

Range (verb): extend between specified limits.

The idea here is to express that there was a huge range of reasons why the protests in China had started. Grammatically only a verb in ‘-ing’ form will fit the blank, this eliminates ‘span’, ‘extended’ and ‘vary’. Now, between ‘scoping’ and ‘ranging’, ‘ranging’ is a better option to be placed before ‘from’.

Hence, option d is correct.

Punjab literally means "(The Land of) Five Waters" referring to the following rivers: the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas which flow through it.

Ravi River, in northwestern India and northeastern Pakistan, one of the five tributaries of the Indus River that give Punjab (meaning “Five Rivers”) its name. It rises in the Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh state, India, and flows west-northwest past Chamba, turning southwest at the boundary of Jammu and Kashmir state.

Beas River, Beas also spelled Bias, Sanskrit Vipasha, river in Himachal Pradesh, and Punjab states, northwestern India. It is one of the five rivers that give Punjab (“Five Rivers”) its name.

The Beas rises at an elevation of 14,308 feet (4,361 meters) at Rohtang Pass in the western (Punjab) Himalayas (a section of the vast Himalayas mountain range), in central Himachal Pradesh.

Two streams namely Chandra and Bhaga rise on the opposite sides of the Baralacha pass at an elevation of 4,891 meters and meet at Tandi at an elevation of 2,286 meters to form the river Chenab. The Chenab rises from the South-East and Bhaga from the North-West of the Baralacha pass.

It enters the Pangi valley of Chamba district near Bhujind and leaves the district at Sansari Nala to enter Podar valley of Kashmir. It flows in Himachal for 122 km. With its total length of 1,200 km., it has a catchment area of 61,000 sq. km., out of which 7,500 sq. km. lie in Himachal Pradesh.

It is the largest river of Himachal Pradesh in terms of volume of waters. The Chenab valley is a structural trough formed by the great Himalayan and Pir Panjal ranges

Concept:

Greenhouse Effect: The solar energy trapped by the earth atmosphere and radiate it slowly so to cover our earth with a warm blanket. This is the natural process of the greenhouse effect on earth to maintain its temperature and makes the earth perfect for life.

Greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases are methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide, CFCs and ozone. 

Values of radiation absorbed by the greenhouse gases are as follow:

Explanation:

Global Warming

• An increase in the average temperature of the earth surface due to the greenhouse effect is called global warming
• It also refers to the increase in the average temperature of the air and sea at the earth's surface.
• The greenhouse gases combined increased the temperature of planet earth so the correct option is greenhouse gases.

Booth capturing is a type of electoral fraud in which party loyalists "capture" a polling booth and vote in place of legitimate voters to ensure that their candidate wins.

• Statement 1 is correct: The Gupta era saw a more developed judicial system, with civil and criminal laws clearly demarcated, indicating advancements in legal frameworks.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Guilds of artisans and merchants were actually governed by their own laws rather than state laws, allowing them autonomy in managing internal affairs and maintaining discipline.
• Statement 3 is correct: The involvement of Brahmanas in the judicial process alongside kings underscores the influence of the varna system on governance and legal proceedings.

The correct answer is Sangat Singh Gilzian.

Key Points

• Sangat Singh Gilzian is a Minister of forest and Wildlife in the Government of Punjab, India, and a member of the Indian National Congress.
• He is also handling the Labour ministry.

Additional Information

• Manpreet Singh Badal is an Indian politician and leader of the Indian National Congress. He is the current Finance Minister of Punjab.
• Rana Gurjeet Singh is handling the
  • Technical Education & Industrial Training
  • Employment Generation & Training
  • Horticulture
  • Soil & Water Conservation ministries.
• Charanjit Singh Channi is the 16th and current Chief Minister of Punjab.

• The correct answer is 846.

Key Points

• The sex ratio of Punjab for the 0-6 age group is 846.

Additional Information

• Child Sex Ratio:
  • The Child Sex Ratio is the number of females for 1000 males in the 0–6-year-old age range.
  • India’s child sex ratio was 927 in the 2001 census, but it dropped to 918 in 2011.
  • According to the 2011 census, Arunachal Pradesh has the greatest child sex ratio (972 per thousand males) among Indian states, while Haryana has the lowest child sex ratio (834 per thousand males).
  • Andaman and Nicobar Islands has the highest child sex ratio among India’s Union Territories, at 968 per thousand men.
  • For any demographic situation, the current child sex ratio is crucial since it will decide the total sex ratio in the coming years.

P is male member and married to Q.
P is husband and Q is wife.
R is brother of P.
S is the son of R.
T, who is the sister of S will be daughter of R.
Q is the daughter-in-law of U, whose husband has died means U is the mother of P.

The investigating officer during the investigation records the statements of a witness under Section 161 of Cr.P.C.
Section 161 - Examination of witnesses by police: The police officer investigating the case may reduce into writing any statement made to him by the witness in the course of an examination; and if he does so, he shall make a separate and true record of the statement of each such person whose statement he records.

A newly independent state is not bound by any earlier treaties, except those determining boundaries.
As per the Vienna Convention, a newly independent state is not bound to maintain in force or to become a party to, any treaty by reason only of the fact that at the time of succession of the states the treaty was in force in respect of the territory to which the succession of states relates.

It is in the interest of justice that a party should bring forward its whole case in respect of the matter in suit. The matter directly and substantially in issue may either be actually in issue or constructively in issue and both the matters constitute 'res judicata' if the same were in issue in the former suit and is also in issue in the subsequent suit.
Explanation IV to Section 11 says that any matter which might or ought to have been made a ground of defence or attack in the former suit shall be deemed to have been a matter constructively in issue in that suit.
Thus, if a matter which might and ought to have been raised by the plaintiff in the former suit is not raised by him there, he would be estopped from raising the same question in a subsequent suit between the same parties.

Battery is an example of an intentional tort. Intentional torts refer to actions that are taken intentionally and with the purpose of causing harm to another person. Battery is the intentional and harmful physical contact with another person, without their consent. Negligence refers to a failure to take reasonable care in one's actions, while slip and fall is a type of personal injury claim that typically arises from a property owner's failure to maintain safe conditions. Breach of contract is a civil wrong that arises when one party fails to uphold their obligations under a contract.

(i) The doctrine of eclipse means that an existing law inconsistent with a fundamental right, though becomes inoperative from the date of the commencement of the Constitution, is not dead altogether. The rule originated in the case of Bhikaji v. State of M.P.
(ii) The doctrine of severability has been elaborately considered by the Supreme Court in R.M.D.C. v. Union of India, and the essential rules regarding the question of severability have been laid down.
(iii) The doctrine of waiver is based on the premise that a person is his best judge and that he has the liberty to waive the enjoyment of such rights as are conferred on him by the State. It was held in the case of Basheshar Nath v. Commissioner of Income Tax that there could be no waiver, not only of the fundamental right enshrined in Article 14 but also of any other fundamental right guaranteed by Part III of the Constitution.
(iv) The doctrine of pith and substance states that where the question arises of determining whether a particular law relates to a particular subject, the court looks to the substance of the matter. In the case of State of Bombay v. F. N. Balsara, the court upheld the doctrine of pith and substance and said that it is important to ascertain the true nature and character of legislation for the purpose of determining the list under which the particular legislation falls.

Section 272 of the Indian Penal Code provides for punishment for the adulteration of food or drink intended for sale.
This section of the code provides that whoever adulterates any article of food or drink, so as to make such article noxious as food or drink, intending to sell such article as food or drink, or knowing it to be likely that the same will be sold as food or drink, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.

The main aim of compensating the plaintiff in intentional tort cases is to restore the plaintiff to their original position before the tort occurred. The purpose of compensatory damages is to compensate the plaintiff for the harm or losses suffered as a result of the defendant's intentional actions. This may include damages for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and property damage.
While punishing the defendant and setting a precedent for future cases may be secondary effects of compensating the plaintiff in intentional tort cases, the primary aim is to restore the plaintiff to their original position.

The reasonable time has passed. So, the offer is valid at the option of investor only.

The objective theory of negligence is given by Frederick Pollock and according to him, negligence is an objective fact and it is not based on the state of mind or mens rea as described by Salmond. However, he insisted that negligence is a particular kind of conduct. It is the breach of duty to care and by saying to care means to take all possible precaution against those actions which can result in injury or any harm to other.

Provisions of set-off are specified in CPC under Order VIII Rule 6.
If there are mutual debts between a plaintiff and a defendant in a proceeding, the defendant may, by way of defence, set-off against the plaintiff's claim any debt owed by the plaintiff to the defendant that was due and payable at the time the defence of set-off was filed.

Retention of money deposited with advocate for the decree holder even after execution proceedings was held as an instance of misconduct is held in the case of Prahlad Saran Gupta v. Bar Council of India. This is a case of Professional Misconduct.
The Bar Council rejected all other allegations against the appellant but found him guilty of professional misconduct for wrongfully retaining the amount deposited with him in connection with the settlement of the execution proceedings and also writing a letter to the advocate of the High Court asking him to help the judgment debtor in obtaining stay of the Execution proceedings. The Disciplinary Committee also found him guilty for drafting a notice against the Railways on behalf of a private party while he was a standing counsel for the Railways. However, this allegation was not there in the original complaint filed initially by the complainant. The Disciplinary Committee of the Bar Council of India imposed the punishment of suspension from practice for a period of one year holding the appellant guilty of serious professional misconduct. Being aggrieved, the appellant filed the present appeal.

Parties to the proceeding include not only those who appear on the record, but also persons who are not parties on the record, and they are interested in the subject matter of the suit.
Agents authorized by the parties, The statements of the agent are admissible against the principal according to law of agency or which govern the statements of coparcener. The agent, of course, should have expressed or implied authority to make such statement and the statements of the agent can bind the principal only during the continuance of the agency.
Under section 18(1) the statements of persons who, though not parties to the proceeding, have a pecuniary or proprietary interest in the subject matter, is relevant provided the statement is made by him in the character of a person jointly interested.
Statements made by parties to suits, suing or sued in a representative character, are not admissions.

The correct answer is the period of limitation computed in accordance with the Limitation Act.

Key Points

• Section 2(J) of the Limitation Act defines the period of limitation and the prescribed period.
• It states that period of limitation means the period of limitation prescribed for any suit, appeal or application by the Schedule, and prescribed period means the period of limitation computed in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

Section 90 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 talks about the presumption as to documents thirty years old. It says that where any document, purporting or proved to be thirty years old, is produced from any custody which the court in the particular case considers proper, the court may presume that the signature and every other part of such document, which purports to be in the handwriting of any particular person, is in that person's handwriting, and, in the case of a document executed or attested, that it was duly executed and attested by the persons by whom it purports to be executed and attested.