Biology: Topic-wise Test- 10 - NEET MCQ

• The taxonomic ranks in descending order are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.
• Higher taxon will comprise broader characteristic features and include features of its lower taxa.
• As a class would include order, family, genus and species.

The binomial nomenclature system, which involves giving each species a two-part scientific name, was introduced by Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, and zoologist.

Hence, the Correct Answer is C
NCERT Reference: Topic- Binomial Nomenclature from chapter "The Living world" of NCERT.

Species is the basic unit of classification and the organisms that share many features in common can breed among each other and produce offspring, are members of the same species.

The system of arranging taxonomic categories in a descending order based on their relationships with other group of organism is called hierarchy of categories.
There are seven main categories of hierarchies namely,

• Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and
• Species is the basic unit of classification

• In the hierarchical system of classification of plants, the taxonomic rank that typically ends in "aceae" is the family. 
• A family is a higher rank in the classification system, grouping together related genera. 
• The family name is often derived from the name of a prominent genus within that family. For example, the family Rosaceae includes the genera Rosa (roses), Malus (apples), and Prunus (cherries, plums, etc.). 
• Similarly, the family Poaceae includes the grasses, and the family Fabaceae includes legumes.

Hence, the Correct Answer is C
NCERT Reference: Topic- TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES from chapter "The Living world" of NCERT.

The 8 levels of modern taxonomy classification systems are Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

• The phylum is the highest level of classification or taxonomic rank that comes under the kingdom. As a result, the species in a phylum are more similar than the animals in the kingdom. 
• In addition, the phylum can be defined as the classification level above class.
• Animals belonging to a phylum have less similarities than those belonging to a class. As a result, the taxonomic unit 'Phylum' in animal classification is equivalent to the taxonomic unit 'Division' in plant classification.

Hence, the Correct Answer is D

NCERT Reference: Topic “Phylum” from chapter "The Living world"  of NCERT

Five kingdom classification was proposed by R.H. Whittaker in 1969.
The kingdoms identified by him were:

• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae  
• Animalia

Hence, the correct option is D
NCERT Reference: Topic- Five kingdom classification  of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

• Spirogyra has thin and flat ribbon-shaped chloroplasts. These chloroplasts are spirally coiled in the structure.
• The chloroplasts present in Spirogyra have one or more pyrenoids present over them.

Fig: Spirogyra

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: topic “ALGAE” of chapter Plant Kingdom.

Binomial system of nomenclature, proposed by Carolus Linnaeus, is the most accepted system of scientific naming which is practiced currently. This type of naming consists of two words taken from Latin origin.
There are four conventions which are followed while writing the scientific names. They are as follows:
(i) The first word out of the two words will be the genus whereas the second word would represent the specific epithet.
(ii) The name of the genus should start with the capital letter and the name of the species should start with a small letter.
(iii) The scientific name must be italicized, when printed
(iv) The scientific name must be separately underlined when it is hand written.
Example : It can be explained with the help of an example.
Panthera leo
It is the common name of the lion.
In this, the first word represents its genus- Panthera, while the second word represents the specific epithet- leo.
The scientific name has been italicized.

• The common forms of Brown algae or Phaeophyceae are Ectocarpus, Dictyota, Laminaria, Sargassum and Fucus. 
• The brown color of these algae is due to xanthophyll pigment called fucoxanthin.
• Laminaria is also called kelp. It is the largest and most complex brown algae.

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Topic “Phaeophyceae” of chapter Plant Kingdom.

• Annelids are triploblastic (three germ layers present) and possess a true coelom.
• The coelom is the fluid-filled body cavity present between the gut wall and body wall.
• Some of the examples of annelids are earthworms, leeches, etc.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic  Phylum – Annelida” of chapter Animal Kingdom

In Bryophytes, the sporophyte does not have a free-living stage. It is dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition and support. This contrasts with other plant groups like Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms, where the sporophyte is the dominant, free-living stage of the life cycle.

• Artificial classification is the oldest mode of classification in plantae kingdom.
• This classification laid the foundation for classification in plants.
• Artificial classification classifies closely related species under one category.
• However, in this mode of classification vegetative and sexual characteristics are given equal preference.

Taxon tiger represents the taxonomic category species. The tiger (Panthera Tigris) is the largest cat species, most recognizable for its pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside.

• Methanogens are a group of obligate anaerobic ancient and primitive bacteria.
• Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes and they are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals.
• They are involved in methanogenesis and produce methane gas.

Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Topic- Archaebacteria” of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

• Mycoplasma has no cell wall. It is parasite and is present in urogenital tract and blood smears.
• They are the smallest living cells and are capable of causing diseases.

Hece, the correct answer is C
NCERT Reference: Topic - Eubacteria” of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

• The spores of moss germinate to produce protonema. 
• From the protonema grows the gametophore ("gamete-bearer") that is differentiated into stems and leaves ('microphylls').
• From the tips of stems or branches develop the male and female gametophytes of the mosses.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic “Mosses” of chapter Plant Kingdom.

• A virus is an infectious agent that typically consists of the nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat. Nucleic acid could be either DNA or RNA.
• In our environment, viruses exist in two states - extracellular and intracellular.
• Extracellular before it invades the host cell and once the virus invades a host cell, it is in an intracellular state.
• Antibiotics can't kill viruses because viruses have a different structure and replicate in a different way.
• Antibiotics work by targeting the growth machinery in bacteria (Not viruses).

• The algae present in figure is Chlamydomonas which is a unicellular algae present in fresh water.
• Two flagella are attached to it that help in moving in water.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic “ALGAE” of chapter Plant Kingdom.

In Whittaker’s five kingdom of classification:

1. Kingdom protista 
2. Kingdom fungi 
3. Kingdom plantae
4. Kingdom animalia are eukaryotic organisms.

The kingdom monera includes prokaryotic organisms.

Hence, the correct option is D
NCERT Reference: Topic- Characteristics of the Five Kingdoms” of chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

Choanocytes are specialized cells that are found in sponges, which are multicellular animals belonging to the phylum Porifera. Choanocytes have a distinct structure that resembles a collar, which is why they are also commonly referred to as "collar cells."

• The term "flagellated cells" (option A) is not a correct synonym for choanocytes, as not all flagellated cells are choanocytes.
• "Amoeboid cells" (option C) and "epidermal cells" (option D) are also incorrect because they refer to different types of cells with different structures and functions in other contexts, and they are not synonyms for choanocytes.
• The most appropriate and commonly used term for choanocytes is "collar cells" (option B) due to their characteristic collar-like structure.

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference: Topic Phylum – Porifera” of chapter.Animal kingdom

The correct hierarchy of classification of various taxons in descending order is given by:
Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

The kingdom is the highest taxon with the least similar characters shared between its various members while species is the lowest level with almost similar morphological and behavioural similarities.

Species is followed by Genus with slightly fewer similarities among its members.

Hence, the Correct Answer is A

NCERT Reference: Topic “Taxonomic categories” from Chapter "The Living world" of NCERT

Solanum, Panthera, Homo are examples of Genera.
Example:

1. Potato → Genus: Solanum; 
   Species: tuberosum
2. Human → Genus: Homo;
   Species: sapiens
3. Lion → Genus: Panthera; 
   Species: leo

Hence, the Correct Answer is C

NCERT Reference: Topic “Genus” from Chapter "The Living world" of NCERT

Food is stored as complex carbohydrates, which may be in the form of laminarin or mannitol.

Refer to the below table for information about different types of Algae:

Hence, the correct option is D
NCERT Reference: Topic “Phaeophyceae” of chapter Plant Kingdom.

• Kingdom Protista has brought together Chlamydomonas, and Chlorella which was earlier placed in Algae (within plants and both having cell walls) with Paramoecium and Amoeba which were earlier placed in the animal kingdom which lacks cell wall.

Hence, the correct option is A
NCERT Reference: Topic - Kingdom Protista chapter "Biological Classification" of NCERT.

Mosses, being non-vascular plants, do not have a true vascular system like xylem and phloem found in higher plants for transporting water and nutrients. Instead, they absorb water and nutrients directly through their leaves, which is a characteristic adaptation to their environment. 

• Heterospory refers to the production of spores of two different sizes and developmental patterns: microspores for males and megaspores for females.
• Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia which produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and micro (small) spores are known as heterosporous.

Fig: Heterosporous pteridophytes

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Topic “PTERIDOPHYTES” of chapter Plant Kingdom.

Artificial classification is based on morphological structures of the plant i.e. artificial classification focuses on external structure of the plants than their internal structure.

Angiosperms are known for having a double fertilization process. This unique feature involves two sperm cells; one fertilizes the egg to form the zygote, while the other fuses with two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm, which nourishes the developing embryo. Double fertilization is a key characteristic that distinguishes angiosperms from other plant groups.

The ability to respond to environmental stimuli is indeed a fundamental characteristic of all living organisms, distinguishing them from non-living things