CG TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 (Social Science) - CG TET MCQ

Emotion is a mental state associated with fear, anger, love, etc. Cognition is the process of acquiring knowledge through experiences and senses. 
Cognition describes how mental processes i.e. learning, remembering, problem-solving, and thinking develop from birth until adulthood. Understanding cognitive development is useful in determining the kind of thinking children are capable of at different age levels.

• The relationship between cognition and emotion has fascinated important thinkers within the intellectual tradition. Physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development in a child is the development of an integrated and holistic fashion.
• Cognition is closely intertwined with emotions and language. Mind states are powerful determinants of one’s current judgments and decision-making, which often effect once performance outcome in a task both in social and non-social contexts.
• Emotions or emotional approach is a psychological construct that involves the use of emotional processing and emotional expression in response to a different situation.
• The relationship between cognition and emotions is bi-directional - a dynamic interplay.
• Emotions are experienced as positive feelings, negative feelings, and undesired reactions to any stressful situation, these often impact decision making i.e. cognition.
• The Emotional Approach involves the conscious use of emotional expression and processing to better deal with stressful situations.

So, the relationship between cognition and emotions is bi-directional i.e. a dynamic interplay between both cognition and emotions.

Focussing too much on the result will actually have an adverse effect and will add to the anxiety quotient. Focussing on process rather than outcome is a much better strategy.

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में 'हिरन' का पर्यायवाची शब्द 'सारंग' है। अत: विकल्प 'सारंग' इसका सही उत्तर है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। 

सफाई शब्द में प्रत्यय "ई" प्रत्यय है।
सफ़ाई: सफ़ा + ई
सफ़ा शब्द अरबी भाषा का शब्द है।

उच्चारण शिक्षण के अन्तर्गत मौखिक अभिव्यक्ति में प्रयुक्त अक्षरों की ध्वनियों का सही प्रयोग आता है। यदि हम विचारों एवं भावों की अभिव्यक्ति के समय ध्वनि का उच्चारण उसके निश्चित स्थान से नहीं करेंगे तो हमारी अभिव्यक्ति दोषपूर्ण और मौखिक भाषा निरर्थक व प्रभावहीन हो जायेगी।

बहुभाषिकता: भिन्न-भिन्न प्रांतों के बच्चों द्वारा अलग-अलग प्रकार की भाषा बोले जाने को भाषायी विविधता या बहु-भाषिकता कहा जाता है। बहु-भाषिकता भारत की संस्कृति का अभिन्न अंग है।

राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020, 21वीं सदी की पहली शिक्षा नीति है और इसका उद्देश्य हमारे देश की कई बढ़ती विकासात्मक अनिवार्यताओं को संबोधित करना है। इस नीति ने 34 वर्षीय राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति (एनपीई), 1986 का स्थान लिया है।
राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 की महत्वपूर्ण विशेषताएं: 

• नई नीति का उद्देश्य 2030 तक विद्यालयी शिक्षा में 100% सकल नामांकन अनुपात के साथ पूर्व-विद्यालय से माध्यमिक स्तर तक शिक्षा का सार्वभौमिकरण करना है।
• वर्तमान 10+2 प्रणाली को क्रमशः 3-8, 8-11, 11-14 और 14-18 वर्ष की आयु के अनुरूप एक नई 5+3+3+4 पाठ्यचर्या संरचना द्वारा प्रतिस्थापित किया जाना है। नई प्रणाली में तीन वर्ष की आंगनवाड़ी / पूर्व विद्यालयी के साथ 12 वर्ष की विद्यालयी शिक्षा होगी।
• नई नीति विद्यालयों और उच्च शिक्षा दोनों में बहुभाषावाद को बढ़ावा देती है क्योंकि बहुभाषी शिक्षा छात्रों को पढ़ाने के लिए छात्र की मातृभाषा या मूल भाषा का उपयोग करने पर जोर देती है क्योंकि यह अधिगम को प्रभावी बनाती है।
• नई शिक्षा नीति में प्राथमिक स्तर तक मातृभाषा, स्थानीय या क्षेत्रीय भाषा में पढ़ाई का माध्यम रखने की बात कही गई है. इसे क्लास आठ या उससे आगे भी बढ़ाया जा सकता है. विदेशी भाषाओं की पढ़ाई माध्यमिक स्तर पर होगी. हालांकि नई शिक्षा नीति में यह भी कहा गया है कि किसी भी भाषा को थोपा नहीं जाएगा।
• बहुसांस्कृतिक शिक्षा का उपयोग करने वाली कक्षाएँ छात्रों को उनकी मूल भाषाओं में सीखने में मदद करने के लिए विभिन्न रणनीतियों का उपयोग करती हैं। NEP, 2020 नियमित, रचनात्मक और योग्यता-आधारित की सिफारिश करता है और 'अधिगम के लिए आकलन' पर केंद्रित है।

अतः यह निष्कर्ष निकलता है की राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति, 2020 विदेशी भाषाओं के अध्ययन की अनुशंसा माध्यमिक स्तर पर अतिरिक्त विकल्प के रूप में करती है।

हिंदी शिक्षण के सामान्य उद्देश्य श्रवण, वाक, पठन एवं लेखन कौशलों का विकास है। इन उद्देश्यों को हम तीन वर्गों में वर्गीकृत कर सकते हैं-
ये तीन वर्ग निम्नलिखित है:

• ग्रह्यात्मक उद्देश्य - बालक का भाषा विशेष के प्रति सम्यक समझ का विकास करना ग्रह्यात्मक उद्देश्य कहलाता है। इसके अन्तर्गत श्रवण तथा पठन कौशल का विकास आता है।
• अभिव्यंजनात्मक उद्देश्य - भाषा को अपने शब्दों में व्यक्त करने की क्षमता के विकास को भाषा का अभिव्यंजनात्मक उद्देश्य कहते हैं। इसके अन्तर्गत वाचन तथा लेखन कौशल का विकास आता है।
• सृजनात्मक उद्देश्य - हिंदी में रचनात्मक कार्य करने की दक्षता का विकास करना हिंदी शिक्षण का सृजनात्मक उद्देश्य माना जाता है। इस उद्देश्य को प्राप्त करने के अन्तर्गत हिंदी साहित्य की विभिन्‍न विधाओं, यथा -कहानी, कविता, निबंध, पत्र, उपन्यास, डायरी, रिपोर्ट आदि के लेखन के लिए प्रोत्साहित करना आता है।

अतः निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि भाषा के प्रति सम्यक समझ का विकास करना हिंदी भाषा शिक्षण का ग्रह्यात्मक उद्देश्य है।

बच्चे प्रारंभ से ही बहुभाषिक होते हैं। 3 वर्ष के बच्चें में एकभाषिक, द्विभाषिक या बहुभाषिक दक्षता बच्चे के भाषा समृद्ध परिवेश पर निर्भर करती है।
बच्चा जिस परिवेश में रहता उस परिवेश में बोली जाने वाली भाषा स्वभाविक रूप से सीख लेता है। दो या तीन वर्ष का बच्चा अपने परिवेश से अनायास ही व्याकरण युक्त भाषा सीख लेता है। बच्चे प्रारंभ से ही बहुभाषिक होते हैं, उनके पास अपना एक आंतरिक व्याकरण होता है। दो या अधिक भाषायी परिवेश में रहने वाले बच्चें स्कूल आने से पूर्व ही दो या अधिक भाषाओं को समझने और बोलने की क्षमता रखते हैं।

There are many strategies or processes of reading in a fashion which makes reading an interesting and productive activity and 'Bottom-up approach' is one of them.

Standardised assessment means summative assessment. Summative assessment (or summative evaluation) refers to the assessment of participants where the focus is on the outcome of a programme. This contrasts with formative assessment, which summarises the participants' development at a particular time.

"She is so weak and so she cannot walk."
It will be the correct answer because a complex sentence is a sentence that combines one independent clause with at least one dependent clause. Here, 'she is so weak' is the independent clause and 'so she cannot walk' is the dependent clause.

Azure is a variation of sky blue colour.

Children seem to pass through a series of more or less fixed ‘stages’, as they acquire language. The age at which different children reach each stage can vary considerably, however, the order of ‘stages’ remains the same.

Forty-four sounds are there in the English language.
Part of what makes English difficult to learn is that each letter in the alphabet can represent more than one sound. In addition, the English alphabet only has 26 letters, yet it represents 44 sounds. Many English phonemes are represented by two or three letters working together to represent one sound.

Noam Chomsky, known as the father of modern linguistics, has made a crucial contribution in the field of linguistics.
Let's understand Chomsky's view about language in brief:

• Innate ability: He strongly believes that children are born with an innate knowledge of grammar that serves as the basis for all language acquisition.
• Generative grammar: According to Chomsky it refers to a finite set of rules to generate sentences and can be used to produce more sentences in that language.
• Universal grammar: Chomsky's universal grammar suggests that all children have an innate ability to acquire, understand and develop grammar.
• Language Acquisition Device: Chomsky proposed that humans are equipped with a language acquisition device that enables a child to acquire and produce language.

A brief description of other psychologists:

So, Noam Chomsky is associated with ‘language development'.

Here, erratic means unpredictable.
Right means proper and expected. So, it is the opposite word to 'erratic'.

The initial lines of the first paragraph state, "The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o’clock."

This option is correct because the construction of Audience Hall aimed to communicate that the king's justice would treat the high and the low as equals creating a world where all could live together in harmony.

Focus on summative as well as formative assessments, objectives and activities of learning ensure positive outcome of the course.

• Veda Samaj was established by Keshab Chandra Sen and K. Sridharalu Naidu.
• Established in Madras (Chennai) in 1864. 
• The Veda Samaj was inspired by the Brahmo Samaj.
• An important ideology of the members of Veda Samaj was regarding marriage and the funeral rituals as matters of routine, destitute of all religious significance.

In Select Education Survey, GOI 2003-2004, SC and ST girls leave school at a rate that is higher than the category ‘All Girls’. This means that girls who are from Dalit and Adivasi backgrounds are less likely to remain in school.

• The Chief Justice of India officially the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India, is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India as well as the highest-ranking officer of the Indian federal judiciary. 
• The Constitution of India grants power to the president of India to appoint, in consultation with the outgoing chief justice, the next chief justice, who will serve until they reach the age of sixty-five or are removed by impeachment. 

The aims and objectives of teaching history have undergone changes with the shift in the philosophical thinking of the time and changes in social and political practices. Education is the process of bringing about desirable changes in the behavior of pupils. The idea of desirable changes has varied at different times in accordance with the dominant philosophical creed of the society and prevalent social and political practices.

A project is a whole-hearted purposeful activity proceeding in a social environment. In the project method, teaching and learning are considered from the child’s point of view and in this method knowledge and skills are learned by pupils through practical handling of problems in their natural setting.

All the oceans of the world are connected with each other, so the level of the sea water remains the same everywhere. Therefore, the elevation of land is taken from the level of the sea, which is taken as zero.

The study of human relations and betterment of society is a new concept in Social Sciences. Social sciences are essential to provide social, cultural, and analytical skills required to adjust to an increasingly interdependent world, and to deal with political and economic realities.

A 'Dargah' is a shrine built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish.

'The teacher must create an atmosphere of trust and flexibility to every learning situation' - it is true with regard to effective reflective practice in Social Science teaching.

Green belt in 50 acres of land under the Taj Heritage Corridor between Taj Mahal and Agra Fort is developed as announced by Supreme Court of India (in 1994). As a follow up of the order, the central ministry declared trapezoidal area around Taj Mahal as restricted area where certain categories of industries would not be allowed to come up. More than 2 lakh plants were raised in an area around Taj Mahal. Agra Development Authority was also established to cover all pollution related matters and to effect several long term measures.