CSIR NET Life Sciences Mock Test - 9 - UGC NET MCQ

There are total 14 rhombuses in the following figure.

In the given code

PROSE = PPOQE

The first, third and fifth letters are same but in the place of second and fourth letters previous two letters are used. So,

LIGHT = LGGFT.

Given:
SP while earning profit = SP while incurring a loss

Formula:
Selling Price = Cost Price + Profit
Selling Price = Cost Price - Loss

Calculation:
Let the cost price be = a
1754 - a = Profit
a - 1492 = Loss
As per the question;
1754 - a = a - 1492
⇒ 1754 + 1492 = 2a
⇒ 3246 = 2a

⇒ a = 1623
∴ The cost price of article Rs. 1623.

Given:

Students failed in school

Number of students in school more than number of students in school

Students passed in both schools

Let number of students in school be

Number of failed students in school of

Number of passes students in school

Number of students in school of

Total number of students in school and school

Number of passes students in both schools of

So, number of passed students in school

Number of failed students in school

Percentage of failed students in school

The percentage of students who failed from school is .

Given:

The number when subtracted from 37.5% of itself gives the result as 35.

Calculation:

The number when subtracted from 37.5% of itself gives the result as 35.

Let the original number be 100x.

The number when subtracted from 37.5%

So, New number = 

Resulting number = 35 = 62.5x

⇒ x = 0.56

⇒ 100x = 0.56 × 100 = 56

∴ Original value of number is 56.

We know that

Probability

Number of all combinations of things, taken at a time, is given by

According to question,

Total outcomes 

Number of favorable outcomes

In a family, the father has a blood group ‘A’ and the mother has a blood group ‘B’, Children show 50% probability for a blood group “AB” indicate that either of the parent is heterozygous.

The presence of two different alleles at a particular gene locus. A heterozygous genotype may include one normal allele and one mutated allele or two different mutated alleles (compound heterozygote).

Most cancer cells exhibit increased glycolysis and use this metabolic pathway for generation of ATP as a main source of energy supply. This phenomenon is known as Warburg effect.

The Warburg Effect is defined as an increase in the rate of glucose uptake and preferential production of lactate, even in the presence of oxygen.

Transcription is a process by which the genetic code encoded on DNA is transferred to mRNA molecule. When a certain protein is required, the molecule of mRNA is produced. The information in a gene, which is a specific area of DNA, is transferred to a single-stranded RNA molecule. In RNA, the thymine in the DNA is replaced with uracil. The enzyme RNA polymerase aids in the reading of template strand and the creation of the mRNA molecule.

Poisonous fluid present in nematocyst of Hydra is Hypnotoxin.

The Hypnotoxin present in Nematocytes is injected with the help of the threaded tube. This thread tube acts like a piercing needle. The lower end of the tube is enlarged to form butt which bears spines in some cnidoblasts.

The tRNA synthetase enzyme recognizes a specific amino acid and its cognate tRNA molecules. There are 20 different enzymes, which are categorized into 2 classes.

The genetic composition of an organism is known as genotype.

The genotype is the genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual usually with reference to a specific characteristic under consideration. For example, TT or Tt or tt is the genotype for height of a plant.

Ultraviolet radiations cause mutations due to formation of thymine dimers/ thymidine.

The signature mutation caused by ultraviolet light is a CC to TT mutation (C=cystosine T=thymidine), caused when a CC dimer is mispaired with two adenine bases during replication. Because of these mutations, the connection between ultraviolet damage to DNA and cancer is quite clear.

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, eggs, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding and the raising of livestock.

A wide range of species such as horses, cattle, guinea pigs,  sheep, goat, insects, and fishes are employed under animal husbandry.

Transcription is the first step in decoding a cell's genetic information and begins with the binding of the RNA polymerase complex to a special DNA sequence at the beginning of the gene known as the promoter. In eukaryotes, transcription is achieved by three different types of RNA polymerase ( RNA Pol I, II, III).  The polymerases differ in the number and type of subunits they contain, as well as the class of RNAs they transcribe. RNA polymerase I transcribe ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), RNA polymerase II transcribes mRNAs and also small regulatory RNAs, and RNA polymerase III transcribes small RNAs such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs).

Taxonomic key is one of the taxonomic tools in the identification and classification of plants and animals. It is used in the preparation of Flora.

Taxonomic keys are tools that help with the identification of organisms based on their specific characters.  Flora is the resource providing information on the taxonomic category, nomenclature and the detailed description of each plant. This process of determining the flora is based on the taxonomic tool responsible for the identification and classification of plants in a specific geographical region.

In zygotene, the homologous chromosomes come to lie side by side and get attached laterally due to the development of nucleoprotein between them. Pairing is such that the genes of the same character present on the two chromosomes come to lie exactly opposite. This pairing of homologous chromosomes is called as synapsis or syndesis.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a linear molecule composed of four types of smaller molecules called ribonucleotide bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). RNA is often compared to a copy from a reference book, or a template, because it carries the same information as its DNA template but is not used for long-term storage.

There are three types of cell signaling pathways – autocrine, paracrine and endocrine. Cells communicate with each other through extracellular messenger molecules. Based on the distances these messenger molecules travel, the signaling pathways differ.

Cleavage in human is Unequal. 

The cleavage in which the egg is divided unequally is called an unequal cleavage. Humans and Marsupials are an example of unequal holoblastic cleavage. The mode of cleavage is determined by the amount of yolk and it’s distribution. The first cleavage occurs in human zygotes about 30 hours after fertilization. It is holoblastic (complete) and gives rise to the blastomeres; one of which is slightly larger than the other.

Holoblastic: The cleavage in which the segmentation line passes through the entire egg, dividing it completely. It occurs in alecithal, microlecithal and mesolecithal eggs. Holoblastic cleavage is of two types:

Equal Holoblastic: In this process, the egg is divided into two equal halves.

Meroblastic cleavage: The lines of segmentation do not completely pass through the egg and remain confined to a part of the egg. Such type of cleavage is found in megalecithal eggs as the yolk provides resistance to the cleavage. Insects, birds, reptiles are examples of meroblastic cleavage.

Superficial cleavage occurs in centrolecithal eggs of insects. 

Molecules of the residual amino acids, threonine and isoleucine, contain two asymmetric carbon atoms and thus, exist as four stereoisomers forming two enantiomer and four diastereomer pairs, respectively. Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.

The tendency of some amino acids to occur more frequently in alpha-helices is known as helix propensity.  Alanine has the highest helix propensity, and, excluding proline, glycine has the lowest.

Sidechain pKa of glutamic acid is more than the side chain pKa of aspartic acid.

Proline, a five-member ring amino acid, is sterically restricted in rotation around the N-C(alpha) bond, thus has a limited Phi value of about -63 ± 15°

It has limited number of cells in adults and fate of every cell lineage is known.

In Parkinsons disease movement is compromised.

Parkinson's disease is a brain disorder that causes unintended or uncontrollable movements, such as shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination. Symptoms usually begin gradually and worsen over time. As the disease progresses, people may have difficulty walking and talking.

In Counter immunoelectrophoresis, electrophoresis will drive the antibody and antigen toward each other

Counter Current Immunoelectrophoresis is a modification of immunoelectrophoresis in which antigen and antibody move in opposite directions and form precipitates in the area where they meet in concentrations of optimal proportions. It is also referred to as countercurrent or crossed-over immunoelectrophoresis.

Counter-current immunoelectrophoresis depends on the movement of antigens toward the anode and of antibodies towards the cathode through the agar under the electric field. The test is performed on a glass slide in an agarose gel of high electro-endosmotic flow. A pair of wells is punched out where one well is filled with antigen and the other with the antibody. Electric current is then passed through the gel. The migration of antigen and antibody is greatly facilitated under the electric field, and the line of precipitation as precipitin arcs is made visible in 30–60 minutes, which indicates a positive reaction.

The Etr1 gene in plants encodes for a receptor of the ethylene gas (C₂H₂). Ethylene is a plant hormone that regulates a variety of developmental processes such as seed germination and fruit ripening.

The living organisms having intermediate characters between two group are called as connecting link. Tachyglossus (spiny and eater) are egg laying mammals. They act as connecting links between reptiles and mammals. Mammalian characters are hair, diaphragm, mammary glands etc., while reptilian characters are large coracoid, being oviparous, laying eggs and having cloaca. 

Only statement 3 is correct that, the resolution is the regeneration of duplex DNA molecule.
In the process of homologous recombination, DNA molecules are regenerated by the process of genetic exchange. This is known as the process of resolution.
Homologous recombination can be divided into three key steps: strand exchange, branch migration and resolution. The identification of a protein complex that catalyses branch migration and Holliday junction resolution argues that the mechanism of homologous recombination is conserved from bacteria to man.

C . elegans embryo uses both autonomous and conditional modes of specification. Conditional specification can be seen in the development of the endoderm cell lineage. At the 4-cell stage, the EMS cell requires a signal from its neighbour, the P2 blastomere. Usually, the EMS cell divides into an MS cell (which produces mesodermal muscles) and an E cell (which produces the intestinal endoderm). If the P2 cell is removed at the early 4-cell stage, the EMS cell will divide into two MS cells, and endoderm will not be produced. If the EMS cell is recombined with the P2 blastomere, however, it will form endoderm; it will not do so, however, when combined with ABa, ABp, or both AB derivatives

Almost 70% of Earth’s surface is occupied by oceans. An ocean is the largest body of water comprising of much of the planet’s hydrosphere. In all, there are 5 oceans on Earth namely Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, and Arctic oceans.