CTET Practice Test: Child Pedagogy-1 - CTET & State TET MCQ

The occupation of a family doesn't lead to educational backwardness beacuse it doesn't affect the mindset of the children while the rest of them do by creating a bias amongst the children's minds.

it is clear that Structured behavioral observation is the most appropriate method to monitor the progress of children with learning disabilities.

Following are some definitions of creative thinking to understand its meaning:-
"Creativity sometimes refers to creative potential, sometimes to creative production and sometimes to creative productivity."
Guilford
"Creative thinking consists of forming new combinations of associative elements."
Mednik
"Creative thinking involves new forms of thinking away from the traditional forms. Thus creativity includes curiosity, imagination, research, novelty and inventions etc."
Simson

Lubart's Confluence of Distinct Resources
According to Lubart, the following options are considered as confluence of distinct resources:
- Knowledge: Refers to the information, facts, and understanding that an individual possesses in a particular area or field.
- Personality traits: Encompasses the unique characteristics, qualities, and patterns of behavior that define an individual's personality, such as extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and creativity.
- Intellectual abilities: Includes the cognitive capacities and skills that individuals possess, such as logical reasoning, problem-solving, critical thinking, and memory.
However, Lubart does not consider Understanding as a confluence of distinct resources. Understanding is often seen as a result or outcome of knowledge, rather than a separate resource in itself.
In summary, according to Lubart, the confluence of distinct resources includes knowledge, personality traits, and intellectual abilities, but not understanding.

Most effective Mode of Teaching-Learning: Exploration of relationships between concepts
Exploration of relationships between concepts is considered the most effective mode of teaching and learning because it encourages critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Here's a detailed explanation of why this mode is the most effective:
1. Active engagement:
- Students are actively involved in the learning process, which promotes better retention and understanding of the concepts.
- They are encouraged to explore and analyze the relationships between different concepts, helping them make connections and see the bigger picture.
2. Critical thinking:
- Exploration of relationships between concepts requires students to think critically and evaluate the information they are learning.
- They are encouraged to ask questions, think analytically, and come up with their own conclusions, fostering independent thinking skills.
3. Deeper understanding:
- By exploring the relationships between concepts, students gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
- They are able to see how different concepts are interconnected and how they relate to real-world applications, enhancing their overall comprehension.
4. Problem-solving skills:
- Exploration of relationships between concepts helps students develop problem-solving skills.
- They learn to identify patterns, make connections, and apply their knowledge to solve complex problems, which is a valuable skill in various academic and professional settings.
5. Creativity and innovation:
- Encouraging exploration of relationships between concepts also promotes creativity and innovation.
- Students are given the freedom to think outside the box, come up with new ideas, and explore different perspectives, fostering a more innovative mindset.
In conclusion, the mode of teaching and learning that involves the exploration of relationships between concepts is the most effective. It actively engages students, promotes critical thinking, leads to a deeper understanding, enhances problem-solving skills, and fosters creativity and innovation.

Explanation:

• Fluency: Fluency refers to the ability to generate a large number of ideas or solutions to a problem. It involves coming up with multiple options quickly and easily.


• Flexibility: Flexibility involves being able to shift perspectives, generate different ideas, and adapt to new situations. It allows for thinking outside the box and considering various possibilities.


• Memorising: Memorising is not a part of creativity. Creativity is about generating new ideas, solutions, and perspectives, rather than simply recalling information from memory.


• Originality: Originality involves coming up with unique and novel ideas that are different from the norm. It is an essential component of creativity as it allows for fresh and innovative thinking.

By considering the above points, it is clear that memorising does not fit into the elements of creativity, as it focuses on recalling information rather than generating new and innovative ideas.

Answer:
The statement, "A child is gifted if he is either socially talented, mechanically talented, artistically talented, musically talented, linguistically talented, academically talented" was said by Guilford.
Here is a detailed explanation:
Who said this?
The person who said this statement is Guilford.
What does the statement imply?
The statement implies that a child is considered gifted if they possess any of the following talents:
- Social talent
- Mechanical talent
- Artistic talent
- Musical talent
- Linguistic talent
- Academic talent
Other options:
The other options mentioned in the question (Kerk, Simpson, and Skinner) are not relevant to the given statement and do not provide an accurate answer.
In conclusion:
Guilford is the correct answer for the person who said the statement about a child being gifted based on various talents.

Causes of educational backwardness at the primary level of education in India:
1. Lack of accountability:
- Lack of accountability among teachers, school administrators, and government officials leads to a lack of quality education and poor learning outcomes.
- Absenteeism and lack of commitment among teachers contribute to the educational backwardness at the primary level.
2. Attitude of the masses towards education:
- In many parts of India, there is a prevailing attitude that prioritizes early marriage, child labor, and other socio-economic factors over education.
- This mindset hinders the enrollment and retention of children in primary schools, leading to educational backwardness.
3. Poor school organization:
- Inadequate infrastructure, lack of proper facilities, and overcrowded classrooms affect the quality of education and hinder effective learning.
- Insufficient resources, such as textbooks, teaching materials, and technology, also contribute to educational backwardness.
4. Teacher quality and training:
- A shortage of trained and qualified teachers adversely affects the quality of education at the primary level.
- Insufficient training and professional development opportunities for teachers result in ineffective pedagogical practices.
5. Socio-economic factors:
- Poverty, caste-based discrimination, and gender inequality significantly impact access to education at the primary level.
- Children from disadvantaged backgrounds often face barriers in terms of affordability, availability, and social norms.
Conclusion:
The causes of educational backwardness at the primary level in India are multi-faceted, involving lack of accountability, societal attitudes towards education, poor school organization, inadequate teacher quality and training, and socio-economic factors. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach, including improving accountability mechanisms, raising awareness about the importance of education, enhancing school infrastructure, providing quality teacher training, and implementing measures to mitigate socio-economic barriers.

Psychological States for Developing Creativity:

• Detachment Involvement: This state refers to being able to detach oneself from the problem at hand and view it from an objective perspective.


• Speculation: Speculation involves generating new and unconventional ideas by exploring different possibilities and perspectives.


• Deferment: Deferment involves setting aside a problem or idea temporarily and allowing the mind to subconsciously process it in the background.

The Incorrect Option:

Cognition is not among the four psychological states for developing creativity. Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. While cognition is essential for creativity, it is not considered as a specific psychological state in this context.

Answer:

The term "backwardness" was used by Cyril Burt in his book.

Explanation:

Let's examine the given options and identify who used the term "backwardness" in their book:

• Schonell: There is no information available to suggest that Schonell used the term "backwardness" in his book.


• Krightstone: There is no information available to suggest that Krightstone used the term "backwardness" in his book.


• Cyril Burt: Cyril Burt is the author who used the term "backwardness" in his book.


• CE Beeby: There is no information available to suggest that CE Beeby used the term "backwardness" in his book.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: Cyril Burt.

Learning disabled children
Learning disabled children are not low in intelligence, slow in activity, or deficient in using potentials. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Low in Intelligence:
- Learning disabilities are unrelated to intelligence levels.
- Many learning disabled children have average or above-average intelligence.
2. Slow in Activity:
- Learning disabilities may affect certain areas of learning such as reading, writing, or math, but they do not necessarily make a child slow in all activities.
- Learning disabled children may excel in other areas such as art, music, or sports.
3. Deficient in Using Potentials:
- Learning disabilities do not mean that a child is deficient in using their potentials.
- With appropriate support and interventions, learning disabled children can reach their full potential and succeed in various aspects of life.
4. None of These:
- The correct answer is D: None of these.
- Learning disabled children have unique learning profiles and require specialized strategies and support to overcome their challenges.
In summary, learning disabled children are not low in intelligence, slow in activity, or deficient in using potentials. They have unique learning profiles and can achieve success with appropriate interventions and support.

Schonell puts Backward child is 'One who compared with other pupils of the same chronological age shows marked educational deficiency'.

Range of 30-40 dB
The range of 30-40 dB falls under the category of "Marginal" hearing loss. Here's a detailed explanation:
Definition of dB (decibel)
- dB is a unit used to measure the intensity or loudness of sound.
- It is a logarithmic scale, meaning that a small change in dB represents a significant change in sound intensity.
Hearing Loss Categories
- Hearing loss is categorized into different levels based on the extent of the loss.
- The categories include normal, mild, moderate, severe, and profound.
Range of 30-40 dB
- A range of 30-40 dB is considered as a mild to moderate level of hearing loss.
- It indicates difficulty in hearing soft speech and some difficulty in group conversations or noisy environments.
Choice C: Marginal
- The range of 30-40 dB falls under the "Marginal" category of hearing loss.
- Marginal hearing loss refers to a mild to moderate level of hearing loss.
Summary
- The range of 30-40 dB indicates a mild to moderate level of hearing loss.
- It falls under the category of "Marginal" hearing loss.

Steps to Improve Work Habits of Learning Disabled Individuals:

• Close monitoring of behavior: Regularly observe and assess the behavior of individuals with learning disabilities to identify areas where improvement is needed.


• Provide cues and prompts: Support individuals with learning disabilities by giving them cues and prompts to help them stay focused and on task. This can include visual reminders, verbal cues, or written instructions.


• Implement positive reinforcement: Use positive reinforcement strategies such as praise, rewards, or incentives to motivate and encourage individuals with learning disabilities to develop better work habits.


• Break tasks into smaller steps: Divide complex tasks into smaller, more manageable steps to make them less overwhelming for individuals with learning disabilities. This can help them stay organized and focused.


• Provide structured routines and schedules: Establish clear routines and schedules to create a predictable and structured environment for individuals with learning disabilities. This can help them develop better time management skills and work habits.


• Teach self-monitoring and self-regulation: Guide individuals with learning disabilities to become more aware of their own behavior and teach them strategies to self-monitor and self-regulate. This can empower them to take responsibility for their own work habits.


• Offer support and accommodations: Provide appropriate accommodations and support, such as assistive technology, preferential seating, or extra time, to address the specific needs of individuals with learning disabilities.


• Collaborate with parents and educators: Maintain open communication and collaboration with parents and educators to ensure a consistent approach in supporting individuals with learning disabilities. This can help create a unified and supportive environment for their development.

By implementing these strategies, individuals with learning disabilities can develop better work habits and improve their overall performance. It is important to remember that each individual is unique, and a personalized approach should be adopted to meet their specific needs and challenges.

Learning disabled children perform very poorly in academic areas.

Explanation:

Learning disabilities can affect different areas of a child's academic performance. These disabilities can make it challenging for children to acquire, process, or express information. As a result, they may struggle in various academic areas.
Examples of academic areas where learning disabled children may perform poorly:
- Reading: Learning disabled children may have difficulty decoding and understanding written words, leading to poor reading comprehension skills.
- Writing: Difficulties with organizing thoughts, spelling, and forming coherent sentences can result in poor writing skills.
- Mathematics: Learning disabilities can impact a child's ability to understand mathematical concepts, solve problems, and perform calculations accurately.
- Language skills: Children with learning disabilities may struggle with language development, including difficulties in understanding and using spoken language effectively.
It is important to note that:
- Learning disabilities can vary in their impact and manifestation. Not all learning disabled children will struggle in the same areas or to the same extent.
- With appropriate support, interventions, and accommodations, learning disabled children can still achieve success in academic areas and thrive in their educational journey. It is crucial to provide individualized support tailored to their specific needs.
Therefore, option C is correct: Learning disabled children perform poorly in academic areas.

The statement that is not true is D: The verbal expression of a severely retarded person is similar to that of a normal person.
Explanation:

• A: One can be gifted in the moral and aesthetic aspects of life as well - This statement is true. Gifted individuals can possess talents and abilities in various aspects of life, including moral and aesthetic areas.


• B: Moderately retarded person can learn 'self-help skills' by appropriate training - This statement is true. With appropriate training and support, individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities can learn and develop self-help skills.


• C: High incidence of social and emotional problems is observed in the gifted people - This statement is true. Gifted individuals may experience social and emotional challenges due to factors such as heightened sensitivity, perfectionism, and difficulty in finding peers who understand them.


• D: The verbal expression of a severely retarded person is similar to that of a normal person - This statement is not true. Severely retarded individuals may have significant difficulties with verbal expression and communication, which can differ greatly from that of a typical or normal person.

Therefore, option D is the statement that is not true.

Moderate hearing impairment lies in the db level of 41-45 db

Explanation:

• Hearing impairment is typically categorized into different levels based on the decibel (db) level at which it occurs.


• Moderate hearing impairment refers to a level of hearing loss that falls within a specific range of decibels.


• The db range for moderate hearing impairment is 41-45 db.


• This means that individuals with moderate hearing impairment may have difficulty hearing sounds at a normal conversational level.


• They may struggle to understand speech in noisy environments or when there is background noise.


• People with moderate hearing impairment may benefit from the use of hearing aids or other assistive listening devices to improve their hearing abilities.


• It is important for individuals with hearing impairment to seek proper evaluation and treatment from a qualified audiologist or hearing healthcare professional.

Therefore, the correct answer is B: 41-45 db.

B: Cyril Burt
Cyril Burt, a British psychologist, is credited with this statement. He defined a backward child as one who, in the middle of their school career, is unable to perform at the level of the class below, which is considered normal for their age. Burt's work focused on intelligence testing and the classification of children based on their academic abilities. His ideas on intelligence and the concept of backwardness were influential in the field of education during the early 20th century. However, it is important to note that Burt's research and theories have been subject to controversy and criticism in later years.