DSSSB Junior Clerk Mock Test - 3 - DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT MCQ

Asteroids:

• They are sometimes called minor planets, rocky, airless remnants left over from the early formation of our solar system.
• There are lots of asteroids in our solar system. Most of them live in the main asteroid belt- a region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
• Some asteroids go in front of and behind Jupiter. They are called Trojans.
• Asteroids that come close to Earth are called Near-Earth Objects.
• The currently known asteroid is 10,74,557.

Meteorites:

• It is the term given to a piece of a comet or asteroid that falls into the Earth's atmosphere and survives to hit the surface.
• These objects come in three categories: Stony, Metallic, and Stony Metallic.

Meteors:

• When meteoroids( objects in space) enter Earth's atmosphere at high speed and burn up, the fireballs or "shooting stars" are called meteors.

Comets:

• Comets are frozen leftover from the formation of the solar system composed of dust, rock, and ices.
• The dust and gases form a tail that stretches away from the Sun for millions of comets.

Key Points

• The Directive Principles constitute a very comprehensive social, economic, and political program for a modern and welfare state.
• These principles emphasize that the State shall try to promote the welfare of people by providing them basic facilities like shelter, food, and clothing.

List of Borrowed Features of Indian Constitution:

The correct answer is Eighth Schedule.
Key Points

• Languages Included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution | Department of Official Language | Ministry of Home Affairs
• There are 22 official languages in India and they are covered under the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution.
• There are a total of 12 Schedules in the Indian Constitution and each one is important. The Constitutional provisions relating to the 8th Schedule are in articles 344(1) and 351 of the Indian Constitution
• Initially, there were 14 official languages. Now, there are 22 official languages in the 8th schedule of the Indian constitution.
  
• Currently, the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution contains 22 languages-Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Santhali, Maithili and Dogri.

Bachendri Pal:

• Bachendri Pal is an Indian mountaineer who in 1984 became the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
• She was awarded by Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri.
• "EVEREST MY JOURNEY TO THE TOP" book written by Bachendri Pal.

Key Points

• Susruta Samhita is an ancient Indian book on surgery.
• The Sushruta Samhita is an ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and surgery, and one of the most important such treatises on this subject to survive from the ancient world.
• The Sushruta and Charaka texts differ in one major aspect, with Sushruta Samhita providing the foundation of surgery, while Charaka Samhita being primarily a foundation of medicine.
• It is one of the two foundational Hindu texts on the medical profession that have survived from ancient India.
• The Sushruta Samhita was composed after Charaka Samhita, and except for some topics and their emphasis, both discuss many similar subjects such as General Principles, Pathology, Diagnosis, Anatomy, Sensorial Prognosis, Therapeutics, Pharmaceutics and Toxicology.​​

​​​Important Points ​​
Kalidasa:

• He was a Classical Sanskrit author who is often considered ancient India's greatest playwright and dramatist.
• His plays and poetry are primarily based on the Vedas, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and the Puranas.
• His surviving works consist of three plays, two epic poems, and two shorter poems.

Panini:

• He was an ancient Sanskrit philologist, grammarian, and revered scholar in ancient India.
  • Since the discovery and publication of his work by European scholars in the nineteenth century, Pāṇini has been considered the "first descriptive linguist", and even labelled the father of linguistics”.

The correct answer is all of the above.

• Special Economic Zones (SEZs):
  • An SEZ is an enclave within a country that is typically duty-free and has different business and commercial laws chiefly to encourage investment and create employment.
  • In this zone, industries get some tax advantages.
  • The Parliament passed the Special Economic Zones Act in 2005 after many consultations and deliberations and it came into force in 2006.
  • SEZs were operational in India from 2000 to 2006 (under the EXIM policy/Foreign Trade Policy).
• Special Economic Zones Act, 2005:
  • "It is defined as an Act to provide for the establishment, development, and management of the Special Economic Zones for the promotion of exports and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto".
• Objectives of the SEZs Act are:
  • To create further economic activity.
  • To encourage the export of goods and services.
  • To provide employment.
  • To boost domestic and foreign investments.
  • To develop infrastructure facilities.
• SEZs can be set up by:
  • Any private/public/joint sector
  • State Government or its agencies
  • Foreign Company

The correct answer is ​Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank.

Key Points

• Former Union Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank on April 2021 chaired a high-level meeting on the implementation of the National Education Policy 2020.
• He released an implementation plan for school education called Students and Teachers Holistic Advancement through Quality Education (SARTHAQ).
• SARTHAQ ​is developed by the Department of School Education and Literacy.
  • It is an indicative and suggestive implementation plan for school education.
  • It was released as part of the celebrations leading to the Amrit Mahotsav on 75 years of India's independence.
  • This implementation plan shows the roadmap and way forward for the implementation of NEP 2020.

Additional Information

Chola Empire:

• A minor chiefly family known as the Muttaraiyar held power in the Kaveri delta.
• They were subordinate to the Pallava kings of Kanchipuram.
• Vijayalaya, who belonged to the ancient chiefly family of the Cholas from Uraiyur, captured the delta from the Muttaraiyar in the middle of the ninth century.
• He built the town of Thanjavur and a temple for the goddess Nishumbhasudini there.
• The successors of Vijayalaya conquered neighbouring regions and the kingdom grew in size and power.
• The Pandyan and the Pallava territories to the south and north were made part of this kingdom.
• The Cholas are believed to have overthrown the Pallavas in south India.
• They became prominent in the 9th century and established an empire comprising the major portion of South India.
• They also extended their control in Sri Lanka and the Malay peninsula and are thus called ‘Imperial Cholas’.
• Thousands of inscriptions found in the temples provide detailed information regarding the administration, society, economy, and culture of the Chola period.
• The founder of the Imperial Chola line was Vijayalaya.

• Amozon is the world's largest tropical rainforest.
• These are the largest tropical rainforests occupying the drainage basin of the Amazon River and its tributaries in northern South America and covering an area of 6,000,000 square km.
• Comprising about 40% of Brazil’s total area, it is bounded by the Guiana Highlands to the north, the Andes Mountains to the west, the Brazilian central plateau to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.

Tropical rain forest:

• Rainforests are called so because they are wet due to round the year rains.
• There are apparently no seasons in Tropical rain forests near the equator, yet the tropical rainforests which are away from the equator have only wet and dry seasons.
• Tropical rainforests receive 175 to 300 inches of precipitation annually.
• Tropical rain forests are found in regions where temperatures and precipitation are high year-round.
• Mean monthly temperatures exceed 18 °C during all months of the year, due to location near to the equator.

Concept:

• The components of food such as carbohydrates are complex substances. These complex substances cannot be utilized as such. So they are broken down into simpler substances. The breakdown of complex components of food into simpler substances is called digestion.
• The food is digested by the body in the following steps: Ingestion⇒digestion⇒absorption⇒assimilation⇒egestion.
• Ingestion: It is the process of intake of food.
• Digestion: The complex food is now acted upon by various enzymes in the mouth & stomach region, and converted into smaller substances this is called digestion.
• Absorption: The digested food gets absorbed by the body via the numerous villi (finger-like projections) present in the small intestine.
• Assimilation: It is the next step after the absorption, here the food is assimilated by the body to form various substances needed for growth.
• Egestion: The remaining undigested waste passes into the rectum and remains there as semi-solid faeces. The fecal matter is removed through the anus from time to time. This is called egestion.

Explanation:

• The process next to the absorption in the small intestine is assimilation.
• During assimilation, the absorbed food is transported to different organs of the body via the blood vessels where it is used to build complex substances such as the proteins required by the body.

The logic follows here is:
Venn diagram according to the given information is:
Buffalo, Mammal, Crows
Crows come under the class Aves.
Buffalo is a mammal.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option (4)".

Aves - (ornithology) the class of birds. class Aves. Craniata, subphylum Craniata, subphylum Vertebrata, Vertebrata - fishes; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals. bird - warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings.

The pattern followed here is:

Similarly,

Hence, “LXMI” is the correct answer.

Symbols used to draw family tree:

Drawing the family tree as per the given information:

Amrita's father's father ⇒ Amrita's grandfather

And Grand-daughter of Amrita's grandfather ⇒ Amrita's Sister

So, Vishal is Amrita's sister's husband.

Hence, 'Sister-in-law' is the correct answer.

Hence, Option 4 is the correct answer.

Given:
Students studying commerce in college D = 275
Students studying commerce in college E = 250
Students studying science in college A = 300
Students studying science in college B = 350
Calculation:
Total students in commerce in college D and E (X Let) = 275 + 250 = 525
⇒ Total student in science in college A and B (Y let) = 650
⇒ X ∶ Y = 525 ∶ 650
⇒ X ∶ Y = 21 ∶ 26
∴ The ratio of students studying commerce in college D and E with students studying science in college A and B is 21 : 26.

Given:
Number of days by Rakesh to complete the project = 10 days
Number of days taken by Ravi to complete a project = 15 days
Concept used,
If someone completes work in X days
∴ Work done in 1 day = 1/X

Calculation
∵ Rakesh takes 10 days to complete a project
∴ Work done by Rakesh in a day = 1/10
∵ Ravi takes 15 days to complete a project
∴ Work done by Ravi in a day = 1/15
Let Anas takes X days to complete the project
Work done by Rakesh in 4days + work done by Rakesh and Ravi in 2 days + work done by all three persons in 16/13 days = 1
⇒ 4/10 + 2 × (1/10 + 1/15) + 16/13 × (1/10 + 1/15 + 1/X) = 1
⇒ 2/5 + 2 × (5/30) + 16/13 × (5/30 + 1/X) = 1
⇒ 1/3 + 16/13 × (1/6 + 1/X) = 1 – 2/5
⇒ 16/13 × (1/6 + 1/X) = 3/5
⇒ 16/13 × (1/6 + 1/X) = 3/5 – 1/3
⇒ 1/6 + 1/X = 13/16 × 4/15
⇒ 1/X = 13/60 – 1/6
⇒ 1/X = 1/20
⇒ X = 20
∴ Number of days taken by Anas to complete the project = 20 days

Alternate Method
Let the total work be 30 units (LCM of 10 and 15)
Efficiency of Rakesh = 30/10 = 3 units
Efficiency of Ravi = 30/15 = 2 units
Let the efficiency of Anas be x units
Total units = 30 = 3 × 4 + 5 × 2 + (3 + 2 + x) × 16/13
⇒ 8 = (5 + x) × 16/13
⇒ 13/2 - 5 = x
⇒ x = 3/2
Anas can complete the work in 30/(3/2) = 20 days
∴ Number of days taken by Anas to complete the project = 20 days

Given:

Six years ago, a family of 3 members had an average of 29 years.

Today, the average age of the family is 27 years.

Formula:

Sum of observations = Average × Number of observations.

Calculation:

According to the question,

The average age of a family of 3 members, 6 years ago = 29 years.

The sum of ages of a family member 6 years ago = 29 × 3 = 87.

A baby having been born the average age of the family is 25 years today.

The sum of the age of a family of 4 members at present = 17×6" id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" role="presentation" tabindex="0">

The sum of age of a family of 3 members at present:

⇒ 87 + 6 × 3

⇒ 87 + 18

⇒ 105

Age of Child = 108 – 105 = 3 years.

∴ The present age of the child is 3 years.

Given:

Initial Expenditure = 90%

Initial Savings = 10%

Increase in income = 40%

Increase in expenditure = 30%

Concept:

To solve this type of question, consider the initial income to be 100. Then, calculate the rest of the data using simple % rules.

Formula used:

% increase/Decrease = [(Final value - Initial value)/initial value] × 100

Calculation:

Let the income be 100

Expenditure = 90% of 100 = 90

Savings = 10% of 100 = 10

% increase in income = 40%

New income = 140

Percent increase in expenditure = 30% of 90 = 27

New expenditure = 90 + 27 = 117

New savings = New income - new expenditure

⇒ 140 - 117 = 23

Percent increase in savings = [(23 - 10)/10] × 100%

⇒ 130%

∴ Increase in savings is 130%

Given:

(i) Days taken by A to complete a portrait = 6

(ii) Days taken by A to complete a scenery = 15

(iii) Days taken by A to complete an abstract = 18

(iv) Days taken by A to complete a cartoon = 4

(v) Days taken by C to complete a portrait = 5

(vi) Days taken by C to complete a scenery = 16

(vii) Days taken by C to complete an abstract = 20

(viii) Days taken by C to complete a cartoon = 6

Calculations:

⇒ Total days taken by A to make all 4 paintings = 6 + 15 + 18 + 4 = 43

⇒ Total days taken by C to make all 4 paintings = 5 + 16 + 20 + 6 = 47

Required ratio = 43 : 47.

दिए गए विकल्पों में सही विकल्प 2 ‘शक्ति के अनुसार’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके गलत उत्तर हैं।

प्रमुख बिंदु

• यथाशक्ति का उचिर समास-विग्रह शक्ति या सामर्थ्य के अनुसार है।
• यथाशक्ति शब्द क्रिया-विशेषण अव्यय है।
• इसमें अव्ययीभाव समास है।
• जिस समस्त पद में कोई एक पद अव्यय या उपसर्ग हो तथा कोई दूसरा पद संज्ञा, उसे अव्ययीभाव समास कहते हैं।

समास का तात्पर्य होता है-‘संक्षिप्तीकरण’ और इसका शाब्दिक अर्थ होता है छोटा रूप।

दिए गए विकल्पों में सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 ‘शब्द/विलोम’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं।

• राजा और प्रजा एक दूसरे के विपरीतार्थक शब्द हैं।

दिए गए विकल्पों में सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 ‘ब्रिटिश अध्यक्षता और सुशासन के द्वारा’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं।

प्रमुख बिंदु

• गद्यांश के आधार पर भारत का कल्‍याण ब्रिटिश अध्यक्षता और सुशासन के द्वारा हो सकता है।
• ‘सुशासन’ शब्द में ‘सु’ उपसर्ग का प्रयोग हुआ है।

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 ‘वह दिनभर गाता रहता है।’ होगा। अन्य विकल्प इसके त्रुटिपूर्ण उत्तर होंगे।

स्पष्टीकरण:

‘वह दिन भर गाता रहता है।’ यह वाक्य ‘अकर्मक क्रिया’ का है। इसलिए इसका सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 है। दिए गए अन्य विकल्प सकर्मक क्रिया के उदाहरण हैं।

अकर्मक क्रिया: इसमें करता और क्रिया तो होते हैं लेकिन कर्म नहीं होता। करता द्वारा किए गए कार्य से किसी और चीज पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता है।

अन्य विकल्प:

दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही विकल्प 'हेतुहेतु मद​ भूतकाल' है। अन्य विकल्प सही उत्तर नही हैं। अतः विकल्प 2 हेतुहेतु मद भूतकाल सही उत्तर है।

प्रमुख बिंदु

• यदि मैं समय पर स्टेशन पहुँचता तो मेरी गाड़ी न छूटती | वाक्य में हेतुहेतु मद भूतकाल प्रयुक्त हुआ है।
• इस वाक्य में क्रिया पद से पता चलता है कि कार्य भूतकाल में हुआ है परन्तु किसी कारणवश पूरा नहीं हो पाया। अतः यहाँ हेतुहेतुमद भूतकाल है।

विकल्पों के विषय में आवश्यक जानकारी -

उपरोक्त शब्दों में से 'भौंरा' का पर्यायवाची शब्द नहीं है- 'विलोचन'। अतः सही उत्तर (विकल्प 1) 'विलोचन' होगा।

प्रमुख बिंदु

• 'भौंरा' का पर्यायवाची 'भ्रमर, अलि, मिलिंद' है।
• 'भौंरा' के अन्य पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं - मधुप, भ्रमर, अलि, द्विरेप, शिलीमुख, षट्पद, मधुकर, मधुव्रत, भृंग आदि।

अन्य शब्द:

दिये गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प 3 ‘बनारसी‘ सही उत्तर है।

स्पष्टीकरण:
लोकोक्ति “हिन्दी न फारसी, लालजी की बनारसी” का अर्थ- गुणहीन होकर भी गुणी होने का दंभ करना।
वाक्य- पढ़े लिखे कुछ नहीं हैं और अपने को बहुत होशियार समझते हैं।
नोट- लोकोक्तियाँ आम जनमानस द्वारा स्थानीय बोलियों में हर दिन की परिस्थितियों एवं संदर्भों से उपजे वैसे पद एवं वाक्य होते हैं जो किसी खास समूह, उम्र वर्ग या क्षेत्रीय दायरे में प्रयोग किया जाता है। इसमें स्थान विशेष के भूगोल, संस्कृति, भाषाओं का मिश्रण इत्यादि की झलक मिलती है। लोकोक्ति वाक्यांश न होकर स्वतंत्र वाक्य होते हैं।

विशेष:
लोकोक्ति: किसी विशेष स्थान पर प्रसिद्ध हो जाने वाले कथन को 'लोकोक्ति' कहते हैं।
उदहारण: लोकोक्ति - हिमायती की घोडी, ऐराकी को लात मारे।    
अर्थ - हिमायती– पक्ष लेने वाला, ऐराकी– घुड़सवार
वाक्य  - मालिक किसी नौकर को अधिक सर चढ़ाता है तो वह घर के सदस्यों पर ही रौब गांठने लगता है।

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर है - विकल्प 4 ‘तुम्हारे बिना उषा रो रही थी'। अन्य सभी विकल्प असंगत है।

‘तुम्हारे बिना उषा रो रही थी’ वाक्य अपूर्ण भूतकाल का है।

अन्य विकल्प :

1. तुम्हारे बिना उषा सारा दिन रोती रही होगी - संदिग्ध वर्तमान
2. उषा तुम्हारे बिना रो रही है - तात्कालिक वर्तमान
3. तुम्हारे बिना उषा रो रही है - तात्कालिक वर्तमान

Here the correct answer is Incumbent.
Key Points

Let's look at the meanings of the following words:-

• Incumbent(noun) - the holder of an office or post. (निर्भर)
  • For Example - The present incumbent will soon be retiring.
• Aspirant(noun) - a person who has ambitions to achieve something. (आकांक्षी)
  • For Example - The aspirant towards a more spiritual way of life will be thrown entirely off the scent.
• Subjacent(adjective) - situated below something else. (नीचे का)
  • For Example - hills and subjacent valleys.
• Applicant(noun) - a person who makes a formal application for something, especially a job. (आवेदक)
  • For Example - We interviewed 30 qualified applicants for the job.
• The sentence is talking about the problems faced by the president who is holding the office at that given time.
• Incumbent refers to the holder of an office, thus, it is the correct answer.

​Therefore, the correct sentence is The incumbent president faces problems which began many years before he took office.

Key Points

• If you say that someone has the Sword of Damocles hanging over their head, you mean that they are in a situation in which something very bad could happen to them at any time. (यदि आप कहते हैं कि किसी के सिर पर तलवार लटकी हुई है, तो इसका मतलब है कि वे ऐसी स्थिति में हैं कि उनके साथ कभी भी बहुत बुरा हो सकता है।)
• Example- As a Grand Prix driver, you have the Sword of Damocles hanging over your head at every moment
• Synonym- Risk, hazard, menace, peril, jeopardy,
• Antonym- Safety.
• In the given image it is clearly visible that the man has the Sword of Damocles is hanging right on his head as anything hazardous can happen to him at any time.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. a small problem or weakness in a person or system that can result in failure.

Key Points

• Someone's Achilles heel is the weakest point in their character or nature, where it is easiest for other people to attack or criticize them.
• Example- His Achilles heel is his quick temper
• Origin- The phrase has its origins in the legend of the Greek hero Achilles. According to the legend, Achilles was dipped into the river Styx by his mother Thetis to him invulnerable. The only portion of his body not immersed in the water was his heels, by which his mother held him. As a result, the heels were the only vulnerable part of his body. He was later killed by an arrow that struck his heel. Source: theidioms.com
• Synonyms- weakness, failing, lack, fault
• Antonyms- Strength, a good part
• Other related idioms-
  • Head over Heels- turning over completely in forward motion, as in a somersault. (especially in the phrase head over heels in love)
    • Example- I was very attracted to men and fell head over heels many times.
  • Kick your heels- to wait somewhere and feel bored or impatient because you have nothing to do, or because someone is deliberately keeping you waiting
    • Example- I went from the mall as my friend kicked my heels.