DSSSB PGT Economics Mock Test - 1 - DSSSB TGT/PGT/PRT MCQ

The relationship between the first pair of words, "Drone : Bee," is that a drone is a specific type (male) of a bee.

Similarly;

A colt is a specific type (young male) of a horse.

Hence, the correct answer is "Filly".

Alternate Method

Drone : Bee

A Drone is a male bee.

Colt : ?

A Colt is a young male horse.

Now, applying the same relationship (considering age and developmental stage of animals) to the options provided:

Cow: A mature female bovine; does not fit the young male horse context.

Filly: A young female horse (similar age group as Colt but specifically female); a strong candidate.

Vixen: A female fox; unrelated to horses.

Doe: A female deer; unrelated to horses.

The term most aligned with "Colt," given the context of age and species, is:

Filly: A young female horse, which is the female counterpart in age to a Colt.

Therefore, the correct option is:

2) Filly

Given:
A/4 = B/5 = C/7
Calculation:
A/4 = B/5 = C/7
⇒ A/B = 4/5
⇒ B/C = 5/7
If B is same then
⇒ A ∶ B ∶ C = 4 ∶ 5 ∶ 7
According to the question,
⇒ (A + B + C)/A = (4 + 5 + 7)/4
⇒ 16/4
⇒ 4
∴ The value of (A + B + C)/A is 4.

Given:

K = 72

Calculation:

30% of A = 50% of K

⇒ A × 30/100 = 50/100 × K

⇒ A × 3/10 = K/2

⇒ A × 3/10 = 72/2

⇒ A = 120

Now,

15% of A = 15/100 × 120 = 18

∴ The value of 15% of A is 18.

Given

Time = 20 years

Amount = 25 Principal

Formula used

When amount becomes 'a' times of Principal and Time is given then, the rate of interest is calculated as follows:

Rate = 100(a - 1)%/Time

Calculation

a = 25, Time = 20

Rate = 100(25 - 1)/20]%

= 100(24)/20]%

= 120%

rate is 120%

The correct answer is 'Heavenly'.Explanation

• The word 'Celestial' refers to something related to the sky or outer space, or something that is supremely good. 
  • For example, The celestial bodies, such as stars and planets, captivate the scientists.
• 'Heavenly' refers to something that is extremely enjoyable, delightful or relating to heaven.
  • For example, The dessert was simply heavenly, it was beyond our expectations.

Therefore, the correct answer is "option 3".Other Related Points

• 'Graceful' refers to something or someone characterized by elegance or beauty of form, manner, motion, or action. 
• 'Huge' refers to something extremely large in size, amount, or degree. 
• 'Gigantic' refers to something extremely large or extensive.

The correct answer is 'Stern'

Explanation

• The sentence speaks about warnings given to deter engaging in risky behavior (venturing into dangerous terrains).
• Given the context, the word 'Stern', which means serious and unyielding, best fits in the blank. Stern warnings are meant to emphasize the severity and potential danger.
• The word 'Stern' aligns with the gravity of the decision to enter dangerous territory, reflecting the severity of the caution given.
• The use of 'Stern' adds gravitas to the sentence, highlighting the seriousness of the situation.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Stern'.

Other Related Points

• 'Encouraging' and 'Good' warnings would not make sense, as warnings are typically meant to dissuade or caution, not encourage.
• 'Discouraging' could work, but it doesn't match the level of seriousness potentially associated with venturing into dangerous terrains.

The correct answer is 'It paved the way for more instantaneous modes of communication'.
Explanation

• The passage mentions that the global adoption of email opened the path for other forms of immediate communication, like text messaging and chat apps.
• There's no mention of changes in traditional mail usage, increases in communication costs, or the development of the first computer as direct impacts of email adoption.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is Only II.

Explanation

• The Planning Commission was constituted on 15 March 1950 under the chairmanship of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
  • The Prime Minister was the Chairman of the Planning Commission.
  • It was an institution of the Government of India whose main task was to make five-year plans.
• The Planning Commission was abolished on 13 August 2014 and NITI Aayog was formed in its place.
• NITI stands for National Institution for Transforming India.
  • NITI Aayog is a think tank that advises the government in policy formulation, unlike the Planning Commission which was empowered to allocate distribute funds for the planning.
  • NITI Aayog's main focus areas are cooperative & competitive federalism, decentralised planning, scenario planning, capacity building etc.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total money value of final goods and services produced in the economic territories of a country in a given year.
  • It can be defined as Gross Value Added (GVA) at basic prices + Product taxes - Product subsidies.

The correct answer is Kaldor-Hicks criterion.

Explanation

• Scitovsky Paradox:
  • Named after the Hungarian born American economist, Tibor Scitovsky
  • In welfare economies Scitovsky Paradox is a contraditory theory of Compensation Principle of Kaldor and Hicks. According to Kaldor and Hicks, economic welfare of economy B is better than that of economy A. A policy change will improve social welfare of economy A.
  • Scitovsky had stated in his theory that even a policy change in economy A might not lead to improved social welfare in the economy.
• Little criterion:
  • there would be a social welfare when an individual can be made better off without making others worse off. ​
• • There would be a social welfare if income distribution gets better, ceteris paribus.

Hence, the inconsistency of little criterion is labelled as Scitovsky Paradox.

Other Related Points

• Pareto criterion:
  • Pareto optimality/criterion is a situation where no individual of an economy can be made better off without making at least one individual worse off.

• Bergson criterion:
  • first introduced by Prof. Bergson and later on developed by Samuelson, Tintner and Arrow.
  • Bergson defines social welfare “as a function either of the welfare of each member of the community or of the quantities of products consumed and services rendered by each member of the community.”

The correct answer is 1, 3, 2, 5, 4.
Explanation

• Economists have contributed to different periods of economic thought, but their work has helped shape and advance the same economic model, contributing to our understanding of various aspects of economic theory and policy.
  • Adam Smith (1723-1790): Known as the "father of economics," Adam Smith laid the foundation for classical economics with his influential work "The Wealth of Nations." He developed the concept of the invisible hand, which argues that individual self-interest in a free market leads to collective economic well-being.
  • David Ricardo (1772-1823): Building upon Adam Smith's ideas, David Ricardo formulated the theory of comparative advantage. His work explained how countries can benefit from specializing in the production of goods because they have a lower opportunity cost, leading to increased trade and overall welfare.
  • John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946): During the early 20th century, Keynes revolutionized macroeconomics with his book "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money." Keynesian economics emphasizes the role of government intervention, especially through fiscal policy, to manage aggregate demand and stabilize the economy.
  • Milton Friedman (1912-2006): A prominent figure in monetarist economics, Milton Friedman emphasized the role of monetary policy in shaping economic outcomes. He argued for stable and predictable money supply growth to achieve price stability and long-term economic growth.
  • Robert Lucas (1937-present): Lucas is a key figure in the development of new classical economics and the rational expectations theory. His work emphasized the importance of understanding how individuals form expectations about future economic variables and how these expectations impact their behaviour and economic outcomes.

Hence, the correct order of economists based on their proposed theories is 1, 3, 2, 5, 4.

The correct answer is: APC > MPC

In the context of a linear consumption curve, the relationship between the Average Propensity to Consume (APC) and the Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) can be understood through the basic concepts of consumption and savings behavior in an economy.

Explanation

• Consumption Function:
  • A linear consumption function is typically expressed as C = a + bY, where C is consumption, a is autonomous consumption (consumption when income is zero), b is the MPC, and Y is the level of income.
• Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC):
  • MPC is the ratio of the change in consumption to the change in income, represented as ΔC/ΔY. It indicates how much of additional income is spent on consumption.
  • In a linear consumption function, MPC (b) remains constant.
• Average Propensity to Consume (APC):
  • APC is the ratio of total consumption to total income, represented as C/Y. It shows the proportion of total income that is spent on consumption.
  • In a linear consumption function, APC decreases as income (Y) increases because autonomous consumption (a) remains fixed, and thus, APC = (a + bY) / Y = a/Y + b.
• Relationship between APC and MPC:
  • Since autonomous consumption (a) is a positive constant, APC will always be greater than MPC at any level of income greater than zero.
  • APC = a/Y + b, which means APC includes both the constant component (a/Y) and the variable component (b, which is MPC).

Other Related Points

• Keynesian Consumption Theory:
  • John Maynard Keynes introduced the concepts of APC and MPC in his General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. He posited that as income increases, the proportion of income spent on consumption (APC) declines, but the additional income spent on consumption (MPC) remains constant.
• Implications for Economic Policy:
  • Understanding the relationship between APC and MPC helps in formulating fiscal policies. Higher MPC implies greater multiplier effect of government spending, leading to increased economic activity.
• Consumption and Savings:
  • The difference between APC and MPC indicates the savings behavior of households. As income rises, households tend to save a larger portion of their income, leading to a lower APC and a constant MPC.

The correct answer is a - II, b - IV, c - I, d - IIIExplanation

• R. A. Fisher developed the analysis of variance (Anova) test, which is used to compare the means of two or more groups.
• Karl Pearson developed the Pearson correlation coefficient, which is a measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables.
• Spearman developed the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, which is a measure of the strength and direction of the monotonic relationship between two variables.
• Gosset published the Student's t distribution, which is a probability distribution that is used to test the significance of the difference between two means when the population standard deviation is unknown.

• When buyers and sellers have asymmetric (unequal) knowledge, adverse selection happens. Due to this unequal information, the market is distorted and fails. For instance, insurance purchasers may be more knowledgeable than insurance sellers.
• The most likely people to file a claim are those who wish to purchase insurance.
• When one party to a negotiation possesses pertinent information the other party does not, this is known as adverse selection. Making poor decisions due to knowledge asymmetry, such as expanding into less lucrative or riskier market niches, is common.

Hence, Adverse selection is a situation where participation is affected by asymmetric information and Asymmetric information generates moral hazards and adverse reflection are the correct statements.

The correct answer is Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Important Points (A) : International trade along the lines of comparative advantage improves the allocative efficiency of existing resources.

• The economic theory of comparative advantage was created by British economist David Ricardo in the 19th century.
• A comparative advantage occurs when a country can produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another country.
• The theory of comparative advantage demonstrates that trade can still be advantageous to both trading partners even when one country has an absolute advantage in producing goods.
• Since, by using comparative advantage, both the countries can make the best use of their respective resources, it improves the allocative efficiency of existing resources.
• Hence, (A) is true.

(R): International trade is an engine of growth.

• International Trade encourages growth and improves economic welfare by encouraging the more effective use of different regions' resource endowments for factors of production and enabling individuals to buy commodities from reliable sources of supply.
• Trade also makes available to people goods which cannot be produced in their country due to various reasons.
• International trade growth can be a foundation for economic growth and poverty reduction, but it must be inclusive and consistent with sustainable development
• Hence, (R) is true.

(R) is not the correct explanation of (A) because Reason does not specify why comparative advantage theory improves the allocative efficiency of existing resources. (R) only considers international trade as fuel for growth.

Hence, the correct answer is Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

The correct option is 4 baby industry logic.

• The infant-industry theory states that new industries in developing countries need protection against competitive pressures until they mature.

Important Points

• The infant industry argument is often cited as a rationale for protectionism and was developed by Alexander Hamilton and Friedrich List.
• Developing nation's governments may enact measures such as import duties, tariffs, quotas, and exchange rate controls to give the infant-industry time to develop and stabilize.

• The basic idea is that young, emerging industries in underdeveloped nations need protection from more established industries, usually from foreign nations.

Other Related Points

Special Economic Zone

• A special economic zone is an area in a country that is subject to different economic regulations than other regions within the same country.
• The special economic zone economic regulations tend to be conducive to—and attract—foreign direct investment.

Free trade

• Free trade occurs when goods and services can be bought and sold between countries or subnational regions without tariffs, quotas or other restrictions being applied.

Build-Operate-Transfer

• Build-operate-transfer (BOT) is a contractual relationship in which an organization hires a service provider to set up, optimize and run an IT or business process service delivery operation with the contractually stipulated intent of transferring the operation to the organization as a captive centre.

Hence The correct option is 4 baby industry logic.

The correct answer is option 3.

In News

• Indian Express: Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor raised red flags over banks adopting innovative methods for evergreening of loans – covering up the real status of stressed loans of corporates – to project an artificial clean image in cahoots with corporates.

ExplanationWhat is Evergreening of loans?

• An evergreen loan is a loan that does not require the repayment of principal during the life of the loan, or during a specified period of time.
  • In an evergreen loan, the borrower is required to make only interest payments during the life of the loan.
  • Evergreen loans are usually in the form of a line of credit that is continuously paid down, leaving the borrower with available funds for credit purchases. Evergreen loans may also be known as “standing” or “revolving” loans.
• It is a practice where banks extend even more credit to debt-laden companies to help them repay previous loans. Hence option 3 is correct.
• Instead of recognizing a loan as a Non-Performing Asset (NPA), banks give new loans to borrowers to pay off their previous loans.
• This technique makes the loan appear as if it is performing, because payments are being made, but in reality, the borrower's debt level is increasing due to the additional loans.

The evergreening of loans has several impacts on the economy:

• Distorted Financial Health of Banks:
  • Evergreening hides the real picture of the financial health of banks.
  • It makes the balance sheet of the bank look healthier than it actually is by showing less Non-Performing Assets (NPAs).
  • But in reality, the bad loans are just being pushed forward, creating a potential risk for the future.
• Increased Risk:
  • With evergreening, the risk associated with the loans increases as the original loan along with the new loans could turn bad.
  • This can lead to a higher probability of default.
• Inefficient Allocation of Capital:
  • Evergreening leads to an inefficient allocation of capital.
  • The funds are stuck with companies that are not able to generate enough returns.
  • This can lead to a slowdown in the economy as the funds are not available for more productive sectors.
• Financial Instability:
  • If the evergreening practice becomes widespread, it can potentially lead to financial instability.
  • If a large number of these loans turn bad, it can result in the collapse of financial institutions and can trigger a financial crisis.
• Evergreening of loans has been a significant issue in the Indian banking sector. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has taken several steps to tackle this issue, including stricter NPA recognition norms and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC).

Key Points

i) Total Cost (TC):

• TC refers to the Total Cost of producing any given level of output.
• It can be divided into Total Fixed Cost (TFC) and Total Variable Cost (TVC).
• Thus it can be calculated as; TC = TFC + TVC.

ii) Marginal Cost (MC):

• Marginal cost is the additional cost incurred in the production of one more unit of a good or service i.e. it is the cost of producing one more unit.
• Marginal cost can be calculated by diving the change in the Total Cost by the change in the quantity (Q).
• Therefore, MC = ΔTC / ΔQ

iii) Average Total Cost (ATC):

• Average Total Cost is referred to as the sum total of all production costs (fixed costs and variable costs) divided by the total quantity of output.
• It serves an important function in the business, as having an idea of the average total cost will help business in making decisions related to pricing, if the price is below the total average cost, it will result in loss of money for the business.
• It can be calculated as; ATC = TC / Q or ATC = AFC + AVC.

iv) Average Fixed Cost (AFC):

• The Average Fixed Cost is the fixed cost per unit of output.
• Fixed costs are those costs that must be incurred in fixed quantity regardless of the level of output produced.
  • It can be calculated as; AFC = TFC / Q

Therefore, (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct.

The correct answer is B. at a constant rate as income changes.

The consumption function in economics illustrates how consumer spending correlates with various influencing factors. In its simplest form, it assumes that consumption changes in direct proportion to changes in income. This means that as income increases or decreases, consumption adjusts at a consistent rate. However, real-world complexities such as inflation and future uncertainties often disrupt this straightforward relationship.

Details on Other Options:

• A: This option is incorrect because it suggests that consumption decreases as income rises, which contradicts the basic premise of the consumption function where spending typically increases with income.
• C: This option is incorrect as it implies that consumption rises at a diminishing rate as income increases, which does not align with the simplest consumption function that maintains a constant rate.
• D: This option is incorrect since it indicates that consumption increases at an accelerating rate with income, which is not consistent with the assumption of a constant rate of change.

Conclusion:

The B option stands out as the most accurate, representing the assumption that consumption adjusts at a constant rate relative to income changes, distinguishing it from the other options. Thus, at a constant rate as income changes is the correct choice.

The correct answer is the value of marginal product of labour.
Explanation
The demand and supply of labour:

• Labour and capital are the most commonly chosen inputs by a firm.
• The demand and supply of labour are determined in a market where the participants are firms and labours.
• Firms demand labour from workers in exchange for wages.
• The firm's demand for labor is a derived demand that depends upon the demand of a firm put forward in order to earn a certain amount of output.
• If demand for output increases, the firm will hire more workers (labours). If demand falls, the firm might reduce its work force to reduce costs.
• When the level of output demanded is already known, the firm easily determines how much labor to demand by analyzing the marginal revenue product of labor.
• The marginal revenue product of labour (MRP_L) is the additional revenue the firm earns by employing one more unit of labour. (MRPL) is related to the marginal product of labor (MPL).
• In addition, in a perfectly competitive market, the firm's marginal revenue product of labour is the value of the marginal product of labor.

Hence, The firms are competitive and profit maximizing the demand curve for labour is determined by the value of marginal product of labour.

The correct answer is C. Government borrowings drive up interest rates.

Financial crowding out refers to a situation where increased government borrowing leads to a decrease in private sector investment. This occurs because when the government borrows more, it raises the demand for available credit, which subsequently drives up interest rates. As interest rates rise, the cost of borrowing for private businesses increases, resulting in reduced investment from the private sector.

Details on Other Options:

• A: Credit rationing is the practice of limiting loans to certain borrowers or sectors, which affects credit availability but is not directly linked to the impact of government borrowing on interest rates.
• B: The statement that "what the government borrows cannot be used for private investment" is related to crowding out but does not explain the mechanism of how government borrowing influences interest rates.
• D: RBI controls on commercial bank lending refer to the regulatory measures by the Reserve Bank of India to manage how banks lend money. This concept is separate from crowding out, as it deals with regulation rather than the impact of government borrowing on interest rates.

Conclusion:

Option: C, as the most accurate and relevant option, stands out for its clear explanation of how government borrowing affects interest rates, distinguishing it from the other options. Thus, government borrowings drive up interest rates is the correct choice.

Concept:
Integration by Parts:
∫ f(x) g(x) dx = f(x) ∫ g(x) dx - ∫ [f'(x) ∫ g(x) dx] dx.
Definite Integral:

If ∫ f(x) dx = g(x) + C, then = g(b) - g(a).

Calculation:

Let I = ∫ (1)(log x) dx.
Considering log x as the first function and 1 as the second function, we get:
= (log x) ∫ 1 dx - ∫ [1/x ∫ 1 dx] dx
= (log x) x - x + C
= x (log x - 1) + C

The correct answer is (3) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)Explanation

• X̅-chart : a chart that is used to keep track of sample variation and can be used to measure continuous variables like temperature or weight.
• P chart: a quality assurance statistical tool used to graph the proportions of defective units.
• C chart: It monitors the total number of defectives per unit.
• R chart: a statistical control process chart that shows how the subgroup range changes over time within samples

Hence, The correct answer is (3) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)

Explanation:

Special Drawing Rights refer to an international reserve asset, which was created by the IMF in 1969 to supplement its member countries’ official reserves. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) uses a basket of currencies to determine SDR value. The weightage assigned to those basket of currencies varies as per its prominence in the International trade and the nation’s foreign exchange reserves. The current weightage of currencies are:

• British Pound – 8.09%
• Japanese Yen – 8.33%
• Chinese Yuan – Around 11%
• Euro – Around 31%
• US Dollar – Around 41.73%.

Thus, the US Dollar has the highest weightage followed by the Euro.Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

The correct answer is 1 only.

• India occupies a prominent position in the world oilseeds industry with a contribution of around 10% in worldwide production.
• But the demand for edible oils (extracted from oilseeds in addition to palm oil) is significantly higher than the domestic production, leading to dependence on imports (60% of requirement). Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The government imposes customs duty on edible oils to safeguard the interests of the domestic oil crushing industry.
• The duty on two major edible oils, namely crude sunflower seed oil and crude canola/rapeseed/mustard is 25 percent, while crude soybean oil attracts 30 percent duty. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

Explanation:

General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) lays down set of regulations that governs trade in services among the WTO members. Hence statement 1 is correct.

• GATS was adopted in 1995.
• GATS rules cover a broad range of economic activity such as health care, education, telecommunications, banking, insurance and BPO, tourism and so on. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• India is interested in these fields due to its core competence. Hence statement 4 is correct.
• There are 4 modes in GATS agreement. Hence statement 2 is correct.

• Net Compensation to Employees: It is the gap between payments made to non-resident workers who remain or work on the country's domestic territory for less than a year and payments made to resident workers who live or work overseas for less than a year.
• Net Income from property and entrepreneurship:- This is the difference between the rent, interest, and dividend payments paid to non-residents and the residents of a country in relation to income from property and business.
• Net Retained Earnings:-It describes the discrepancy between retained earnings of resident companies that are located abroad and retained earnings of non-resident corporations that are located on the country's domestic territory.

NFIA = Factor income earned from abroad – Factor income paid abroad.
Hence, Net mixed income, is not a component of NFIA (Net factor income from abroad).

The correct answer is both (A) and (R) are true.
Explanation
Assertion (A): Financial markets are a mechanism enabling participants to deal with financial claims.

• Financial markets play a vital role in facilitating the smooth functioning of capitalist economies by allocating resources and creating liquidity for businesses and entrepreneurs.
• The financial markets make it easy for buyers and sellers to exchange their financial holdings.
• The primary stock market facilitates new issues of stocks.
• Any subsequent trade in stocks takes place in the secondary market, where investors buy and sell securities that they already own.

Thus, the assertion is true.
Reason (R): The markets also provide a facility in which their demands and requirements interact to set a price for such claims.

• Financial markets operate by buying and selling different types of financial instruments including equities, bonds, currencies, and derivatives.
• Financial markets depend on informational transparency to ensure that the markets set prices that are efficient and promote trade in securities.
• Financial markets create securities that provide a return for investors or lenders who have excess funds and make these funds available for borrowers who need additional funds.

Thus, the reason is also true.
On the basis of the above information, it can be concluded that both the assertion and reason are true.

The correct answer is 1 only.

Explanation

• National Income is the value of total goods & services produced in an economy over a given period of time.
• The National Income can be measured by Gross National Product (GNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Income (GNI). Net National Product (NNP), Net National Income (NNI) and Per-Capita Income (PCI).
• The Net Domestic Product is the GDP calculated after adjusting the weight of the value of 'depreciation'. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• In India, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry announces the rates by which assets depreciate and a list is published, which is used by the different sections of the economy to determine the real levels of depreciation in different assets.
• The Gross National Product (GNP) is the GDP of a country added with its 'income from abroad'.
• The GNP is the 'national income' according to which the IMF ranks the countries in terms of the volumes-at Purchasing Power Parity. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
• Items included in the National Income-
  • Goods produced for self-consumption
  • Estimated rent of the self-occupied property
• Items not included in National Income-
  • Intermediate goods
  • Transfer payments (unilateral payments made without expectations of return; like gifts, unemployment allowance, donations, etc)
  • Sale and purchase of old goods and existing services (shares are not included unless they are through an IPO)
  • Windfall gains
  • Black money
  • Work done by housewives
• Hence, statement 3 is not correct.

The correct answer is A, C, and D only.
Explanation
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index:

• Recently, the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2022 was released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI).
• The index is a key international resource that measures acute multidimensional poverty across more than 100 developing countries.
• It was first launched in 2010 by the OPHI and the Human Development Report Office of the UNDP.
• The MPI monitors deprivations in 10 indicators spanning health, education, and standard of living and includes both incidences as well as the intensity of poverty.
• A person is multidimensionally poor if she/he is deprived in one-third or more (means 33% or more) of the weighted indicators (out of the ten indicators).
• Those who are deprived of one-half or more of the weighted indicators are considered living in extreme multidimensional poverty.

It has the following Dimensions and their indicators:

Hence, statements A, C, and D are correct.

Transfer of learning is the correct answer here.
Transfer of learning: it means applying the knowledge learned previously to a new situation. When a person is able to apply the knowledge effectively it is transferred positively in the right situation. There are three types of transfer learning

• Positive transfer: Positive transfer occurs when knowledge acquired in one situation helps the learner to acquire knowledge, skills, or principles in another situation much faster.
• Negative transfer: Negative transfer occurs when the content in a subject or in two different subjects has a negative influence o one another.
• Zero transfer: This refers to acquiring knowledge, skills, or principles that are not transferable from one situation to another.

Purpose of learning transfer: transfer of any learning or education is that a person who acquires some knowledge or skill in a formal and controlled situation like a classroom, or a training situation, will be able to transfer such knowledge and skill to real-life situations and adapt himself more effectively.
Here Ranvir uses her knowledge of the keyboard while she is using a computer in the higher class. So it will be considered a positive transfer of learning.
Additional information:

• Practice keyboard: it is a process of adopting the typing skill
• Interest in computers: it is an intrinsic motivation to learn computer
• The simplicity of the keyboard: it is a perception that varies from person to person