Daily Current Affairs MCQs: 21st January 2025 - Bank Exams MCQ

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) primarily spreads through respiratory droplets, which are expelled when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This mode of transmission is common among respiratory viruses, making it essential for individuals to practice good hygiene, such as wearing masks and maintaining distance in crowded places, especially during outbreaks. Interestingly, HMPV was first identified in 2001, yet it has been circulating among humans for decades, highlighting the ongoing need for awareness and preventive measures in public health.

HMPV, or Human Metapneumovirus, has been recognized for decades, making it a well-studied entity in viral respiratory infections. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus that emerged in late 2019, leading to the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the timeline of virus discovery is crucial in epidemiology and public health, as it helps inform responses and preparedness strategies against emerging infectious diseases. Interestingly, while HMPV is generally associated with milder respiratory illnesses, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted the potential for severe health impacts from novel viruses.

One of the primary recommendations from NITI Aayog emphasizes the importance of investing in the research and development of vaccines as part of pandemic preparedness. This investment is crucial for ensuring that the healthcare system can respond effectively to future outbreaks. A strong vaccine development program not only aids in immediate response but also builds long-term resilience against infectious diseases. Interestingly, the rapid development of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic has showcased how crucial timely investment and innovation in this area can be for public health.

One of the primary advantages of the SSI Mantra surgical tele-robotic system is its enhanced precision in surgical procedures. This increased level of precision allows surgeons to perform intricate operations with greater accuracy, minimizing the risk of complications and improving overall patient outcomes. Additionally, the system reduces trauma to the body, leading to smaller incisions and less blood loss, which further contributes to faster recovery times for patients. Interestingly, advancements in robotic surgery are revolutionizing the field of medicine, allowing for procedures to be performed remotely, which can significantly widen access to specialized surgical care, especially in remote areas.

The primary objective of the SVAMITVA scheme is to provide a 'record of rights' to homeowners in rural areas. This initiative aims to formalize property ownership in villages, allowing residents to leverage their land as a financial asset. By issuing property cards, the scheme facilitates access to loans and other financial services, thereby enhancing economic activities in rural communities. An interesting fact is that the use of advanced technology, such as drones for surveying and creating GIS-based maps, marks a significant innovation in land record management in India.

The primary conflict arises from the UGC's 2018 regulations, which mandate the inclusion of a UGC nominee in Vice Chancellor search committees. This requirement has led to tensions with State laws that have their own provisions for appointing VCs. States argue that this imposition infringes on their autonomy in university governance, while the UGC maintains that it is essential for maintaining uniform academic standards nationwide. Understanding this issue is crucial as it reflects the broader challenge of balancing central authority with state autonomy in educational governance. An interesting fact is that this conflict has significant implications for the academic administration and governance of universities, potentially affecting the quality of education delivered to students.

Contract farming is characterized by a formal agreement between farmers and buyers, outlining the terms for production and marketing, including pricing, quantity, quality, and delivery schedules. This arrangement allows farmers to gain financial stability and access to new markets while also introducing new technologies into their farming practices. An interesting fact about contract farming is that it has gained traction globally as a way to improve agricultural productivity and ensure a stable supply of products for buyers, thus creating a win-win situation when managed effectively.

The primary purpose of Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) is to acquire and restructure non-performing assets (NPAs) from banks and financial institutions. By doing so, ARCs help banks recover bad debts, enhance their financial stability, and allow them to focus on productive lending. This process of restructuring might involve various strategies, such as liquidating assets or negotiating settlements, ultimately aiming to improve the overall health of the banking sector. An interesting fact about ARCs is that they can purchase these non-performing loans at discounted rates, which can lead to significant financial recovery for banks if managed effectively.

The court highlighted the significance of evaluating both aggravating and mitigating circumstances when determining the appropriate sentence for Sanjoy Roy. This approach aligns with the legal framework established in the Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980) ruling, which asserts that the death penalty should only be applied in the "rarest of rare" cases, taking into account various factors that could either increase or lessen the severity of the punishment. Understanding these principles is crucial for ensuring a fair and just legal process. Interestingly, the consideration of mitigating factors has evolved, with courts increasingly acknowledging the youth and psychological state of offenders as valid reasons for less severe sentences.

The primary concern regarding the consideration of age in judicial sentencing is that it highlights inconsistencies in how courts evaluate mitigating factors. Different jurisdictions and cases may treat age variably, leading to potential disparities in sentencing outcomes. This inconsistency underscores the need for a fairer approach that balances the nature of the crime with the offender’s individual circumstances, including their age and potential for rehabilitation. An interesting fact is that some jurisdictions have implemented special sentencing guidelines for juvenile offenders to account for their developmental differences compared to adults.