EMRS TGT Science Mock Test - 4 - EMRS MCQ

● The Rs. 20 Currency Note issued by the Reserve Bank of India has the dimension of 147 × 63 mm².

● The base colour of the currency note is Red-Orange.

● This note of the Mahatma Gandhi Series was introduced by RBI in August 2001.

Article 368 of Indian constitution gives exclusive power to parliament to amend the constitution and its procedures.

Thermoelectric refrigerators operate according to the Peltier effect. The effect creates a temperature difference by transferring heat between two electrical junctions. A voltage is applied across joined conductors to create an electric current.

Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area and a tiger reserve as part of Project Tiger, located 38 km northwest of Chikkamagaluru town in Karnataka state, India.

The 1929 Congress session was held in Lahore. In this session, the declaration of complete independence or 'Purna Swaraj' was adopted.

Garadi is a popular folk dance of Puducherry.

August 9, 1925: The Kakori Train Robbery
The incidence that is known in Indian history for August 9, 1925, is the Kakori Train Robbery. Here are the details of this historic event:
1. Background:
- The Kakori Train Robbery took place during the British Raj in India.
- It was a significant act of rebellion against British rule and became a symbol of resistance.
2. The Robbery:
- On August 9, 1925, a group of revolutionaries associated with the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) stopped the 8 Down Saharanpur-Lucknow Passenger Train at Kakori near Lucknow.
- The robbers, including Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah Khan, and Chandrashekhar Azad, aimed to loot the train to fund their revolutionary activities.
3. Execution and Aftermath:
- The revolutionaries, disguised as passengers, entered the train and looted the cash bags belonging to the British government.
- However, during the robbery, a passenger named Abdul Hafiz Mohammad Barkatullah was shot and killed mistakenly by one of the revolutionaries.
- After the robbery, the revolutionaries managed to escape, but a massive manhunt was launched by the British authorities to capture them.
4. Arrests and Trials:
- Eventually, many of the participants in the Kakori Train Robbery were arrested, including Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah Khan, and Rajendra Lahiri.
- They were put on trial and faced severe punishments.
- Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan were sentenced to death and executed, while others received various prison terms.
5. Significance:
- The Kakori Train Robbery became a significant event in the Indian independence movement.
- It highlighted the determination and courage of Indian revolutionaries in their fight against British colonial rule.
- The incident also led to increased public support for the independence movement and inspired future generations of freedom fighters.
In conclusion, the Kakori Train Robbery is the historical event associated with August 9, 1925, in Indian history. It symbolizes the spirit of resistance against British rule and remains an important part of the struggle for Indian independence.

Leucoplast is a colourless organelle found in plant cells used for storage of food or starch.

Given: W > X, X > Y and Y > Z

On combining: W > X > Y > Z

I) X > Z → True

II) W > Z → True

III) Z > W → False (as W > Z)

IV) W > Y → True

Hence, Z > W is definitely wrong.

Given statements: L > F = S < T ≤ Q < P

I. F < Q → True (as F = S < T ≤ Q)

II. L > S → True (as L > F = S)

III. T < P → True (as T ≤ Q < P)

Hence, all of the given conclusions follow.

G!A^T+J&O @L^P! G: G is parent of A, A is child of T, T is sister-in-law of J, J is wife of O, O is brother of L, L is child of P, P is parent of G.

To undo an action Click Undo Button on the Quick Access Toolbar. Keyboard shortcut Press CTRL+Z or F2. For the F2 function key to undo your last action, you might need to press the F-Lock key.

• Mahatma Gandhi's System of Education: All of these
  Mahatma Gandhi propounded a comprehensive system of education that encompassed various methods and approaches. His philosophy of education emphasized holistic development and aimed to nurture individuals with moral values, self-reliance, and a deep understanding of social responsibility. Gandhi believed that education should not only be focused on academic learning but should also encompass spiritual, physical, and practical aspects of life.
• Teaching through Listening, Meditation, etc.
  Gandhi emphasized the importance of developing active listening skills and cultivating a peaceful and focused mind. He believed that through deep listening and meditation, students could attain inner peace, clarity, and a deeper understanding of oneself and the world around them. This approach aimed to develop a sense of introspection and self-awareness among students, allowing them to connect with their inner selves and develop a sense of empathy towards others.
• Teaching through Music
  Music played a significant role in Gandhi's educational philosophy. He believed that music had the power to uplift the human spirit, enhance creativity, and foster a sense of unity and harmony among individuals. Gandhi encouraged the use of music as a tool for teaching values, instilling discipline, and promoting emotional well-being. He believed that through the use of music, students could develop a deeper appreciation for beauty, culture, and spirituality.
• Teaching by Activities
  Gandhi advocated for a hands-on approach to learning, where students actively engage in various activities to gain practical knowledge and skills. He emphasized the importance of learning through experience and encouraged students to participate in activities such as farming, manual labor, handicrafts, and community service. These activities aimed to develop a sense of responsibility, self-sufficiency, and a connection to nature and society.

Idealism, as a philosophy of education, focuses on the development of the mind and intellect. It believes that education should primarily be concerned with the pursuit of knowledge, ideas, and truth. The aim of education, according to idealism, is to enable individuals to understand and appreciate the world through the power of reason and critical thinking.
In the given statement, the belief that education is the process of natural development of the child aligns with the idealist perspective. Idealism emphasizes that education should be a natural and organic process, allowing individuals to unfold and develop their potential in a harmonious manner.
Key Points:

1. Emphasis on ideas and the mind: Idealism highlights the importance of ideas and the mind in understanding reality and shaping knowledge.
2. Development of intellect and moral character: Idealism views education as a means to develop and cultivate the intellect and moral character of individuals.
3. Pursuit of knowledge and truth: Idealism believes that education should focus on the pursuit of knowledge, ideas, and truth.
4. Natural development of the child: Idealism aligns with the idea that education should facilitate the natural development of the child into a harmoniously balanced and rational life.

The role of government in schooling is influenced by various factors, including the extent to which schooling affects the public interest and welfare, as well as the level of inter-dependence in institutional arrangements within society. However, option A suggests that the role of government in schooling will not be affected by either of these conditions, which is incorrect.
Let's break down the options and analyze them further:
A: It will be affected by neither of the foregoing conditions

• This option implies that the role of government in schooling will not be influenced by the extent to which schooling affects the public interest and welfare or the level of inter-dependence in institutional arrangements. This is not accurate, as these factors do have an impact on the role of government in schooling.

B: It will swell if schooling affects larger domains of the public interest and welfare

• This option suggests that if schooling has a significant impact on broader aspects of the public interest and welfare, the role of government in schooling will expand. This is a valid point, as governments often intervene and play a larger role when education has a significant impact on society.

C: It will diminish if schooling affects smaller domains of the public interest and welfare

• This option states that if schooling has a limited impact on narrower aspects of the public interest and welfare, the role of government in schooling will decrease. This is also a valid point, as governments may have less involvement when education has a minimal impact on society.

D: It will swell if the institutional arrangements in the society become more and more inter-dependent

• This option suggests that as the level of inter-dependence in institutional arrangements increases, the role of government in schooling will expand. This is a reasonable statement, as governments often play a larger role in education when there is a need for coordination and regulation among various institutions.

The Essential Function of the Family as a Social Institution: Rearing of Children during their Immaturity
The family is considered a fundamental social institution that plays a crucial role in society. Its essential function lies in the rearing of children during their immaturity. Let us dive into the details of why this function is considered crucial:

• Nurturing and Care: The family provides a nurturing and caring environment for children. It is within the family unit that children receive love, attention, and support from their parents or caregivers. This emotional support helps children feel secure, build self-esteem, and develop healthy relationships.
• Physical and Emotional Development: Families are responsible for meeting the physical and emotional needs of children. They provide food, shelter, clothing, and healthcare to ensure children's physical well-being. Additionally, families also contribute to children's emotional development by providing a stable and supportive environment, teaching them values, and helping them understand their emotions and experiences.
• Socialization and Identity Formation: Families are primary agents of socialization, playing a significant role in shaping a child's personality, values, and beliefs. Through interactions and experiences within the family, children learn societal norms, cultural traditions, and appropriate behaviors. Family members serve as role models, and children develop their identity by internalizing the values and behaviors they observe.
• Education and Skill Development: While formal education is primarily the responsibility of educational institutions, families play a vital role in the initial stages of a child's education. Parents and caregivers are often the first teachers, introducing children to basic concepts, language skills, and moral values. They promote cognitive development through storytelling, games, and educational activities, preparing children for formal education.
• Transmission of Cultural Heritage: Families contribute to the transmission of cultural heritage from one generation to another. They pass on traditions, customs, language, and religious practices, ensuring the preservation of cultural identity. Through family interactions, children learn about their heritage, history, and societal values, fostering a sense of belonging and continuity.
• Preparation for Adulthood: Families help prepare children for adulthood by imparting essential life skills and values. They teach responsibility, independence, problem-solving, and decision-making skills. Parents guide children through different stages of development, preparing them for the challenges and responsibilities they will face as adults.

Religion Alone Cannot Prevent Wars and Bring Peace

• While religion plays a significant role in promoting peace and harmony, it is incorrect to argue that it alone can prevent wars and bring about peace.
• Wars and conflicts throughout history have often been fueled by religious differences and disagreements. Religions have been used to justify violence and acts of aggression.
• Many wars have been fought between religious groups, such as the Crusades, the Thirty Years' War, and the conflicts in Northern Ireland.
• Peaceful coexistence and the prevention of wars require not only religious tolerance but also political, economic, and social measures.

Religion Alone Cannot Make People More Spiritual, Devoted, Loving, and Perfect

• While religion can inspire individuals to become more spiritual, devoted, loving, and strive for personal growth, it cannot guarantee these outcomes on its own.
• People's spiritual and moral development is influenced by various factors, including personal beliefs, experiences, education, and cultural norms.
• Some individuals may use religion as a means to promote their own personal agenda or to justify harmful actions.
• Personal growth and moral development require a holistic approach that encompasses various aspects of life, including education, relationships, and personal introspection.

Religion Can Teach Values Essential for a Good Life and Society

• Religion does play a crucial role in teaching values to communities, which can contribute to a good life and society.
• Religious teachings often promote virtues such as compassion, forgiveness, honesty, and respect for others.
• These values can foster a sense of community, promote social cohesion, and contribute to the overall well-being of individuals and society.
• However, it is important to note that ethical and moral values can also be taught and developed through secular means, such as education, philosophy, and cultural practices.

Religion Can Provide Common Worship and Religious Orientation

• Religion can provide a sense of unity and peace through common worship and a shared religious orientation.
• Participating in religious rituals and ceremonies can create a sense of belonging and connection among individuals within a religious community.
• The shared belief in a higher power or a divine purpose can provide comfort and solace to individuals, fostering a sense of peace and unity.
• However, it is important to recognize that unity and peace can also be achieved through non-religious means, such as shared values, common goals, and mutual respect.

Develops Essential Values in Children
Religious education plays a crucial role in developing essential values in children. Here is a detailed explanation of how it achieves this:

• Moral and Ethical Values: Religious education introduces children to important moral and ethical principles found within various religious traditions. It helps them understand concepts such as compassion, forgiveness, honesty, and respect. By exploring these values, children develop a strong moral compass that guides their behavior and decision-making.
• Cultural Understanding: Religious education exposes children to different religious beliefs, practices, and traditions. This fosters cultural understanding and promotes tolerance and acceptance of diversity. By learning about different religions, children develop empathy and respect for people from various backgrounds, reducing prejudice and discrimination.
• Sense of Purpose and Meaning: Religion often addresses fundamental questions about the purpose and meaning of life. Religious education provides children with an opportunity to explore existential questions, encouraging them to reflect on their own beliefs and values. This exploration helps children develop a sense of purpose and find meaning in their lives, contributing to their overall wellbeing.
• Character Development: Religious education emphasizes virtues such as honesty, kindness, generosity, and perseverance. By learning about these virtues, children develop a strong character and learn to act in ways that benefit themselves and society. These values shape their attitudes, behaviors, and relationships, ultimately contributing to their personal growth and success.
• Social Responsibility: Religious teachings often emphasize the importance of serving others and contributing to the well-being of society. Religious education encourages children to develop a sense of social responsibility and instills in them the desire to make a positive difference in their communities. This fosters a sense of civic engagement and active participation in creating a better society.

The incorrect statement about the school as a social institution is option D: It stands for the professional ideals of the community rather than the ideals it practices and tolerates.
School as a Social Institution:

• Schools are considered social institutions as they play a crucial role in society by providing education and socialization to individuals.
• They are responsible for meeting the needs of the pupils who come for schooling, teaching about the social order and its institutions, and promoting the good life in general.

Incorrect Statement:

• Option D states that the school stands for the professional ideals of the community rather than the ideals it practices and tolerates.
• This statement is incorrect because schools are expected to uphold and promote the ideals they practice and tolerate, rather than merely representing the professional ideals of the community.
• Schools should aim to provide an environment that aligns with their stated ideals and values, and not simply reflect the professional ideals of the community.

In summary, while options A, B, and C correctly describe the role and responsibilities of schools as social institutions, option D is incorrect as it does not accurately represent the purpose and function of schools.