English & General Awareness - 1 - SSC CGL MCQ

The correct answer is 'Option 3' i.e. 'Associate'.

Key Points

• The word "Buddy" refers to a close friend or a companion.
• It's a casual term often used in American English to denote friendship.
• Associate: An associate can refer to a partner or colleague in business or at work, or more generally, a person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend.(सहयोगी)
• While not as close as a buddy typically would be, "associate" is the closest synonym in this list.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'Associate'.

Additional Information

• Looking at the provided options:
  • Stylist: A stylist is a person whose job is to arrange and coordinate food, clothes, etc. in a stylish and attractive way, especially for photographs or films.(स्टाइलिस्ट)
  • Foe: A foe is an enemy or a person who is opposed to someone.(शत्रु)
  • Enemy: An enemy is a person who is actively opposed or hostile to someone.(दुश्मन)

The correct answer is 'Dependence'.

Key Points

• 'Autonomy' refers to the capacity to make an informed, un-coerced decision or the right or condition of self-government, especially in a particular area or subject. It carries the notion of independence and self-rule.
• The antonym of 'Autonomy' would be a word that conveys the opposite meaning, i.e., lack of self-rule or being controlled or governed by others.
• All the given options - 'Submissiveness', 'Dependence', 'Subordination', and 'Slavery' - suggest a lack of independence or self-rule to varying degrees.
• However, 'Dependence' is the most fitting antonym for 'Autonomy' as it directly contrasts the independence implied in 'Autonomy'.
• Dependency suggests a reliance on something else, and hence, lack of autonomy.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2 'Dependence'.

Additional Information

• Submissiveness: a willingness to allow control by other people or animals, or behavior that shows this
• Subordination: the action of subordinating or the state of being subordinate.
• While the other options also present a lack of autonomy, they carry additional connotations that deviate slightly from the pure antithesis of 'Autonomy' that 'Dependence' provides. For instance, 'Submissiveness' has a more passive connotation, 'Subordination' implies being lower in rank or position, and 'Slavery' is a much stronger term involving total control by another group or entity.

The correctly spelt word is 'Argument'.

Key Points

• Argument: a situation in which two or more people disagree, often angrily.
  • Example: She had a big argument with her husband.
• Thus, we can say that the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. 'Only A.'

Key Points

• The second sentence of the third paragraph says that "Mirkin's team has studied the effect of vaccine structure in the context of seven different types of cancer..." As the highlighted portion does not match, therefore, statement A is incorrect.
• The third sentence of the second paragraph says that "The antigen targets the immune system, and the adjuvant is a stimulator that increases the effectiveness of the antigen." As it matches, therefore, statement B is correct.
• The first sentence of the first paragraph says that "Researchers at Northwestern University's International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN) have discovered a novel method to significantly boost the effectiveness of practically any vaccine." As it matches, therefore, statement C is correct.
• Therefore from the above sentence, we can certainly say that among all the combinations, option 1 contains only statement A.
• Hence, the only possible answer is option 1.

The correct answer is '​Whatever happens, happens for the good.'

Key Points

• The fifth sentence of the fourth paragraph says ''Even those who were reluctant were forced to join the army'', the last sentence of the fourth paragraph says ''The army leader told Yugiyama, Your son is injured and so he will not be of any help on the battlefield'' and the last sentence of the fifth paragraph concludes "Like always, the old man thanked them and said, "Whatever happens, happens for the good." It was only then that the villagers understood the true meaning of Yugiyama’s words."
• From the above sentences, we can say that the central theme of the passage is ''​Whatever happens, happens for the good.''

Hence, the only possible answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'Liaise'.

Key Points

• The word 'Coordinate' can act as a noun or verb: by looking at the options, we can see here that the question involves the verb denotation.
• As a verb, it has two common and close but slightly different denotations:
  1. to bring the different elements of (a complex activity or organization) into a harmonious or efficient relationship.
     • For example, We need someone to coordinate the whole campaign.
  2. to negotiate with others in order to work together effectively; cooperate.
     • For example, Voluntary organizations will need to coordinate their efforts to help the flood victims during this time of crisis.
• The marked option 'Liaise' means to cooperate on a matter of mutual concern.
  • For example, He has been one of the civil servants who liaise between the prime minister and cabinet ministers for the last twenty years.
• We can see that the word 'Liaise' can express one meaning of the word 'Coordinate.'

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• Importune ⇒ harass someone persistently for or to do something.
• Beshrew ⇒ to invoke or wish evil upon; to curse.
• Malinger ⇒ pretend to be ill in order to escape duty or work.

The correct answer is 'a'.

Key Points

• The error lies in the usage of 'the' before 'contact'.
• The article 'the' is used before a noun when we want to express that noun in a particular way not in a general way.
  • ​For example:- New York is the largest city in the United States.
• As in the given sentence, we are talking about the communication of a man with the best things to be thought of and said to in a general sense. Thus, the usage of 'the' before 'contact' is inappropriate.
• Come in/into contact means to touch (something); to see and begin communicating with (someone).
  • ​For example:- (1) Do not let your skin come in/into contact with the acid.
  • (2) It was during that time that native people first came in/into contact with the settlers.
• As come in/into contact is an idiom, we can't change it by adding any parts of speech to it but it can be transformed into different forms depending on the tense.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct Sentence: If a man diligently seeks to come into contact with the best that has been thought and said in this world he will become simple and unselfish.

The correct answer is 'A sweater was being knitted by her at that time.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is in Past Continuous Tense and in Active Voice.
• The rule for changing a Past Continuous Tense from Active voice to Passive voice or Passive to Active Voice:
• Interchange the object and subject with each other, i.e. object of the active sentence become the subject of the passive sentence.
• Structure:
  • Subject + was/were + v1 + ing + object (Active Voice)
  • Object + was/were + being + V3 + by Subject (Passive Voice)
• Example:
  • Esha was singing a song. (Active Voice)
  • A song was being sung by Esha. (Passive Voice)
• ​Thus, the correct answer is Option 1.​​

Correct sentence: A sweater was being knitted by her at that time.

Mistake Points

• There may be confusion between Options 1 and 2.
• "This" is changed to "That" in the case of narration (Direct to Indirect Speech) and not in the case of voices.

The correct answer is 'The likes and dislikes of a nation are reflected in the behaviour of its human beings.'

Key Points

• In this context, we need to focus on two rules related to articles:
  • If two nouns are connected with the help of the conjunction "and", then the article must be placed in front of the first noun only.
    • Example:
    • The advantages and disadvantages of this project were discussed. [Corerct]
    • The advantages and the disadvantages of this project were discussed. [Incorrect]
  • Use the article "a or an" to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category.
  • The definite article 'the' is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known and specific to the reader.
• Here we are talking about the specific "behaviour", therefore, we need to use "the" with it.

​Correct sentence: The likes and dislikes of a nation are reflected in the behaviour of its human beings.

Fragment D of the sentence is erroneous.
Reason:
The phrase ‘again each other’ is incorrect as the adverb ‘again’ shall be used after the pronoun ‘each other.’
Ex. They communicate with each other in their native language.
Ex. It was great to meet childhood friends again.
An adverb is a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc.
A pronoun is a word that can function as a noun phrase used by itself and that refers either to the participants in the discourse (e.g. I, you) or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse (e.g. she, it, this).
Correct Sentence:
You talk as though we are never going to see each other again.
Thus, Option D is the correct answer.

If we read all the sentences, we can infer that they are not in a correct order.
Among all the above sentences, it is very clear to find out that the opening statement is 'C' as the whole passage revolves around 'fake new'.
Further, 'C' is followed by 'B' as it continues to mention the reasons behind spread of fake news.
The, 'D' will follow 'B' because it is stating its impact which is followed by 'A' that is continuing stating its impacts.
Thus, we get the final arrangement: CBDA
Hence, option B is the correct answer.

The correct meaning of ‘loaves and fishes’ is ‘material benefit.’
Hence, option B is the correct answer.

The correct meaning of ‘bird of passage’ is ‘one who comes occasionally.’
Hence, option B is the correct answer.

“A recent review of the evidence on long Covid suggests the condition affects at least 65 million people around the world, occurring after at least 10% of Covid infections, and affecting all age groups.”
Clearly, only option D correctly states the statistics.
Option D is hence the correct answer.

“…poor Indian indentured labourers who were recruited on five-year contracts after Britain abolished slavery in 1833 and shipped to work in the Caribbean, Africa and South East Asia”
After slavery was abolished, labourers were needed to fill the gaps left behind by the former slaves.
Option A is hence the correct answer.

““They deceived and took me away,” sings Maurya, who lives in Eastern Bihar state, his fingers caressing the harmonium, a type of organ that is popular in India. “And caged me onto their land,” he sings…”
Here, the speaker is Gopal Maurya, who is singing a song from the point of view of an Indian indentured labourer. The labourer was brought into the work for a five-year contract, yet the phrase "caged me" implies that he was not free to leave.

In the given sentence error is in option B.
According to subject-verb agreement, ‘more than one’ is singular in nature. Use of ‘singular noun’, ‘singular pronoun’ and ‘singular verb’ is correct with it.
Replace ‘women have raised’ with ‘woman has raised.’
Hence, option B is the correct answer.

The correct answer is option D. The correct word to fill in the blank is ‘flurry.’
Vilest : offensive
Rein : restrain
Cognizance : awareness
Flurry : a number of things happening suddenly and during the same time
The sentence here would mean that a lot of developments in bilateral activity contrasts with past developments, especially after Mr. Trudeau’s disastrous India visit in 2018, that led to the cancellation of diplomatic activity.
Hence, option D is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Option 4.

In News

• PIB: GHAR (GO Home and Re-Unite) Portal for Restoration and Repatriation of Child launched by NCPCR.

Key Points

GHAR (Go Home And Re-Unite) Portal:

• The GHAR (Go Home And Re-Unite) portal is a significant initiative by the Ministry of Women and Child Development. Hence option 4 is the correct answer.
• Here are some more details about the portal:
  • The portal was developed to digitally monitor and track the restoration and repatriation of children as per the protocols under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.
  • It was developed by the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) with the purpose of digitally monitoring and tracking the restoration and repatriation of children
  • It enables digital tracking and monitoring of children who are in the Juvenile Justice system and have to be repatriated to another Country/State/District.
  • The portal allows for the digital transfer of cases of children to the concerned Juvenile Justice Board/Child Welfare Committee of the State for speedy repatriation of children.
  • Child Welfare Committees and District Child Protection Officers can ensure proper restoration and rehabilitation of children by digitally monitoring the progress of the case of the child.
  • A checklist format is provided in the forms so that the children who are hard to repatriate or children who are not getting their entitled compensation or other monetary benefits can be identified.
  • The portal provides a list of government-implemented schemes, so that at the time of restoration the Child Welfare Committees can link the child with the schemes to strengthen the family and ensure that child remains with his/her family.
  • As informed by NCPCR, a total of 5175 children have been registered on the Go Home and Re-Unite (GHAR) Portal for repatriation.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3 only.

Key Points

Tropical Rain Forests in India

• It occurs in areas which receive heavy rainfall.
• They are so dense that sunlight doesn’t reach the ground.
• They shed their leaves at different times of the year therefore, they always appear green and are called an Evergreen Forest.
• This type of Forest is found in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of North-Eastern states and a narrow strip of the Western slope of the Western Ghats. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• In India, this type of forest is found in areas that receive more than 200 cm of rainfall and have a temperature of 15 to 30 degrees Celsius.
• The pine and coniferous woodland in the Western Himalayas completely contrast with the tropical forests in the east of India.
• With increasing height, India’s natural cover changes; these evergreen woods are bordered by high alpine meadows closer to the snowline and temperate forests of short, robust trees at lower elevations.
• There are deciduous trees, bushes, bamboo, ferns, and grass at the foothills of the Himalayas.
• Tall trees with hardwood and broad leaves can be found here.
• A substantial canopy of trees is formed.

The correct answer is 1 Joule per Coulomb.​

Key Points

• It can also be expressed as amperes times ohms, joules per coulomb (energy per unit charge), or watts per ampere (power per unit current).
  • And finally, volt can be stated in SI base units as 1 V = 1 kg m2 s-3 A -1 (one-kilogram meter squared per second cubed per ampere).
• Hence option 2 is correct.​

Additional Information

• SI Unit of Voltage
  • The standard unit of measurement used for the expression of voltage is volt which is represented by the symbol v.
    • However, the volt is a derived SI unit of electric potential or electromotive force.
    • For this reason, volt can further be defined in several ways.
  • Volt can also be defined as electric potential along a wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt (W) of power (W = J/s).
    • V = W/A

The correct answer is Rohan Bopanna.

In News

• Rohan Bopanna became the oldest grand slam champion with Australian Open doubles.

Key Points

• Rohan Bopanna, alongside Matthew Ebden, clinched the Australian Open men's doubles title in 2024.
• This victory made Bopanna, aged 43, the oldest-ever player to win a Grand Slam, surpassing Jean-Julien Rojer's record.
• They defeated the Italian pair of Simone Bolelli and Andrea Vavassori in the final with a score of 7-6(0), 7-5.

Additional Information

• Despite being a seasoned player, it was Bopanna's first Grand Slam doubles triumph after 60 attempts, marking a remarkable achievement in his career.
• Bopanna's previous Grand Slam win was in mixed doubles at the 2017 French Open, making this victory particularly significant.
• This historic win solidified Bopanna's legacy in tennis and added another feather to his illustrious career.​
• He has won two major titles in doubles, including the 2017 French Open mixed doubles with Gabriela Dabrowski and the 2024 Australian Open men's doubles with Matthew Ebden, becoming the oldest major winner in the Open Era.
• ATP Tour Success: Bopanna boasts an impressive record on the ATP Tour, clinching 24 doubles titles, including five at the Masters 1000 level. He became the oldest Masters winner with a title at the 2023 Indian Wells Masters.
• Representing India: He has been a key member of the Indian Davis Cup team since 2002 and has represented India at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games, showcasing his commitment to representing his country on the international stage.

The correct answer is Only three pairs.

Key Points

Caucasus:

• The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
• It mainly comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.
• It is known for its alpine terrain.
• The Caucasus is home to Mount Elbrus, the highest mountain peak in Europe, on the Russo-Georgian border.
• The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain range at the intersection of Asia and Europe. Hence pair 1 is incorrectly matched.

Appalachian Mountains:

• The Appalachian Mountains, often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern to northeastern North America. Hence pair 2 is incorrectly matched.
• The mountain range is mainly in the United States.
• However, it extends into southeastern Canada, forming a zone from 100 to 300 mi (160 to 480 km) wide.
• Running from the island of Newfoundland 1,500 mi (2,400 km) southwestward to Central Alabama in the United States.

Prince Charles Mountains:

• The Prince Charles Mountains are a major group of mountains in Mac. Robertson Land in Antarctica. Hence pair 3 is incorrectly matched.
• It includes the Athos Range, the Porthos Range, and the Aramis Range.
• They were named by ANCA in 1956 for King Charles III, then Prince Charles and heir to the throne, son of the late Queen Elizabeth II.

Kalgoorlie:

• Kalgoorlie is a city in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia. Hence pair 4 is correctly matched.
• It is located 595 km east-northeast of Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway.
• Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie are world-famous gold mines located in Western Australia.

​

Additional Information

• A continent is a large continuous mass of land conventionally regarded as a collective region.
• There are seven continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia (listed from largest to smallest in size).
• Sometimes Europe and Asia are considered one continent called Eurasia.

The correct answer is Break in the monsoon.

Key Points

• A break in the monsoon refers to a period of one or more weeks during the southwest monsoon season when there is a significant reduction in rainfall activity.
• This phenomenon is common in regions that experience the monsoon climate, such as India and Southeast Asia.
• A break in the monsoon can have serious consequences for agriculture, as crops may suffer from drought and water scarcity.
• The occurrence of a break in the monsoon is influenced by various factors, including the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO).

Additional Information

• The withdrawal of the monsoon refers to the gradual retreat of the monsoon winds from their summer position.
• El Nino is a climate pattern that occurs when sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean become abnormally warm.
• This can affect global weather patterns, including the monsoon, by altering atmospheric circulation patterns.
• A monsoon depression is a weather system that forms over the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea and can bring heavy rainfall to coastal areas.
• They are usually accompanied by strong winds and can cause flooding and landslides.
• The term "monsoon" refers to a seasonal wind system that brings heavy rainfall to certain regions during a specific time of year.
• The south-west monsoon is the most significant monsoon in India and usually occurs from June to September.

The correct answer is option 3.

In News

• The Hindu: 2023 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences awarded to U.S. economist Claudia Goldin for research on the workplace gender gap.

​Key Points

Nobel Prize 2023: Economics

• Claudia Goldin, an economist, conducted a comprehensive study spanning 200 years on women's participation in the workplace.
• Despite sustained economic growth, Goldin's research revealed that women's pay did not consistently catch up to men's earnings, and a gender pay gap still exists, even though women have achieved higher levels of education than men. Hence option 3 is correct.
• Goldin's research does not offer specific solutions but provides policymakers with valuable insights into the persistent problem of the gender pay gap.
• Economist Randi Hjalmarsson, a member of the Nobel committee, highlighted that Goldin's work explains the origins of the pay gap, how it has evolved over time, and its variations in different stages of development, making it a complex policy challenge.
• Claudia Goldin noted that what happens in people's homes is interconnected with workplace dynamics, as women often take jobs that allow them to balance their work and family responsibilities, which tend to pay less.
• Goldin had to overcome challenges related to missing historical labor market data by creatively searching for novel data sources to measure these gaps.
• Goldin's analysis suggests that a woman's role in the job market and her income are influenced not only by societal and economic changes but also by her individual decisions, such as her educational choices.
• Young girls often make career decisions based on their mothers' experiences, contributing to the slow pace of change in gender wage disparities.
• The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by Sweden's central bank and is formally known as the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
• In the previous year, the Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to former Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond, and Philip Dybvig for their research on bank failures, which influenced the United States' response to the 2007-2008 financial crisis.

The correct answer is Cytoplasm.

Key Points

• Glucose is converted into pyruvate in the cytoplasm of the cell.
• The process is known as glycolysis
• The cytoplasm is the fluid content inside the plasma membrane.
• The cytoplasm has many specialized cell organelles that perform special functions.

Important Points

• The nucleus plays an important role in cell reproduction and determining the way in which the cell will develop and the form it will exhibit at maturity by directing chemical activities.
• It is found in both animal and plant cells.
• The nucleus is also known as the Control tower of the cells.
• Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
• It is found in both animal and plant cells.
• Mitochondria is also known as the Powerhouse of cells.
• Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins.
• It is found in both animal and plant cells.
• The endoplasmic reticulum is also known as the Traffic police of the cells.

The correct answer is Public Debt

• Public Debt (Government Debt) is the debt owed by the government.
• Whereas monetary policy is framed, devised, and implemented by the RBI.
• Public Debt does not fall in the ambit of RBI and can never be a part of monetary policy.
• Public debt includes the total liabilities of the Union government that have to be paid from the Consolidated Fund of India. Sometimes, the term is also used to refer to the overall liabilities of the central and state governments. However, the Union government clearly distinguishes its debt liabilities from those of the states. It calls the overall liabilities of both the Union government and states as General Government Debt (GGD) or Consolidated General Government Debt.
• Since the Union government relies heavily on market borrowing to meet its operational and developmental expenditure, the study of public debt becomes key to understand the financial health of the government. The study of public debt involves the study of various factors such as debt-to-GDP ratio, and sustainability, and sources of government debt. The fact that almost a fourth of the government expenditure goes into interest payment explains the magnitude of the liabilities of the Union government.

The correct answer is Bile juice, Pancreatic juice.

Key Points

• Bile juice, Pancreatic juice secreted by the organs plays an important role in the digestion of fats.
• Bile juice is secreted by the liver.
  • It does not contain any types of enzymes.
  • The bile juice helps to make the food alkaline and break down the fat molecules.
• Pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas.
  • It contains enzymes like amylase, trypsin, pancreatic lipase, nucleases, amylase, and lipase.
  • Secretion of the Pancreatic juice is regulated by the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin.
• Lipase is the digestive enzyme of fat.
• Ptyalin is the digestive enzyme of the Saliva.
• Hydrochloric acid is produced naturally in the human stomach to help the digestion of food.

On September 16, Aniket Doegar of Haqdarshak, a tech platform that connects citizens with their eligible government welfare schemes, was awarded the 13^th “Social Entrepreneur of the Year (SEOY) Award 2022 - India”, established by Jubilant Bhartia Foundation and Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship. Social Entrepreneurship is an endeavour to develop solutions to the existing socioeconomic, environmental, health care and cultural issues. In 2014-15, India became the first country in the world with a legislated corporate social responsibility (CSR), with a spending threshold of up to $2.5 billion (₹15,000 Cr). As of March 2022, Indian companies have spent more than ₹1 trillion in CSR since its inception. 
Key Points:
Aniket Doegar (Haqdarshak) – awarded the 13^th “Social Entrepreneur of the Year (SEOY) Award 2022 - India”
As of March 2022, Indian companies have spent more than ₹1 trillion in CSR since its inception
Hence, Option A is correct.

Beirut is the capital city of Lebanon and located on a peninsula at the midpoint of its Mediterranean coast. 
Hence option B is correct.